In the course of China's revolutionary journey in the past hundred years, many martyrs who sacrificed their lives and forgot their deaths and sang generous and tragic songs emerged, such as Yang Jingyu, Chen Shuxiang, Zhao Yiman, Zhao Shangzhi, Jiang Zhujun, Fang Zhimin, and so on.
Each of them is an outstanding party member of our party, a revolutionary martyr, and can be called a "person with capital letters"!
However, in the long and arduous revolutionary journey, there are also some traitors whose convictions are not firm and cannot withstand the test!
For example, the Qin Manyun we are about to talk about is a "female traitor" who quietly disappeared from the revolutionary ranks!
Qin Manyun was born in April 1908 in Jinan, Shandong Province, in a declining family of scholars, and his brother Qin Maoxuan, a revolutionary martyr who could sing and cry, was only 22 years old at the time of righteousness.
However, compared with his elder brother Qin Maoxuan, Qin Manyun's revolutionary road was very bumpy and bumpy!
Figure | Qin Manyun
Qin Manyun has been smart and clever since childhood, likes to read, and was admitted to Shandong Provincial Jinan Girls' High School with excellent results in his early years.
During this period, Qin Manyun became acquainted with a group of early female communists at the Shandong Provincial Girls' Normal School, and under their influence, he officially threw himself into the revolutionary wave and joined revolutionary groups such as the "Anti-imperialist Grand Alliance" in Shandong and the "Non-Christian Grand Alliance" in Jinan.
In 1925, at the age of 17, Qin Manyun, Together with Wang Wei and others, jointly initiated the Jinan "Women's Academic Association", and then participated in the preparation and establishment of the "Women's National Assembly Promotion Association" in Shandong.
The Wang Wei mentioned here is an early female member of our party, who served as the director of the Soviet Library of the Beijing Library after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He died in 1987.
After that, Qin Manyun joined the Communist Youth League of China and served as the secretary of the provincial women's central league branch. Later, after Qin Manyun became a member of the Communist Party, he served as the secretary of the provincial women's central party branch.
Although Qin Manyun was still young at this time, he was already an out-and-out revolutionary, and his revolutionary achievements were really envious of others!
But that's just the beginning!
On May 30, 1925, the "May Thirtieth Movement", an anti-imperialist patriotic movement that shocked China and foreign countries, broke out.
Under the leadership and promotion of our party, the may thirtieth movement swept the country rapidly, from workers to students, peasants, businessmen and other social strata, throughout the country's 25 provinces and autonomous regions, about 700 counties, about 17 million people directly participated in the movement.
Workers' strikes, student strikes, merchants' strikes, and tens of thousands of people held grand rallies and demonstrations, shouting loud slogans such as "Down with imperialism" and "abolition of unequal treaties", forming a nationwide wave of anti-imperialist anger.
During this period, Qin Manyun was not idle, she actively led the provincial female middle school students, carried out various forms of anti-imperialist struggle, and participated in the citywide anti-imperialist movement led by the Jinan Youth League Prefectural Committee.
In August of the same year, Zhang Zongchang, known as the "Dog Meat General" and then the military governor and chairman of shandong province, began to brutally suppress the anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the shandong masses, and Qin Manyun changed his struggle strategy according to the instructions of his superiors and turned to underground activities.
In fact, as early as May of this year, Zhang Zongchang, backed by the Japanese, had bloodily suppressed the strike movement of the workers of the Japanese spinning mill in Qingdao, resulting in the death of 8 people on the spot, 17 serious injuries, the arrest of 75 people, and the repatriation of more than 3,000 workers to their original homes, resulting in the "Qingdao Massacre" that shocked China and foreign countries.
The development of the May Thirtieth Movement not only dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of imperialism, but also played a crucial role in raising the ideological consciousness of the people.
In addition, our Party has been greatly tempered in the revolutionary struggle to lead the May Thirtieth Movement, and has produced a large number of valuable cadres for the training of our Party.
For example, Qin Manyun in the early days was in the ranks of these precious cadres.
After that, Qin Manyun successively served as a member of the Jinan Local Executive Committee of the Communist Youth League, the secretary of the Academic Committee, and the director of propaganda.
In the middle of the following year, Qin Manyun was also elected as a member of the Shandong District Executive Committee of the Communist Youth League.
At this time, although Qin Manyun was only an 18-year-old girl, her "revolutionary achievements" were really enviable.
