#众说财经: New opportunities in the era of longevity #
At present, the gap in pensions mainly exists in the gap between ordinary enterprise restructuring employees (internal retirement and buyout of employees) and monopoly state-owned enterprises and central enterprises, and in the pension gap between general enterprises and institutions and institutions. The reason for the gap is generated by China's two enterprise reforms.
The first was the reform of the pension system in the 90s, and the reform of the pension system implemented the policy of overpayment for everyone is good and beyond reproach. However, the reform has not been comprehensively promoted among all the workers and incumbents in our country, but has only implemented the pension reform of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, retained the group of organs and institutions, and still implemented the method of calculating pensions without paying contributions in proportion to wages and subsidies. And enterprises generally began to implement pension contributions, according to the actual payment index, payment years, formula to calculate the pension, because the reform in the enterprise personnel in the middle of the implementation, there is a middle person, half of the time before the reform, half of the time after the reform, until today the middle people retirement is still in progress. In addition, it must be explained that no matter what kind of population reform after the pension calculation formula should find a reference system from the design, this reference system should be no reform of the organs and institutions personnel, should be in the formula design, the reformed enterprise personnel pension calculation, relative to the organs and institutions of the same kind of personnel treatment is not reduced, this should be the bottom line. Because you can't let the people who pay the fees get less than the people who don't pay the pensions, right? However, the fact is not that, but artificial design, so that the pension of enterprises is much less than that of personnel of institutions and institutions that do not reform. The method taken, taking the people in the enterprise as an example, artificially calculates the pension before the reform of the middle person as low, obviously regarded as the same as the pension period and the career of the elderly, are the sum of the wage bonuses higher than the pure wage of the social level, but the enterprise no matter how high the level, how high the wage bonus, are calculated as the average social average wage, that is, the provision of "regarded as the index is 1", the average index is used to calculate the basic pension and the transitional pension, this average index was originally reduced by the "regard index as 1", but in the basic pension formula with "(1 + average index)/ 2 "Lower it again to calculate the base pension. The transitional livestock pension is calculated with a reduced average index to replace the old-age pension that has not been reformed by the middle people and supplemented. At the same time, the tail coefficients of these two pensions are "0.01" and "0.012~0.014", which also participate in the reduction of corporate pensions. So that the reformed enterprise pension and the pension of the elderly who have not been reformed are compared, the same kind of personnel, the same working age, the same wage base, and the same place retirement pension at the same time appear to be a double gap, which can not but be said to be the enterprise pension reform after the pension formula design of the masterpiece.
The first talked about the mystery of the formula design, and then talked about the policy gap in the actual payment of fees by enterprises. The second is the enterprise reform, that is, the reform of the enterprise system in the 2000s, which artificially caused the income gap between enterprise personnel and the gap in pension contributions. In the 2000s, domestic enterprises generally implemented institutional reform, except for 1/3 of monopoly state-owned enterprises and high-quality central enterprises, which remained unchanged, other state-owned enterprises, including collective enterprises, were successively restructured. Of course, there is no talk about the loss of state-owned assets here, and the false declaration of assets has caused the normal state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises that have not lost money to be completely restructured. What does restructuring have to do with low pensions? The restructuring of state-owned enterprises I have a special article on the restructuring of most of the retired workers in the state according to the salary of the year calculated proportionally the cumulative amount of the internal salary allocated to private enterprises, the society has to use the social level calculation of the year to allocate the private enterprises to buy pensions on behalf of private enterprises, due to the annual increase in social equal wages, they still use the salary base within the year of the restructuring to buy social security for each year, reducing the wage base of the internal retirees, reducing the original 1.5 index to 0.6 to buy, and a small number of senior workers 1.96 also reduced to 0.6 to buy. In this way, the original enterprise pension calculation formula is unfair, coupled with the deduction of the internal retirement of private enterprises to pay the actual contribution index, so that the pension is not low and low? There are also some restructuring personnel, that is, the elderly buy out the laid-off personnel, with thousands to tens of thousands of yuan to buy out their 20 to 30 years of working experience, in the pension purchase is set as a form of flexible employment personnel purchase, the overall planning and personal parts are all borne by the buyout personnel, so the index is also purchased according to the minimum 0.6. As a result, such a huge group of people in the restructuring of enterprises. It is also the vast majority of people in the enterprise, they are called the reform of the enterprise personnel. The gap between the pension of the personnel of the restructured enterprise and the elderly in the cause is 1:2 to 1:3, and the reasons for the gap have been analyzed earlier. However, 20 years later, the organ industry also carried out pension reform, but changed the enterprise formula "regarded as 1" as the high grade to determine the "deemed index", changed the low average index of the enterprise to "regard the index" to calculate the transitional pension, and used the "occupational annuity" to increase the pension of the paid-up period, in short, so that the pension of the person in the reformed business is not reduced compared to the elderly and surpassed. This is the whole reason for the gap between the retirement pensions of employees of restructured enterprises and employees of government organs and institutions.
However, where is the gap between the pension gap between the employees of the restructured enterprises and the employees of the monopoly central enterprises?
