"For 15 years, you and I have lived and died together and suffered together. Honghu Lake, Xiang'exi, Eyuchuan Shaanxi, scorching heat, Xiang'ebian, Xiang'echuanqian, Yunguichuan, Ganshan, Snowy Mountain Meadows, Xi'an Plain, Tajin Sui, out of Hebei, tens of thousands of miles of long-distance conquest, into death and birth. Whether on the battlefield, at work, or in the huts and huts of the huts, the high halls of the buildings, I can't remember when they were not together, and what battles were separated. Now, you and I are never gone, looking up to the heavens, your voice is like a sound, and I can't sleep. ”
This is a pair of elegies written by the founding marshal He Long for his close comrades in 1946, whose death can make this marshal who came from the war into such sorrow?
He is Guan Xiangying.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="102" > join the revolution</h1>
On the ninth day of the eighth lunar month in 1902, a cry came from Guanjia Village in Jin County, Luda City, Liaoning Province. At this time, the decadent rule of the late Qing government has gradually come to an end, since Gengzi, the greed of the great powers in China has become more explicit, and under the internal and external difficulties, Guanjia Village is not spared, and this cry under the pressure of hunger and cold has touched the heartstrings of people in distress.
Guan Xiangying was born in a Manchu Qing family, the Guan surname comes from the first surname in Manchuria, Guarjia, this surname has produced many concubines in the history of the Qing Dynasty, and has also produced auxiliary ministers such as Aobai and Ronglu, and it is reasonable to say that the Manchus, as the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty, should be accompanied by many privileges from the day Guan Xiangying was born.
If nothing else, the Manchu Qing government stipulates that whenever a Manchu man is born, he can receive 2 taels of silver from the state every month, which is 24 taels a year, according to the Qing Dynasty official system, Guan Xiang should be born equivalent to the treatment of seven pin officials, and the purchasing power of 24 taels is enough to support a family. The Manchu nobles also affectionately turned this silver into a "hardcore crop", and with its blessing, life is drought and flood protection, eating and drinking.
However, at this time, the Manchu Qing government had long been surviving, and could only cut the land to pay compensation to the outside world, and could only increase taxes internally, and this iron rice bowl had long been unable to be distributed, and even the children of the Manchu nationality could not avoid the dilemma of not having food to eat. Guan Xiangying's father, Guan Chenggui, could only work as a weaver during the day, returning from work at night, and also going down to the ground to take care of more than a dozen acres of thin fields to maintain the family's livelihood.
Guan Xiangying is the eldest of the five children of the Guan family, and from the age of six or seven, he began to share family work, planting land in the spring, pulling grass in the summer, collecting firewood in the autumn, and wearing stars and moons with his father when the farmer was busy.
Although his fathers and grandparents have not been readers, but letting children go to school is Guan Chenggui's consistent insistence, in the midst of chaos and change, he also has to provide Guan Xiangying with food and clothing, looking forward to a better future for him.
Guan Xiangying is also well aware of his parents' hard work, listening carefully to lectures at school during the day, and when he comes home from school, in addition to helping his parents work, he is reading books and practicing words, and he can often be seen reading books while herding pigs on the mountain. Such amazing perseverance and spirit are rare even now.
In April 1918, Guan Xiangying was admitted to the Pulandian Public School, and the knowledge involved in the hunt gradually became extensive. Two years later, at the age of eighteen, Guan Xiangying was admitted to the business department attached to the Fushimitai Public School in Dalian, a rural child, and finally entered the big city.
After graduating in 1922, Guan Xiangying entered the printing house of Taidong Daily Newspaper.
Life in the city gradually opened his horizons, and taking advantage of his work, Guan Xiangying often read the Taidong Daily, in which he read many articles propagating revolutionary ideas, especially in an article entitled "Li (Lie) Ning in Six Months", he first realized the great significance of the October Revolution in Russia, and later had the privilege of getting to know Li Zhenying, a communist who came to Dalian to carry out the workers' movement.