Because of this, she was also sent by the party organization to study at the Eastern University in the Soviet Union (i.e., the Communist University of The Eastern Workers) and the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.
You must know that these two schools in the Soviet Union are high-level institutions specializing in training Chinese revolutionary cadres, and Qin Manyun can enter here to study, which shows the importance that the party organizations attach to her.
Figure | Former site of the Eastern University in Moscow, USSR
In June 1928, Guan Xiangying came to Moscow to attend the Sixth Party Congress. At the meeting, Guan Xiangying was also elected as a member of the Central Committee and an alternate member of the Politburo.
And it was also in this year that Qin Manyun and Guan Xiangying got married. And the combination of the two of them can be described as a beautiful match, which makes people envious.
However, compared with Qin Manyun's rugged revolutionary road, Guan Xiangying's revolutionary road is extremely tragic and legendary!
Guan Xiangying is a famous leader of the first generation of the Chinese revolution!
During the agrarian revolution, Guan Xiangying served as chairman of the Military Commission of Western Hunan and Hubei and political commissar of the Three Red Armies, and together with General Manager He, led the construction of the revolutionary base area in western Hunan and Hubei, and later created the revolutionary base area in eastern Qiandong.
Figure | Guan Xiangying
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Long served as the commander of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and Guan Xiang served as the political commissar. During this period, Guan Xiangying, together with He Long, led the creation of the anti-Japanese base area in northwestern Jin.
After 1940, Guan Xiangying successively served as the political commissar of the Northwest Jinbei Military Region, the Jinsui Military Region, and the political commissar of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army.
However, due to years of arduous revolutionary struggle, he became ill and died in Yan'an in July 1946 at the age of 44.
After Guan Xiangying's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote a proclamation for him: "Be loyal and loyal, serve the party and the country, and Comrade Xiangying will not die." ”
And Mr. He, who fought side by side with him day and night, even wrote the article "Crying to Ying": "For fifteen years, you and I have lived and died together, sharing hardships...", the sentences are sincere, it can be said that those who hear it are sad, and those who see it are crying!
So, what happened to Guan Xiangying's wife, Qin Manyun?
Figure | Guan Xiangying and Qin Manyun's wedding photo
In the spring of 1929, after Qin Manyun and Guan Xiangying were ordered to return to China, Qin Manyun was first arranged to work in the Women's Work Department of the Central Committee of the League, and then rushed to the secretariat of the Central Military Commission with her husband Guan Xiangying to serve as a confidential secretary.
In August of the following year, the Yangtze River Bureau was reorganized, and the two were ordered to rush from Shanghai to Wuhan, with Guan Xiangying as secretary of the Yangtze River Bureau's Military Commission and Qin Manyun working in the Yangtze River Bureau secretariat.
Soon after, because Song Huihe, then a member of the Hankou District CPC Committee, and Chen Hua, secretary of the Hankou District CPC Committee, were arrested and defected, the organs of the Yangtze River Bureau, the organs of the Wuhan Municipal CPC Committee, and the grass-roots organizations of the three towns were seriously damaged by the enemy.
At the end of the year, the superiors made a decision to withdraw most of the Yangtze River Bureau staff, and Guan Xiangying and Qin Manyun were forced to withdraw to Shanghai.
After withdrawing to Shanghai, Qin Manyun engaged in confidential work in the central executive bureau office in Shanghai!
During this period, Guan Xiangying was arrested by the British Concession Patrol House and imprisoned.
In prison, although the enemy carried out various threats and inducements against Guan Xiangying, he never revealed his true identity.
Subsequently, under the active rescue of Zhou Enlai, Chen Geng and others, the British Concession authorities finally refused to extradite Guan Xiang to the Kuomintang authorities on the grounds of insufficient evidence and released him.
After his release from prison, Guan Xiangying was ordered to rush to the Western Soviet District of Xiang'e, fight side by side with Boss He, and from then on led the Red Army to the southern expedition to the northern war, which lasted for more than ten years.
At that time, Qin Manyun did not go with her husband Guan Xiangying because no one could take over her work.
It was also this separation that caused the two to part ways and never see each other again. But unfortunately, Guan Xiangying was taking the Kangzhuang Avenue, while Qin Manyun was taking the evil door and crooked road.
In Shanghai in the 1930s, the central organs of our Party were always placed in the concessions, which were originally for security reasons, but during this period they were constantly purged and encircled and suppressed by the Kuomintang, resulting in the repeated destruction of our Party's organs in Shanghai.
