In the late winter of 1898, Zhu Ziqing was born in Donghai County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, his father's name was Hongjun, the word Xiaopo, and he was a fan of Su Dongpo at a glance (and Zheng Xipo in a TV series). He named his son "Zihua" from Su Dongpo's sentence "There is poetry and bookishness in the belly".
Zhu Zihua was three years old and literate, and moved to Yangzhou at the age of six. Yangzhou has been a prosperous place since ancient times, and the spring breeze is ten miles yangzhou road, but this prosperity is only prepared for adults, and What Zhu Zihua feels is only lonely, "lonely to a terrible extent." Every day, I read a subset of the history of the Bible, worship famous teachers, learn to write, write well, and my father rewards me with a few peanuts and rice, and if I don't write well, I will be punished. Zhu Zihua hated the smallness and weakness of Yangzhou people the most. "Stinginess" means that the gaze is like a bean, only looking at the small profits in front of the eyes; "false qi" is "making a fuss, reporting more with less", bluffing.
In 1916, Zhu Zihua was admitted to Peking University. In this year, he changed his name to Self-Qing, which is the meaning of door qing in his heart. Because the family road had declined at that time, he knew in his heart that he had to hurry up and graduate, find a job to earn money, and reduce the burden on the family. On the way to school in Beijing, the father came to send each other off, the father and son crossed the river, into the railway station, Zhu Xiaopo picked a chair for his son by the door, watched Zhu Ziqing lay out the purple coat, repeatedly told him to be careful all the way, wake up at night, do not get cold, and asked the car to take good care of the tea room.
"Daddy, you go." Zhu Ziqing said.
Zhu Xiaopo looked outside the car and said, "I'll buy a few oranges and go, you're here, don't move around." Zhu Ziqing wanted to go by himself, but his father refused and had to give up.
Zhu Xiaopo's body is quite fat, because of filial piety, his head wears a small black cloth hat, a black cloth coat, and a dark blue cloth cotton robe, which looks particularly bloated. To buy oranges, you have to cross the railway, jump down and climb up, which is not easy for Zhu Xiaopo. He staggered to the side of the railway and slowly leaned down, not too difficult, but when he crossed the railway to climb to the platform, it was troublesome. I saw him climbing up with both hands, his feet retracted again, and his fat body leaned slightly to the left, showing the appearance of effort.
Zhu Ziqing was in the carriage, looking at his back, and tears could not help but burst out of his eyes. He quickly wiped away his tears, lest his father see him sad. Zhu Xiaopo came back with the vermilion orange, Zhu Ziqing rushed to take him, and his father poured the orange on the purple coat and pounced on the dirt on the coat, feeling very relaxed. After a while, he said, "I'm gone, come over there and write a letter!" After getting out of the car and taking a few steps, he looked back at his son and said, "Go inside, there is no one inside." ”
The whistle whistled in a low voice, the wheels turned mercilessly, Zhu Ziqing stared at his father's black and depressed back, blending into the crowd of people coming and going, gradually going away, far away, and could not be found again, and his tears quietly flowed down his cheeks.
Later, Zhu Ziqing wrote down the scene of the father and son sending off, which was the famous prose "Back Shadow".
In 1921, Zhu Ziqing graduated from university and returned to Hangzhou to teach, depressed, "unable to find a smile", surrounded by "a vast mass of sorrow". In the late autumn when the cicadas broke the leaves, he wrote: The wind is blowing, the plains are reckless, the clouds and trees are vast, and the twilight is far from people's hearts. In an inexplicable and desolate melancholy, he wrote the essay "Hurry", and asked: The swallow has gone, there is a time to come again; the willow is withered, there is a time to be green again; the peach blossom is thankful, there is a time to bloom again. But, cleverly, you tell me, why are our days gone forever?
One day in the middle of the summer of 1924, Zhu Ziqing went to Shanghai to play, and in a tram, he saw a Westerner sitting opposite with a little boy, the child's cheeks were white and red, the golden eyelashes were long, and the expression was peaceful and beautiful. He felt that this foreign child was very cute, and he couldn't help but look at it a few more times. Who knew that when he arrived at the station, the child suddenly stretched out his face, his blue eyes widened, and his expression was vulgar and fierce. His eyes seemed to be saying, "Duh! Yellow people, look! You deserve to see me too! As soon as the tram stopped, the blonde boy turned triumphantly and took the adult's hand and left. Zhu Ziqing felt that this was a completely "unexpected" attack, and this sudden blow made him feel empty and oppressive, and he was not even free to breathe.
He deeply felt that when the country is weak, the people are weak.
One afternoon in the early summer of 1927, Zhu Ziqing stood in front of the window with a cigarette in his hands and pondered. Thousands of miles of sky, only a few wisps of white clouds floated, but unconsciously, the sky was more and more thickened by the black ink of the evening, and in an instant, the distant mountains and nearby trees were shrouded in a layer of smoke.
