The content of this article is transferred from: Tang Hao, editor of Guizhou People's Publishing House, hereby explained.
At the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, guizhou talents swarmed. The officials who entered the Qian dynasty and "the soldiers of the handsome masters, compared with the Soldiers of Zhongzhou" in Guizhou of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, became famous for their "ten thousand horses like dragons out of Guizhou". The "Ming and Qing Guizhou Character Trilogy" written by Mr. Xiao Sichun focuses on the Ming and Qing Guizhou jinshi, people, and officials, and selects nearly 100 people to set up monuments for them and write the Spring and Autumn This is the "Ming and Qing Guizhou Character Trilogy" of the "Ming and Qing Guizhou Character Trilogy", the book was first published in 2005 (Si Chun. Guizhou People's Publishing House, 2005.) is now revised and republished by Guizhou People's Publishing House.
Editor Tang Hao said:
Guizhou is located in a remote southwest mountainous area, the Ming and Qing dynasties traffic is very backward, extremely inconvenient, there is a "even the sky peak, birds do not pass" a saying, and the economy and culture is also very backward. During the 543 years of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the impressive results of "seven hundred soldiers and six thousand people" were able to produce impressive results, which made people today look at them with astonishment and astonishment!
These seven hundred jinshi are all famous and surnamed, have places of origin, and have positions, and are also included in the "List of Ming and Qing Jinshi Inscriptions". Qianzhong "seven hundred soldiers, six thousand people", "three Dingjia (Zhuangyuan) a probe flower", can be described as "a handsome man, than Zhongzhou". Among the many long stele inscribed by Jinshi in the Confucius Temple in Beijing, there is a poem that says: "The Confucius Temple is majestic and cultural relics are abundant, and the stele is engraved with the inscription Ofjin Shi Yang Confucian Sect; the name left seven hundred for Qiansheng, instigating the laizi to re-study the style." ”
First, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guizhou had more than 6,000 people admitted through examinations and more than 700 jinshi. This achievement, in the case of the eighteen provinces of the country at that time, should be regarded as middle and upper, and it is worthy of our pride.
The book "Seven Hundred Jinshi of Guizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" selects 50 or 60 people who have made significant contributions and influences on the country, nationalities and local cultures from the 700 jinshi, and introduces the history and culture, geographical environment, era background, family learning, personality, talent, and achievements to the readers one by one, taking the years and months as the scriptures and talents as the latitude.
For example, Sun Ying'ao, one of the four great philosophers of the Ming Dynasty: Sun Ying'ao, a native of Qingpingwei, Guizhou (present-day Lushan Town, Kaili City), was a scholar of Jiajing in the 30th year (1552 AD). He was the first Guozi supervisor to sacrifice wine, and wrote a lot of works in his lifetime, expounding his educational ideas with sixteen articles such as reverence, studiousness, discussion of the heart, determination, confusion, and cultivation. He straightened out Confucianism and advocated a down-to-earth style of study. His ideological theoretical basis comes from the ideological system of the philosopher Wang Yangming. He inherited Wang Yangming's theory of mind, put forward the psychology based on benevolence, and pushed the "benevolence" as a moral category to all things in the universe, aiming to purify the social atmosphere and alleviate social contradictions. He believed that "benevolence" was the basis of all virtues and the greatest virtue. Knowing benevolence, seeking benevolence, and reaching benevolence, virtue has a foundation, and there is a heart of benevolence, and there is a heart of compassion, a heart of good rest, and a heart of righteousness, as he said in his book "Huaihai Yi tan": "Therefore, those who are in harmony with etiquette, those who are in harmony with this benevolence; those who know righteousness, those who know this benevolence; those who are officials, do this benevolence." His works involve literature, history and philosophy, as well as politics, economics, education, music and other fields, such as "On the Compilation of the Society", "Spring and Autumn Festival", "Yong Theory", "Wen Chun Gong Yi Collection" and so on.