At that time, Qin Manyun was serving as the director of the Liaison Office of the Comintern Representatives and the chief accountant of the Shanghai Central Executive Bureau.
However, the weather is unpredictable!
On the evening of June 26, 1934, Li Zhusheng, then secretary of the Shanghai Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China, was arrested by Kuomintang Central Unification agents who were waiting here beforehand when he returned to the office of the Central Bureau after meeting with the representatives of the Communist International.
Also arrested were Qin Manyun and Qiu Aizhen, staff members of the office, Li Dezhao, head of the secretariat of the Central Bureau, and Zhou Huinian, a traffic officer.
Subsequently, the central Jiangsu provincial organs were also cracked, and its secretary Zhao Liren, as well as Yuan Mengchao, secretary of the All-China Federation of Party Groups, and others were also arrested.
After Qin Manyun was arrested, he immediately defected and rebelled!
At the beginning of Li Zhusheng's arrest, the enemy first tried to persuade him to surrender, and then he was escorted to the Nanjing Secret Service Headquarters, where agents from the Kuomintang Training Section came forward to persuade him to surrender.
After Li Zhusheng defected, he immediately gave the address of 'Sheng Zhongliang', the head of the organization department of the Shanghai Central Bureau, so that he could be arrested and later defected.
Figure | Sheng Zhongliang
Because before that, there were also underground radio contacts between our Party's organs in Shanghai and Moscow in the Soviet Union, Deng Yingchao also agreed with Qin Manyun on the eve of being ordered to go to Jiangxi to communicate with Qin Manyun in a specially prepared code.
Here we want to focus on this "Sheng Zhongliang"!
A native of Hunan, he studied at The National Law and Politics University in Beijing in his early years and was elected to the Student Executive Committee because of his ideological progress.
After the May Thirtieth Movement, Sheng Zhongliang joined the Communist Party of China and served as secretary of the Propaganda Department of the Beijing Municipal Cpc Committee and secretary of the CPC Branch of the All-China Federation of Students.
Later, Sheng Zhongliang was wanted by the Beiyang government for participating in the revolutionary movement, and was later sent by his superiors to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union.
During his studies in the Soviet Union, Sheng Zhongliang had excellent grades and outstanding foreign language proficiency, and during his studies, he was arranged to teach political knowledge in the workers' preparatory class, and he was taught with Zhang Wentian and others.
Figure | Former site of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow
During this period, Moscow Sun Yat-sen University engaged in a so-called "party and government power" struggle, and the new president Mifu and Wang Ming, then the propaganda officer of the branch bureau of Sun Yat-sen University, and a group of people could be described as "like-minded", forming gangs and factions, and eventually forming a sectarian camp.
During this period, in order to win over Sheng Zhongliang, Wang Ming and others did not hesitate to use Li Zhusheng's wife Fang Junru to implement the "beauty plan".
This incident is clearly recorded in Li Yifan's book "Memories of the Communist Labor University of China".
Sheng Zhongliang's joining surprised Mifu and others, and he was immediately reused, and he was promoted to be a member of the branch bureau and secretary of the branch bureau of Sun Yat-sen University, responsible for the translation of texts and meetings.
Of course, there are many more stories about Sheng Zhongliang's soviet period, and due to limited space and other reasons, the author will not recount them.
After Sheng Zhongliang returned to China in 1932, he successively served as a member of the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China and the director of the Central Propaganda Department. After Li Zhusheng's arrest, he took over his post as secretary of the Shanghai Central Bureau.
At that time, Sheng Zhongliang's girlfriend was Qin Manyun.
Figure | Qin Manyun and Sheng Zhongliang
After Sheng Zhongliang was arrested and imprisoned, it is said that when faced with the interrogation of the enemy, he did not say a word, and had the posture of preferring to die unyieldingly.
Of course, if this is the case, then he will certainly become a heroic figure in the history of the Chinese revolution.
And it turns out – no!
When the enemy saw that he did not say a word, he asked Gu Shunzhang, a traitor with "great merits." Gu Shunzhang pondered for a moment, and suddenly counted his heart - using his girlfriend Qin Manyun to make Sheng Zhongliang open his mouth!
Sure enough, under the persuasion of Qin Manyun, Sheng Zhongliang compromised, and then rebelled and joined the Central Unification.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Sheng Zhongliang served as the secretary of the Special Party Department of the Chinese Nationalist Expeditionary Force in India, assisting General Zheng Dongguo in the Indian-Burmese battlefield, which can be regarded as a contribution to the War of Resistance.