In 1924, after careful consideration, Guan Xiangying bid farewell to his family and resolutely threw himself into the revolutionary cause.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="113" > share the responsibility</h1>
In January 1932, Guan Xiangying, then an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, came from Shanghai to the revolutionary base area of western Xiang'e to carry out work, and served as the chairman of the branch of the Western Military Commission of Xiang'e and the political commissar of the Three Red Armed Forces.
At this time, the revolutionary base areas in western Hunan and Hubei were facing two problems: First, the successive attacks of the Kuomintang reactionaries caused continuous setbacks and heavy losses in the base areas with good development momentum. On the other hand, the base areas are interfered with by the "Left" line and are unable to carry out normal political and military activities.
Xia Xi, secretary of the Xiang'e-Exi Central Bureau, vigorously promoted Wang Ming's "left" opportunism, and He Long, as the founder of the revolutionary base area in western Xiang'e'e, was also ostracized by him; Xia Xi even abolished the two-level establishment of the Red Third Army's military divisions and organized the entire Red Third Army into five regiments, nominally under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission branch, but in fact appropriated the command for himself, and wanted to squeeze He Long out in the name of going to the Soviet Union to study.
It was at such a critical moment that Guan Xiangying arrived at the base area in western Xiang'e. After fully understanding the situation in the base areas, Guan Xiangying immediately convened a military conference that was dissolved by Xia Xi, and in his capacity as chairman of the Central Military Commission branch, he clearly pointed out that He Long, as a comrade who participated in the Nanchang uprising, had undoubted military ability and contribution.
At the meeting, on behalf of the Central Committee, he announced the restoration of the leading organs of the Red Three Armies, and He Long was able to re-command the Red Three Armies, annihilating two brigades, two regiments, and three battalions of the enemy in two consecutive months, and capturing two enemy brigade commanders, which more than doubled the base area in western Hunan and Hubei, and the red army's armed forces grew to 30,000 people.
After that, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fourth "encirclement and suppression", Guan Xiangying and He Long believed that they should jump to the outside line to wait for the opportunity to annihilate the enemy, but Xia Xi insisted on frontal resistance and rejected the propositions of Guan and He, which directly led to the failure of the anti-encirclement and suppression, and put the party and government organs in the Soviet region and more than 3,000 people under siege.
Guan and He took up the heavy burden and sent He Bingyan and others back to the blockade area to rescue them and save the fire in the base area.
By this time, the Red Army had been reduced to 9,000 men, and the hunger and cold, coupled with the expansion of the anti-rebellion movement, led to heavy losses, and by 1933, the Red Army had only more than 3,000 people left. At this time, Guan Xiangying resolutely criticized Xia Xi's erroneous line, and with the support of He Long, proposed to establish a base area in Qiandong with the remaining forces of the Red Army, saving the future of the revolution.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="122" > prevent splitting</h1>
After the Red Third Army restored the red second army, Guan Xiang should serve as the deputy political commissar of the red second army.
In 1934, when the Central Red Army began the Long March, the Red Second Army received a telegram from Mao Zedong asking to work with the Red Sixth Army to jointly plan the Long March of the Central Red Army, but then received a telegram from Zhang Guotao, asking him to go north with the Sixth Army.
Which of these two telegrams should be executed?
Guan Xiangying held that since the Central Red Army had already begun the Long March and was surrounded and blocked by Chiang Kai-shek, the Red Army as a whole naturally could not sit idly by, even if it made certain sacrifices; as for Zhang Guotao's telegram, it could be temporarily dismissed.
He Long, commander of the Second Red Army, and Ren Bishi, political commissar, also agreed with this view. Therefore, the Red Second and Sixth Armies jointly launched the Western Hunan Offensive and switched to Xiang'echuanqian, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to divide his troops by 200,000 troops to encircle and suppress, effectively cooperating with the Long March of the Central Red Army.
In 1936, when the Red Second and Sixth Armies arrived in the Yunnan-Guizhou area, they again received a telegram from Zhang Guotao, asking him to cross the Jinsha River north and meet the Red Fourth Front to go north to resist Japan.
At this time, the two corps did not know that Zhang Guotao was holding Zhu De and Liu Bocheng hostage, but it was indeed necessary to go north to resist the Japanese, so the two corps crossed the Jinsha River and crossed the Daxue Mountains, and successfully joined the Red Fourth Front in July.