Touching the scene, he casually filled in a gap of "and Li Bai 'Bodhisattva Man'": the smoke cage is far away from the trees like a power, and the green mountains are colorless. The sun is leaning on the head of the building, and the world is darkly shocked! Half of the yellow leaves accumulate, and the crows cry urgently. Counting the itinerary, where does the hissing go?
Although the season is at the turn of spring and summer, his state of mind is already a piece of autumn.
One night in early summer, he wrote "Lotus Pond Moonlight": The night is so quiet, a round of moon slowly walking among the floating clouds. The moonlight was like flowing water, quietly pouring on the leaves and flowers, and the thin green mist floated in the lotus pond, and the leaves and flowers seemed to be washed in cow's milk, hazy like a dream. Lotus pond on all sides, far and near the height are trees, yin at first glance looks like a fog, the tree disappears faintly is a distant mountain, the tree gap leaks out of one or two lights, the tree knows a high and a low cry, the frog in the puddle under the tree clucks and responds. Listening to the noisy sound of cicadas and frog drums, I couldn't help but sigh in my heart: "The bustle is theirs, I have nothing."
Floating clouds covered the moon, and Zhu Ziqing's heart could not see the light.
In the early autumn of 1928, Zhu Ziqing's collection of essays "Back Shadow" was published and distributed. He wrote in the "Preface": I am a pawn in the big times, an ordinary person. I've written poetry, I've written novels, I've written essays. I think novels are very difficult to write, needless to say long, short, that kind of economic, strict structure, I can't learn in my life. I don't know what to do with my materials so that they get their way. Before the age of 25, I liked to write poetry, but in recent years, poetry has dried up and I have been shelving my pen for a long time. I still write a lot of prose. I intend to express myself, to do my best, to be wise, to be in the reader.
Yu Dafu praised his prose: "Zhu Ziqing's prose is full of poetry, except for Lady Bingxin, the beauty of the text, to count him." ”
Zhu Ziqing was strict with himself, took classes seriously, and changed his homework more seriously, Yu Pingbo advised him not to waste his mind in vain, because students only pay attention to grades, never carefully read the teacher's revisions and comments, and most students do not take the teacher's hard-earned articles seriously. After saying that, I took out the money, asked someone to go to the alley to buy a package of peanut rice, and came back to see that the paper wrapped in peanut rice was an essay. But Zhu Ziqing insisted on his own ideas, and he still reasoned with me. "No matter what, according to each conscience, I always advocate detailed and strict reform."
In the harsh winter of 1932, Lu Xun came from Shanghai to Beiping to visit his mother, and successively gave speeches at four universities, including Peking University, which caused a huge sensation, and the audience exceeded 1,000 per session, and all the doors and windows of the classroom were broken. When the news spread, students of the Tsinghua Chinese Department asked the department to invite Lu Xun to come to the school to give a speech, and Zhu Ziqing, the head of the department, gladly agreed. He went to No. 21 Santiao Hutong, Neixi, Fucheng Gate, to ask Lu Xun, but Lu Xun politely refused. Zhu Ziqing ran back in a hurry, wiped the sweat on his head with a handkerchief, and said to the students: "He refuses to come, probably because he has a bad impression of Tsinghua." ”
Zhu Ziqing is very slow to write, only write five hundred words a day, often change and change, never hastily publish, the manuscript is sent, if there is something wrong, immediately recovered, changed and then sent.
On the afternoon of October 19, 1936, when the snow was falling and the wind was raging, Zhu Ziqing was shocked to hear the news of Mr. Lu Xun's unfortunate death, so he wrote a letter of introduction, asked his colleagues to go to Mr. Lu Xun's home to borrow photos and manuscripts from Mrs. Zhu, carefully held a memorial service for Mr. Lu Xun, and expressed deep condolences for Lu Xun's death. On November 16, Zhu Ziqing came to Lu Xun's house to visit Madame Zhu and talked for a long time, and Madame Zhu told him a lot about Lu Xun.
On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and a student threw his pen from Rong and was about to go to the battlefield to resign. Zhu Ziqing was very excited and said passionately: "A big era is coming, and cultural people should stand up and join the camp of defending the motherland." The student asked him to inscribe a few words in a pamphlet, and without hesitation, he picked up a pen and wrote a sentence from Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong": Zhuangzhi starved of meat, laughed and talked about thirst for Xiongnu blood.