Later, Sheng Zhongliang served as the ambassador of the National Government to Uruguay and the ambassador of Iraq. He moved to Taiwan in 1949 and later to the United States, where he died in 2007.
Of course, these are all for later! So, what happened to his lover Qin Manyun?
After convincing Sheng Zhongliang to defect, Qin Manyun was ordered to appear in court to correct Huang Wenjie, then secretary general of the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and others.
As a result, Huang Wenjie and others were extradited by the concession authorities to the Kuomintang Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, and then escorted to the detention center of the Kuomintang Gendarmerie Headquarters in Nanjing, during which they were tortured by the enemy in every way.
However, unlike Qin Manyun and Sheng Zhongliang, Huang Wenjie and other comrades always maintained the excellent qualities of the communists who were unyielding and resourceful in prison, and even if they were in a desperate situation, they had to fight the enemy to the end.
For example, 'Zhu Jingmei,' the propaganda director of the Shanghai Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China, who was also arrested at the time, was a relative of the same village as Chen Zhuo, then director of the Kuomintang Capital Police Department, who had written to "bail" Zhu Jingmei, but the premise was that he had to "go through the formalities."
In fact, everyone knows that this so-called "formalities" is nothing more than a routine and conspiracy of the enemy, and this shameless method can be said to be common at that time.
Zhu Jing, after reading Chen Zhuo's letter, did not show any excitement, on the contrary, he just said softly: "Live in the belly of a gentleman with the heart of a villain", and then threw the letter aside and ignored it.
Figure | Revolutionary martyr Zhu Jingmei
After that, Lei Zhen, then director of the General Affairs Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of Education, also tried to persuade Zhu Jingmei as a "fellow window", but was severely refuted by Zhu Jingmei.
Lei Zhen and Zhu Jing, who were friends when they were studying in Nagoya, Japan, had a heated debate in Japanese when they talked in the meeting room, and Lei Zhen advised him to "rehabilitate," while Zhu Jing retorted: I am not guilty of the revolution and do not need 'self-renewal' at all.
Later, the thief's immortal enemy asked Zhu Jing's wife's uncle, 'Zhao Cisheng', then the administrative inspector and security commander of the Kuomintang Zhejiang Province's Sixth District, to come to persuade and offer to bail Zhu Jing.
As a result, Zhu Jing was always unmoved, and after Zhao Cisheng left a sigh of "a very backbone person", he secretly left!
Of course, Zhu Jing was only one of them, and many of the comrades who were arrested together showed extremely firm and tenacious faith.
After Sheng Zhongliang and Qin Manyun defected, they lived a life of "hermit", that is, they were not ostentatious and acted in a low-key manner, so they were not excluded and suppressed by "liquidation" and Kuomintang agents during this period, on the contrary, their lives were quite good.
On the eve of liberation in 1949, Sheng Zhongliang and Qin Manyun fled to Taiwan, and then settled in the United States.
Although the two of them had such a humiliating history in their early years, to be fair, they did not do nothing in their later years.
In his later years, although Sheng Zhongliang lived overseas, he always paid attention to the situation of the motherland and cared about the education problems in his hometown.
Since 2000, he has set up a foundation called "Shengshi Daughters Cultural Education" in his hometown of Shimen, Hunan Province, which supports 10 primary school girls every year from the third grade of primary school to the third grade of high school.
By 2006, the foundation had sponsored 70 female students to successfully complete high school and 10 to complete university studies, with a total investment of 500,000 yuan.
As for Qin Manyun, his later life is even more "colorful"!
After moving overseas, Qin Manyun has returned to China for sightseeing many times, and was once invited to participate in the National Day viewing ceremony as a "patriotic overseas Chinese".
In 1981, Tao Siliang, the daughter of Tao Zhu, and Wang Heshou, the father of Gan, went to visit a "Chinese-American" at the Beijing Hotel.
At that time, Wang Heshou served as the executive secretary and second secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission.
However, what Tao Siliang could not understand was that the work of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission was basically irrelevant to foreigners, and what kind of Chinese-American people actually wanted the leading comrades of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission to personally visit him?
Figure | Wang Heshou
It turned out that this person was Guan Xiangying's lover and Wang Heshou's classmate at the Moscow Oriental University - Qin Manyun!
Wang Heshou roughly recounted the history of Qin Manyun to Tao Siliang, and said: In 1964, Qin Manyun and Sheng Zhongliang moved to the United States to do business, with prosperous business and rich life. On this trip back to China, she repeatedly requested the relevant departments, hoping to meet her old classmates at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.