After meeting the division, Guan Xiangying and others learned from Zhu De and Liu Bocheng about Zhang Guotao's plot to split the Party and the Red Army. In the face of the task force dispatched by Zhang Guotao in the name of greeting the condolences, Guan Xiang should only allow them to talk about the situation in the northwest region and their experience in crossing the grassland, and they were not allowed to talk about other contents, especially about the First and Fourth Fronts and the attack on the central authorities.
In addition, Guan Xiangying also held a meeting within the Red Second Army to eliminate the influence of Zhang Guotao's erroneous ideas. When Zhang Guotao learned of this, he wanted to transfer Guan Xiangying away in the name of the General Political Commissar of the Red Army, with the intention of controlling the Red Second Front. Guan Xiang should resolutely refrain from carrying out Zhang Guotao's order, "Even if the work is transferred, there must be an order from the Party Central Committee."
Zhang Guotao was not dead-hearted and proposed to convene a joint meeting of the two armies in an attempt to suppress the commanders and fighters of the Red Second Front with the principle of the minority obeying the majority. At the same time, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Ren Bishi, and Wang Zhen of the Red Sixth Front stood on the same side, and the Red Fourth Front also demanded to go north to resist Japan, and Zhang Guotao was forced to agree to go north with the Red Second Front.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="134" > frugal life</h1>
Poor at an early age, coupled with a long period of conquest, Guan Xiangying's health deteriorated, and he often coughed during the Long March, and then his condition worsened again. Under the arrangement of the organization, he went to Yan'an for treatment and was diagnosed with hollow tuberculosis.
In May 1942, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Jinsui Joint Defense Headquarters in Yan'an, with Guan Xiangying as political commissar and an old friend He Long. The two have established a deep friendship since the beginning of Xiang'exi, and even the signature is often replaced by the word "He Guan". During he worked in Yan'an, He Long often sent his own secretary to take care of Guan Xiangying's life and illness, and even had to personally account for his diet.
During the period of recuperation in Yan'an, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, and other central leaders visited him in person many times, Wang Zhen and Deng Fa personally cooked for him every time they came, and the central authorities also tried their best to provide him with higher living conditions in Yan'an so that he could recover from his illness.
However, Guan Xiangying always felt that such an arrangement was too expensive, and his heart was quite uneasy, and he repeatedly asked the organization about the specific treatment given to him, and urged his guards not to engage in special, even under normal circumstances, he would feel wasteful and criticize.
In 1945, Guan Xiangying's condition improved slightly, so he personally went through the living accounts and repeatedly told the guards to reduce the oil in their meals to save money. Always afraid of waste, he had to ask about even the smallest expenses, his clothes were torn and repaired, and even the quilts were left behind during the Long March.
During the rectification movement, Guan Xiangying also actively summed up the revolutionary experience of the Red Army in the past, and restored the reputations of He Mengxiong, Lin Yunan, Li Qiushi, and others who were beaten by Wang Ming as a rightist faction because they opposed the "Left" line.
In April 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was convened, and although Guan Xiangying was unable to attend the meeting due to illness, he was still elected as a member of the Central Committee.
In January 1946, Guan Xiangying's condition began to deteriorate, vomiting for four consecutive days and being unable to eat, while still awake, Guan Xiangying did not forget to ask the doctor how long his life would last in order to explain his work.
On July 21, 1946, at the age of 44, General Guan Xiangying died of illness, and a week later, his memorial service was held in the auditorium of the Central Party School, and Chairman Mao's personal writing of the elegy can be described as the most accurate evaluation of his revolutionary cause:
"Be loyal, serve the party and the country, and comrade Xiangying will not die!"
In many poems describing war scenes, it is not difficult to see the magnificent scenes, but there is a very modern small poem, which always haunts the mind:
The moon dimmed in the dust, and mars burst out under the horse's hooves. The water of the moon river stream, the shadow of the moon that was trampled on flashed silver, the electric fire sent the horse's hoof, disappearing into the subtle light.
The title of the poem is called "The Journey", and the author is Guan Xiangying.
The martyr does not die, but his figure is dimmed in the dust, and his feelings are immortal, even in the subtle light.