In the early winter of 1938, Zhu Ziqing gave a lecture on "literary criticism" at the Southwest United University, and in the spirit of consistent earnestness, he was by no means sloppy, and he had to rest every day after 12 o'clock at night. One day, he was eating badly and had a bad stomach, or he corrected his homework overnight. His wife urged him to rest, but he refused, saying, "I have promised to send it to the students tomorrow." The wife had no choice, had to put a toilet by the table, let him pull while changing, overnight actually pulled more than a dozen times, after dawn the face was sallow, the eye sockets were also sunken, people changed, but his face was not washed, lifted the bag and went to class. His health became worse and worse in the future, which had a lot to do with this diarrhea and staying up late to correct homework.
He told his students about the difference between Tang poetry and Song poetry: Tang poetry is mainly lyrical, Song poetry is mainly reasonable, Tang poetry is authentic with "Wind Poetry", and Song poetry is based on literature as poetry, that is, the so-called "prose culture". On the issue of "elegance and customs," Zhu Ziqing said: Ya belongs to those who are high above, and customs belong to those who are below. Because the people were in a low-level position of listening to contempt for the rulers in the past, the words "vulgar" had "shallow", "ordinary", "light", "vulgar", "vulgar"... and other bad descriptions, with "deep elegance", "elegance", "elegance", "elegance"... etc. It is not too utilitarian, not preoccupied with profits, also known as "ya"; on the contrary, it is "customary". In fact, this is also related to social status. Those who can not compete with each other and do not pay much attention to practical utilitarianism are always more senior people; and the general people at the lowest level can only be "vulgar".
Zhu Ziqing especially liked Lu Xun's essays, "A hundred readings are not tired." He thought Lu Xun's essays were short and condensed, like daggers and throwing guns. Lu Xun used the essay "On the one hand, negating, hoping, and fighting on the other." We now say that Lu Xun's essays are like daggers and gunshots, which came from Zhu Ziqing.
Although Zhu Ziqing is poor, he has a very strong backbone, he said: "Poor and poor, hard work, the world is so big, with their own skills, there is no way to open a road there?" Why do you always sigh at people's sad faces! He advocates that everything should be on their own, but do not rest on their own, from a macro point of view, the individual is minimal, "the whole human being is just a small round ball on some carbohydrates", so do not lock yourself in the "little big world", to "see far, think open, steady, yourself are a part of the era of the world, don't be disjointed to really count." How weak the power is, but it is their own. Believe in yourself, rely on yourself, do your part anytime and anywhere, do your best, make yourself interesting, every moment and every minute and every second is interesting."
In 1948, the life of the professor class had reached the point of exhaustion, and Zhu Ziqing not only had a large population in his family, but also was particularly poor, but also had a disease. To subsidize his life, he wrote many articles, but never for money. Some dignitaries invited him to dinner, but he politely refused, and a "celebrity" asked him to write a "shou preamble" at a high price, but he disdained to do such a trivial thing and contemptuously refused.
Zhu Ziqing is poor and strong, and does not fall into the ambition of Qingyun. He used the opposite meaning of the two poems of the Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin, "The sunset is infinitely good, but it is only near dusk", that is, if the sunset is infinitely good, why should we be afraid of the near dusk. Copy it down and press it under the glass pane of the desk for self-control. A classmate didn't know much after reading it and asked him if he felt old. Zhu Ziqing shook his head and smiled: "These two poems only mean positive, optimistic, and persistent in reality. ”
On August 11, 1948, Zhu Ziqing lay in a hospital bed, silently asleep with his eyes closed. The slanting sun came through the window, casting a crimson glow on his weak body, smearing a trace of blood on his pale face. He forced his eyes open, looked at the three children who were guarding the bedside with tears in their eyes, grabbed his wife sitting by the bed with trembling hands, and said word by word, intermittently: "One thing to remember, I signed the document rejecting the US aid flour, and our family will not buy American flour in the future." After saying that, he took a breath, seemed to have a heart matter, and went to sleep calmly.
The next morning, his heart stopped beating. Emperor Wenzong passed away at the age of 50, which was the year of knowing the Destiny of Heaven.
On August 18, 1949, the old man published "Farewell to Stuart Redden", which wrote: We Chinese have a backbone. Wen Yiduo shot up the case, and raised his eyebrows in anger at the Kuomintang pistol, preferring to fall down rather than give in. Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive "relief grain" from the United States. We should write many odes to Wen Yi and Zhu Ziqing, who show the heroism of our nation.
High praise.
Mr. Zhu Ziqing's prose has two major characteristics. The first is true, can write the true feelings in the heart, there is no false feelings, no disease-free moaning. The second is purity, careful words and sentences, thousands of hammers and hundreds of refinements, just a few hundred words to go through countless revisions, until there is no change. He devoted his life to prose writing, accumulated more than 30 years of merit, and is recognized by the academic community as a prose master. Wanting to read prose, Mr. Zhu Ziqing is a peak that cannot be bypassed.
This set of "Zhu Ziqing Prose Selection", hardcover genuine, printed Yamei, like friends quickly buy a set to go home to see it.
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