We all say that the "Ancient Five Clans" and the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" are the ancestors of Huaxia, so who are they? What's the relationship?
In different versions of different historical periods, there are different statements. The "Ancient Five Clans" are generally considered to be the Chao clan, the Fu ren clan, the Fu Xi clan, the Nüwa clan, and the Shennong clan. However, there are many theories of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", and regarding the version of "Three Emperors", the "Shangshu Dabiao", "Spring and Autumn Luck Doushu", "Three Character Classics" and other historical materials from the Han Dynasty and later have different records, but there are "Fuxi Clan" and "Shennong Clan", and the other one, some say "There is a Chao Clan", some say "Lingren Clan", some say "Nüwa Clan", and the "Historical Record" directly says "Emperor, Emperor Di, Emperor Tai (Emperor of Ren)".
The main reason for the controversy over the "Three Emperors" is that the literature on the specific characters of the Three Emperors is relatively late, and there are no records of the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn Warring States periods, where sacrifices and Zhou rituals are more stringent and prevalent, and basically only after the Han Dynasty. The official establishment of the Three Emperors was in the Tang Dynasty, which was the first time in history that the Three Emperors were included in the scope of sacrifice, and the Three Emperors were designated as "Fuxi, Shennong, and Yellow Emperor" in the festival, of which the sacrifice of Fuxi as the "head of the Three Emperors" only began in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.
Although there are many versions, the "Three Emperors" basically belong to the "Ancient Five Clans", of which the Five Clans are headed by the Youchao Clan. The Chao clan also dates back to the Liangzhu culture period of prehistoric civilization, and its ancestral home is the Chaohu Lake Basin, which was once located in the "Liangzhu Ancient City". Youchao clan created a nest civilization, building wood for nests, attacking leaves for clothing, from cave dwellings to nest dwellings, so that humans began to dress, making humans and beasts distinguish, Youchao clan is also known as the "first humanistic ancestor" in China. After the ancient city of Liangzhu was submerged, there was a Chao clan to move the capital, so that the Liangzhu culture ended and opened the Yangshao culture period.
As the son of the Youchao clan, he drilled wood for fire and taught people to cook food, ending the history of ancient humans drinking blood. The Mausoleum of emperors buried in Shangqiu, Henan, is also the oldest imperial tomb in Chinese history.
Fu Xi was the son of the Fu ren clan, he married his sister Nuwa clan, taught people to catch birds and fish, invented gossip, he also formulated the human marriage system, formulated the surname, and founded the totem dragon, from which the descendants of the dragon came, marking the beginning of Chinese civilization.
Shennong was the grandson of the Fuxi and Nuwa clans, who invented farming techniques, taught people to raise crops, make pottery and weave, and use fire, and was later revered as the god of agriculture. He also tasted hundreds of herbs, invented medicine, formulated calendars, defeated the Zhu Xiang clan, unified China for the first time, and made great contributions to Chinese civilization. In the later period, the Jiuli tribe rebelled and the world was in chaos, so that the Yangshao culture ended and entered the Longshan culture period.
The Five Clans and the Three Emperors have made many contributions to human development, enabling human beings to survive and reproduce, promoting the progress of civilization and the development of culture, and they are the humanistic ancestors of China. After the "Five Clans" and the "Three Emperors", they entered the "Five Emperors" period. The five emperors we now generally think of as the Yellow Emperor, Emperor Huan, Emperor Zhao, Yao, and Shun.
The Yellow Emperor, surnamed Ji, had the Xiong clan, the trumpet Xuanyuan, and the Yandi Shennong clan were brothers. We are known as the descendants of Yan huang, and the merits of the Yellow Emperor needless to say, unifying China and conquering Dongyi and Jiuli. The Yellow Emperor had four concubines in his lifetime, and had 25 sons, among which he gave birth to the eldest son Shao hao and the second son Changyi, and after the death of the Yellow Emperor, he passed the position of tribal chief to the eldest son, Shao Hao of the Qingyang clan.
He was the son of Changyi, the second son of the Yellow Emperor, and the grandson of the Yellow Emperor's concubine, who assisted Shao Hao in managing the tribe. Because of his meritorious assistance to Shao Hao, he was sealed in Gaoyang, so he was also known as GaoYang. And the battle of Gonggong was one of the reasons why he was able to rank among the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", gonggong used water to seize the position of leader, causing flooding, the people complained, and The people won the victory and became the new tribal leader. If you take the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor to calculate, it is already the third generation that continues to the Huang Dynasty.
Emperor Zhao was Shao Hao's grandson-in-law, that is, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, which was the fourth generation, that is to say, Emperor Zhao was the nephew of Emperor Huan. Emperor Zhao was also a very powerful vassal of Emperor Huan's side, and was passed on to Emperor Zhao after his death. Because Di Zhao was born in Gaoxin, he was also called Gaoxin.
Below is Emperor Yao, who is the son of Emperor Zhao, the fifth generation of the Yellow Emperor. Emperor Zhao had four sons, and when Yao was 20 years old, he replaced his elder brother Emperor Zhi as the new leader of the alliance. Because the capital of his fiefdom was Tao Tang, he was also known as Tao Tang.
Yao is the fifth generation of the Yellow Emperor, and Yao to Shun is not a father-son inheritance or an uncle-nephew inheritance. Historical records only record that Yu Shishun was the fifth grandson of Yu Shishun, that is, the eighth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, while Yao was the fifth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and there were three generations between the two of them, but it is also possible that in modern times, a middle-aged person in a village calls a small child Grandpa. Shun is famous for filial piety, and the "filial piety that moves the heavens" at the head of the twenty-four filial pieties refers to him.
Finally, there was Da Yu of the Xia Hou clan, who was the sixth grandson of Emperor Huan, the ninth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was related to Shun as an uncle and nephew. His father, Cang, was killed for failing to control the water, and Yu took over his work as a water controlman, and eventually succeeded. Regarding Dayu's various exploits, I think there is no need to say more. After Yu's death, his son Qi succeeded to the throne, and at this point the "Gong tianxia" tribal system ended and entered the slave society of "family world".
However, there is a phenomenon that must be said here, that is, although we often say that after the Great Yu Transmission is located in the Qi, the Zen system under the Gongtianxia has become the hereditary system of the family world, but when combing the inheritance relationship between the "Ancient Five Clans" and the "Three Emperors" to the "Five Emperors" mentioned earlier, we can find that this inheritance model of the family world actually existed as early as the ancient tribal period before the formation of the country, such as "father and son succession", "brother and brother" and "uncle and nephew inheritance" These later classic hereditary systems have appeared.
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