(Author: Zhao Hui) "Taishi Gongyue: Scholars are called Zhou Fayi, JuLuoyi, in summary, this is not the case. King Wu of Yingzhi, King Cheng summoned Gong Buju, lived in Jiuding Yan, and Zhou Fu dufeng and pickaxe. Until Inuyasha defeated The King of You, Zhou Naidong migrated to Luoyi. This is Sima Qian's view in the "Records of History" on whether the capital Luoyi was built during the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, in the Book of Shang and a large number of bronze inscriptions excavated in modern times, it is shown that there are indeed a large number of records about Zong Zhou Fenghao and Eastern Zhou Chengzhou in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so the relationship and status between Zong Zhou Fenghao, Dongdu Chengzhou, and Eastern Zhou Luoyi have become a mystery in Chinese history. Sima Qian's view added to the complexity of this issue, at least in Sima Qian's view, Luoyi was not a duyi existence during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Sima Qian never equated Luoyi with Chengzhou.
Because, after the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, "Ping Wang Li, east to Luoyi, Pei Rong Kou", the historical reason why the Eastern Zhou Moved capital to Luoyi, the successive dynasties and modern scholars generally equated Chengzhou with Luoyi, and equated a large number of Chengzhou with Luoyi in bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Period, making the view that Chengzhou and Luoyi were deeply rooted. Therefore, at the beginning of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the capital of The Founding Of the Western Zhou Dynasty was established, and the Eastern Capital Chengzhou City was established in Luoyi, and after the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the King of Zhou Ping moved to Luoyi as the capital of Eastern Zhou, that is, the Eastern Capital chengzhou city of the Western Zhou Period as the capital of Eastern Zhou, which became a basic historical understanding. However, many of the historical contradictions that arise as a result have emerged and become unexplained historical mysteries.
In 770 BC, "Ping Wang Li moved east to Luoyi" began the history of Eastern Zhou, known as Eastern Zhou. In the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the princes competed for hegemony, known as the Spring and Autumn Period; in 453 BC, after the three families of Han Zhao and Wei joined forces to destroy the Zhi family, the three families were divided into Jin, and the princes fought each other, known as the Warring States Era. In the summer of 520 BC, the Prince Dynasty Rebellion lasted for more than ten years because of the struggle for the throne among the princes in the Zhou Dynasty, and the royal texts that recorded the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty also disappeared from the world during this period.
Because the period of the Prince Dynasty Rebellion was an important event in the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the two princes successively conquered, and there are several historical records about "Chengzhou" in the Zuo Zhuan, which are as follows:
In the twenty-sixth year of the Zhao Gong (515 BC), in the winter of October, the Heavenly King entered Chengzhou, and Yin, Zhaobo, and Mao Bo became princes of Benchu; Jia Shu ( 甲戌 ) , allied with XiangGong. The Jin division made Cheng Gong shu zhou and returned. In December, the king entered the Zhuang Palace.
In the thirty-second year of the ZhaoGong (509 BC), in the autumn of August, the king sent Fu Xin and Shi Zhang Rujin to invite the city into a zhou. In the winter, Zhongsun He Ji would meet Jin Han Unbelief, Qi Gaozhang, Song Zhongji, Wei Shishushen, Zheng Guoshan, Cao Ren, Ju Ren, Xue Ren, Qi Ren, and Xiao Yi Ren Cheng zhou.
The Son of Heaven said, "Heaven sent misfortune to Zhou, and my brother did not have a disordered heart, thinking that my uncle was worried." I am close to my nephew or uncle, not to mention the beginning, in this decade, five years of hard work. Yu Yiren never forgot it, and Min Min Yan was like a farmer looking forward to the old age, afraid to wait for the time. If the uncle is wanton, the cause of fu erwen, the worries of chi zhou, the blessings of Qiwen and Wu, and the name of the lord of the alliance is confirmed, then Yu Yi has a great wish. Former kings and princes, chengcheng zhou, thought to be the eastern capital, chongwen de yan. Now I want to bless the false spirit to become a king, to cultivate the city of Zhou, to be unsympathetic to the people, to use the princes to use Ning, to be a thief to the far screen, and to be powerful in Jin. He entrusted his uncles with the task of making them really important. I alone have no grievances against the people, but my uncle has honor and charity, and the first king is Yongzhi. Fan Xianzi said of Wei Xianzi: "Instead of Shu Zhou, it is better to be a city." Tianzi Shiyun, although there are aftermaths, Jin Bei and Zhi Ke ye. From the king's order to relieve the princes, the Jin kingdom has no worries. Is it not a job, and it is not done? Wei Xianzi said, "Goodness! The angel Bo Yin said to him: "The Son of Heaven has a destiny, and he dares not to be flattered, so as to rush to the princes." Slow decay, so it is there. ”
In the winter of November, Jin Wei Shu and Han Did not believe in the capital division, and the grand master of the princes Yu Diquan, sought an alliance, and made the city into a zhou. South of Weizi. Wei Biao said, "Wei Zi will have a great blame." It is not his job to make a big deal out of it. The poem says: "Respect the wrath of heaven, do not dare to hesitate." Respect the heavens, do not dare to drive. 'Dare to do great things?' "Ugly, Shimimu camp into a week, counting the number of zhang, counting the high and low, the degree of thickness, the ditch, the earth, the discussion of the yuan, the measurement period, the counting of the disciples, the use of materials, the book gluttony, to order the service to the princes, the subordinate to the servants, the book to grant the marshal, and to serve Liu Zi." Han Jianzi came to him and thought it was a fate.