Therefore, the organization arranged for Wang Heshou to visit, but he did not want to face this Qin Manyun with complex historical experience alone, so he took Tao Siliang, his daughter, with him.
And this meeting, let Tao Siliang unforgettable, he also wrote the details of this meeting, into the article "I and Gan Dad Wang Heshou".
On this day, Tao Siliang and his father Wang Heshou came to the Beijing Hotel, and as soon as they opened the door, a richly dressed Mrs. Kuo came into view of their father and daughter.
According to Tao Siliang recalls:
"(Qin Manyun) is 70 years old, still wearing heavy makeup, a bright silk shirt, green flared pants, pointy high heels, necklaces and earrings."
I have to say that Qin Manyun's life in his later years was indeed quite rich, just like the image of an overseas Chinese wife.
During the conversation, Qin Manyun first inquired about the whereabouts and situation of the students at The Eastern University at that time, and Wang Heshou's answer was concise and clear, but it was touching:
"Those Communists of Dongda University who have passed away are all ghosts and heroes; those who still exist in the world are also masters."
After Qin Manyun listened, he was not only ashamed and embarrassed, but also had a trance, which was very unnatural!
Of course, she should feel ashamed that when the revolution was in crisis, she did not maintain a firm revolutionary conviction like Huang Wenjie and Zhu Jingmei, but willingly degenerated, betrayed the revolution, and brought fatal harm to many comrades.
Ironically, after a brief period of shame, she told Wang Heshou about her arrest, while still trying to justify her rebellious behavior.
After that, Qin Manyun asked her ex-husband Guan Xiangying about him and expressed sadness about his death. Finally, he asked Wang Heshou in a sympathetic tone: "In the past few years, you have suffered!" ”
Who knew that Wang Heshou did not "buy it", leaning back on the sofa with a relaxed look, shaking a folding fan in his hand, smiling frankly, and replying:
"This is our own business in the party, it is nothing!"
The reason why Qin Manyun asked this question was because in the "dark" years, Wang Heshou was imprisoned for 8 years.
But Wang Heshou, whose faith is like iron and will is like steel, has no complaints, and in the face of unfair treatment, he has always firmly believed and adhered to principles.
For such a tried and tested loyal communist fighter, a proletarian revolutionary, this is really nothing. Therefore, for Qin Manyun's "care" words, he did not care at all.
So much so that after listening to Wang Heshou's answer, Qin Manyun had no words in an instant, and could only choose the way of silence to alleviate the current embarrassing situation.
In the autumn of 1986, Qin Manyun returned to the motherland again, during which he also made a special trip to Yan'an to visit the former residence of his ex-husband Guan Xiangying and visit his mausoleum.
I really don't know how she felt standing in front of the grave of the deceased, maybe guilt, maybe sadness, maybe an indescribable complex feeling.
In fact, not only Qin Manyun, but also some "special" figures during the 1980s were able to return to China for sightseeing.
In 2001, Qin Manyun died at the age of 93.
The story sees here, it should almost end, after reading Qin Manyun's story, I don't know what kind of feelings you readers have?
In the author's opinion, Qin Manyun is "too much more than the work", why?
Although Qin Manyun and her husband Sheng Zhongliang made a little contribution to the victory of the War of Resistance after being arrested and betrayed, and also gave back to the motherland in their later years, in terms of their behavior in that year, it was difficult to forgive.
Maybe they did have a special "bitterness" at that time!
But it is undeniable that without the informants of Li Zhusheng and Sheng Zhongliang, the organs of our Party would not have been so badly damaged by the enemy.
According to Mr. Xia Yan's "Lazy Search for Old Dreams", on February 19, 1935, the enemy carried out a "surprise operation" against the organs of our Party, in which the targets and organs of arrest were quite accurate, and the organs of the Central Bureau, the Organization Department, the Propaganda Department, the Cultural Committee, the Left League, and the printing plant were also attacked at the same time.
Figure | Mr. Xia Yan
So the matter is very clear, if there is no whistle-blowing of these two people, then the degree of destruction will not be so great.
And Sheng Zhongliang was plotted against by his girlfriend Qin Manyun! Qin Manyun naturally also bore greater responsibility in this incident.
Of course, the history of leisurely qingqing is only left to posterity to comment! This is only the author's family's words, and it does not represent the whole story. What do you readers think of this?