Since the provisions on the calculation of the enterprise pension reform formula are aimed at the entire enterprise, the above-mentioned enterprise calculation formula is unreasonable, which also involves the state-owned enterprises that have not been restructured by monopoly central enterprises. Because the monopoly central enterprises have monopoly policies and high-quality resources given by the state, such as electricity, tobacco, oil, etc., of course, they are good at profits, they take advantage of their own units to have money, although the formula is unreasonable, it is fatal to the restructured enterprises, and the pension is less, but the maximum number of people in the organs and undertakings does not pay more than 200% of the actual payment index for the index 2, but the monopoly enterprises are not bound by the wage base under the premise that the formula is unreasonable, and they come to their own regulations, and the upper executives of the enterprise buy 300%, Middle-level cadres buy 270%, general workers buy 150%, so that with the flower unit (state) heavy money (a person unit spends 6o ~ 8o million yuan) to buy a high index to offset the enterprise pension formula relative to the regulations of the organ and the cause is unreasonable, and then get a high pension, and in 2015 after the reform of the people in the cause in order to make the pension not to be reduced, after the implementation of the annuity subsidy, the pension originally bought a high monopoly central enterprise also issued an enterprise annuity policy, the enterprise annuity to the unit can afford to bear, so only they can enjoy the annuity treatment. Such a variety of pensions, multiple tricks, but suffering from the restructuring of the enterprise crowd, this kind of some people use pensions to get rich first is unreasonable, is not on the table to reason. Reform should make everyone rich together, should be under the same fair and reasonable conditions of competition, so how to narrow the pension gap, fair and reasonable pension calculation method should be implemented among all retirees in the enterprise organs, can not favor one over the other, only in this way can reasonably narrow the pension gap between all types of personnel. The specific scheme is as follows:
First, narrow the pension gap and implement a unified pension calculation formula
To unify the pension formula must be referred to the existing formula can only be high is not low, the enterprise formula calculates the low organ cause is not willing to get closer to the enterprise, in order to compare with the cause of the elderly treatment is not reduced, changed the formula to improve the treatment, how to do? Only by abolishing the enterprise formula and moving closer to the people in the business, using their changed formula to recalculate, and recalculating the difference to the retired personnel. Some people say that the state can't get money without taking money! Why don't people in the business move closer to the company? Should people in enterprises use unreasonable formulas to reduce pensions? The state does not take money and must artificially suppress everyone in the enterprise, and the people in the cause are high, and the only way to narrow the gap is to recalculate the pension gap by recalculating the enterprise like the career formula.
Second, when enterprises are transformed into pension gaps, they should correct the chaos and make up for the low actual payment index of the restructured enterprises caused by national policies
As mentioned above, the pension index before the restructuring is reasonable to buy according to the purchase base of the personal salary bonus for the retired personnel of the restructured enterprises, but after the internal retreat, the state entrusts them to private enterprises for trusteeship, and the index purchase is very low due to the restrictions of the private enterprises after the restructuring, and should be supplemented until the pre-restructuring purchase index. The specific method adopts the method of supplementary index calculation, and the perceived index is replaced by the grade determination of the deemed index. With regard to the paid-up index of laid-off workers who are old enough to buy out, it is necessary to re-check and convert the overall index they bear into a paid-up index to supplement them.
Third, reduce the maximum index purchase limit, reduce 300% to 200% to prevent monopoly enterprises from using state money to buy high indexes
In order to narrow the pension gap, it is necessary to adjust the maximum pension limit based on the calculation formula of the organs and undertakings, because the general maximum index of the staff of the organs is less than 300%, only 200%, which is formed by the restriction of the ratio of wages to social peace, monopoly enterprises are not restricted by wages and social peace, units have money, and there is too large a gap in the high index of random purchase, mainly caused by the index limit is too high, only by reducing 300 percent to 200 percent, will it not be possible to use public funds to buy high index chaos.
Fourth, standardize the payment of annuities so that annuities can play a role in all retirees
As we all know, as mentioned earlier, because when the pension is reformed, it is known that the enterprise formula is to lower the pension of the retired personnel, so under the premise of not changing the enterprise formula for its own use, the "deemed index is 1" is changed to the rank determination "deemed index", and the "occupational annuity" is used to supplement the annuity policy introduced due to the unreasonable enterprise formula. This policy should benefit the entire enterprise, its emergence is unreasonable formula, why can only the state fund to the organs and undertakings, while the enterprise units at their own expense, so only monopoly enterprises and capable central enterprises have it? For those who do not have units, units that are not capable or units that are unwilling to contribute capital, is this not unreasonable and unreasonable for the sake of change? The formula is unreasonable to supplement the annuity, and the annuity is unfair, is this not a new irrational reason on the way to make the unreasonable reasonable? Since you are not willing to change the reasonable formula again, I am closer to the people in your organs and institutions, they have annuity subsidies for the state to contribute 8%, all enterprises should have an annuity state contribution of 8%, do not engage in units to bear, only to make monopoly enterprises please again, because the money earned by their units is a generous policy given by the state, which is unfair. For retired employees who have been laid off from the restructuring, there must also be an annuity, because the annuity is not a bonus, but a supplement due to unfair formulas. The policy is that the annuity set by the state should be reissued by the state.
In summary, for retired and non-retired Chinese and newcomers, there is a pension gap between enterprises, between ordinary restructured enterprises and unreformed monopoly enterprises, and the reason for the gap is caused by reform and unfair policy formulation. Therefore, after 30 years of experience, some people take a very high pension, while the other part of the pension is very low, especially the disparity in the family income of the enterprise staff of the dual workers is too large, the laid-off personnel of the dual workers cannot be maintained, and the pensions of the families of the monopoly enterprises and institutions of the dual workers cannot be used up. This kind of people who get rich first should take the reinvention of the enterprises to retire and then get rich, and then achieve common prosperity, which is a necessity of today's situation.