In the spring of the first year of the reign (508 BC), Wang Zhengyue Xin Mi and Yu Diquan, the grand master of the Shuhe princes of Jin and Wei, would form the city into a zhou. Meng Yizi will be cheng zhou, geng yin, planted. When the city is finished in its 30th year, it belongs to the princes.
Judging from the records in the Zuo Zhuan, before 508 BC, Luoyi was considered to be the Chengzhou City of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but it was a capital without a city. From 770 BC to 508 BC when King Ping moved east to Luoyi, 262 years have passed, and as a dynasty, the capital of The capital has no city, which is an incredible thing in the war period of the princes' struggle for hegemony and mutual conquest! It should be known that at the beginning of the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Gong 's "four years of building Hou Wei and five years of becoming a Zhou" was a major measure of the Western Zhou Dynasty and became the foundation of the Western Zhou Dynasty. As the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Kyoto of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, a continuous capital, there was no city for more than 500 years, which is really a phenomenon that is difficult to justify itself.
The Chengzhou City, built in Luoyi in 508 BC, is quite clear and detailed in the Zuo Biography: After King Jing of Zhou drove the prince out of the city, in order to ensure the safety of the city, "instead of fighting Zhou, it is better to be a city", King Jing of Zhou proposed that "now I want to bless the false spirit of the king and build it into the city of Zhou", "Yu Diquan, the master of the princes of The Jin Wei Shuhe, will become a city of Zhou." Meng Yizi will be cheng zhou, geng yin, planted. When the city is finished in its 30th year, it belongs to the princes. ”。 In order to complete the construction of Chengzhou City, "he is ugly, Shimimu camps into zhou, counting the number of zhang, carrying high and low, thick and thin, yugou shirt, material and earth, yuanyuan, measuring the period, counting the disciples, worrying about materials, and ordering the princes to serve in the princes", the chief engineer Shimimu made detailed planning and made meticulous arrangements, so that the Chengzhoucheng project took only thirty and a month to complete the construction. The construction of the project is very efficient, and even today it is a great project worthy of a big book.
Judging from the engineering planning of chief engineer Shimimu, this is a brand new Chengzhou City, which does not have the slightest overlap with the Chengzhou City built by the Zhou Gong, that is to say, the Chengzhou City built by the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Chengzhou City built by the Zhou Gongcheng King in the Western Zhou Dynasty are two completely different Chengzhou Cities. This is not only reflected in the overall planning of the project by chief engineer Shimimu, but also in the purpose of the construction of the Zhou City by king Jing of Zhou- "The former king of The king of The city of Zhou, the city into the zhou, thinking that the eastern capital, Chongwen Deyan." Now I want to bless the false spirits and become kings and cultivate the city of Zhou."
"Blessing false spirit in Chengwang" asked King Cheng for blessings, and under the guise of King Cheng's heroic spirit, he admired Wende, built the city of Chengzhou, rebuilt the deeds of Wenhou and Wengong, and alleviated the worries of Zhou. From this, we can also see that the purpose of the Chengzhou City built by King Jing of Zhou this time was to emulate the "Rule of Chengkang" established by King Cheng of Zhou, and to revitalize the glory of the early Western Zhou Dynasty through the initiative of "the former King joined the princes and the city became Zhou". But at this time and another time, this prince is not another prince, this is not another week, and the zhou royal rule of the Eastern Zhou has gone down.
If "Shimimu Yingcheng Zhou" was built on the original site of "Zhou Gongying Chengzhou", "instead of Shu Zhou, it is better to have a city" indicates that the Zhou Gong Cheng Zhou City here and now has long disappeared, otherwise there would be no expression such as "it is better to build a Cheng Zhou City with a city pool than to defend it into a zhou". As an Eastern Capital Chengzhou City that has an important position in the history of Western Zhou, no matter what historical changes occur, Chengzhou City in Western Zhou should be a complete city, so that it can be used as the capital of Eastern Zhou when King Ping moves east to Luoyi. A capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty that has experienced more than 260 years will not let its capital city with a glorious history become a Zhou City in any case, and it will be abandoned in the erosion of the years, so that the zhou jing king will only remember the historical value of the zhou city. The historical phenomenon of "most cities without cities" cannot occur in the Spring and Autumn Period when the ceremonies collapsed and were fought against each other.
Where was chengzhou city in the Western Zhou Dynasty? Was the Chengzhou City built by King Jing of Zhou during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty the Eastern Capital chengzhou city in the Western Zhou Dynasty? It remains an unsolved mystery of Chinese history. Through the "Shimimu Ying Chengzhou" recorded in the "Zuo Chuan", we do not see that there is an inevitable inheritance relationship between the two. The difference between the results of "in the past, the kings and princes, the city into the Zhou, thinking that the eastern capital" and "now I want to bless the false spirit of the king, cultivate the city of Zhou" The difference between the two results is probably the difference in the geographical and cultural environment of the Chengzhou City in the two periods, and "Chongwen Deyan" is the fundamental difference between the chengzhou city in the two periods before and after. (Author: Zhao Hui)