Second, try to give a few representative figures. Ding Baozhen, a Gold Weaver in Guizhou, together with Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong, Shen Baozhen and others, was a "famous minister of Zhongxing". When he was the governor of Shandong and the governor of Sichuan, Ding Baozhen, faced with the social reality of internal and external troubles, the country's growing situation, political darkness, and chaos, always took it as his duty to save the country and save the people, built water conservancy projects, killed eunuchs and rebels, straightened out the administration of officials, set up foreign affairs, and sympathized with the people's difficulties. The people of the time highly praised his Qingfeng Liang Festival, praising his integrity as "Pure I". In the summer and April of the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869 AD), Ding Baozhen, while serving as the governor of Shandong, dared to kill An Dehai, the eunuch favored by Empress Dowager Cixi, which shocked the government and the public and won the praise of the world. Ding Baozhen expressed his purpose as an official more profoundly. He said to Ding Ti, the eldest son of ding ti, who served as the prefect of Puzhou in Shanxi, with a heavy heart: "To be an official, it is the first priority to love the people and support the people, that is, the so-called those who serve the country are no different." Loving the people is the foundation of the country, and cultivating the people's morale is to cultivate the national network. To win the hearts and minds of the people, the people's morale is harmonious, but the country is in peace and well-being, that is, to serve the country, and then in the future, we will always observe this word and do what we say. "Being an official" is particularly exemplary" and "being fair in heart, honest in conduct, diligent in doing things, and careful in asking questions." He admonished him to "live in peace and be frightened and flattered"; to "live in peace and think of danger" and not to "forget about worries in peace"; to regard the ups and downs of the eunuch sea and personal gains and losses indifferently, but to attach importance to one's own personality and sentiments. Ding Baozhen's personality charm and love and hatred are clearly distinguished as officials, and today's officials also have an exemplary role and exemplary role. It was precisely under Ding Baozhen's earnest education that Ding Ti often spent his life in a clean and self-disciplined manner, worried about the country and the people, and eventually became a well-known official in the political arena of the late Qing Dynasty.
Third, Zhou Qiwei, who participated in the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary during the Kangxi Dynasty, and so on. Qingyan Ancient Town on the outskirts of Guiyang, the land of Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon, during the Kangxi Dynasty Qingyan rode a dragon out of a jinshi named Zhou Qiwei, who was talented and famous in Beijing, and was regarded by the people at the time as a literary leader who "held the style and led the group". He participated in the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary and made significant contributions to Chinese culture.
Zhao Guoshu, the regimental commander in Qingyan Town, was a key figure in the Sino-French diplomatic conflict caused by the Qingyan Teaching Case in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861 AD), and his sons were three zhongjinshi and one was the middle jingkui, of which Zhao Yijiong was the first yuan in the history of Guizhou in the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886 AD).
The talents of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty had distinct regional colors, and were dominated by literati groups with family, kinship and teacher-inheritance relations, so many family talents were born and repeatedly listed as subjects, such as the Huang family. Huang Fuxiang and Huang Fuchen brothers are Daoguang Jinshi. Huang Pengnian, the son of Huang Fuchen, was also a Daoguang Jinshi, who was an official Qingzheng and erudite, and was relied upon by Luo Bingzhang, the Governor of Sichuan, Li Hongzhang, the Governor of Shaanxi, Liu Rong, the Governor of Shaanxi, and Zhang Zhidong, the Governor of Huguang. He is good at history, proficient in public opinion, and has the reputation of "Tongzhi Giant".
Fourth, Li Duandi, who established the Beijing Normal University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University). Li Duandi was an important figure in the Reform School during the Penghu ReformAtion, and a jinshi in the second year of Tongzhi (1863 AD). His younger brothers Li Duanzhi and Li Duanrong were Guangxu Jinshi. Throughout his life, Li Duandi was worried about the country and the people, concerned about education, and once established the Beijing Normal University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University) in the Qing Dynasty, and presented the "Qing Promotion Of Learning Folds" to the Guangxu Emperor, which contributed greatly to China's restoration movement and new-style education.
All in all, judging from the historical evidence: "There were more than 6,000 people in Guizhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and although many of them did not enter the ranks of jinshi, they showed their glory in different fields and stood out for thousands of years." For example, Zheng Zhen, Mo Youzhi and Li Shuchang of the beach culture, the first two are juren, the latter is only a widow, but their achievements in poetry, prose, sinology and Fang Zhixue are praised and admired by people in Hainei. Historical and cultural heritage should be studied, excavated, and critically inherited and carried forward. The Guizhou People's Publishing House revised and republished "Seven Hundred Soldiers of Guizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" this time, and there are many rational reflections, and the book uses eloquent facts to break through the historical prejudice of "no one in Guizhou" and once again proves to the world: "Seven hundred soldiers, six thousand people" is a cultural phenomenon in Guizhou that is "better than Zhongzhou."