Talk about the pension generation of the elderly, middle-aged people, new people and flexible employment personnel and whether the gap can be eliminated

#众说财经: New opportunities in the era of longevity #

China's pension before the reform was called retirement wages, as the name suggests, the treatment paid after retirement of public employees with jobs in government institutions, public institutions, enterprises and units is called retirement wages, which is a continuation of wages when in office. The pension is the pension cost that everyone uses to maintain their lives after reaching the retirement age after the reform. The results of the use of funds are the same, but the source of funds and the scope of the population targeted are different. Specifically, pensions and pensions are used for retirement life, but in the past, pensions were only available to employees, and freelancers and non-workers were not. In the past, the staff area was very narrow, including only regular employees of state organs, public institutions, urban state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises. There are no pensions for temporary workers, farmers, freelancers, and city dwellers. Now that private enterprise workers and migrant workers have been reborn, there was no such group and there was no pension at that time. Therefore, the pension before the reform was limited to the official employees of the organs, the state, and the collective. Because the country was in the stage of economic recovery and construction after liberation at that time, the implementation of low-income and high accumulation, the staff and workers laid the foundation for the national infrastructure construction, low wages were implemented when they were in office, and low pensions were implemented after retirement. Pensions are calculated according to the level of salary. At that time, the wages of the low-level workers were more than 30 yuan, and the upper-level and even the central cadres were only more than 200 yuan. The professional and technical personnel and workers of government agencies, undertakings, and enterprises are also paid according to the technical level. After retirement, pensions are calculated proportionally according to the pre-retirement salary, for example, the total income of the active salary (35 years of service) multiplied by 90% is your retirement salary. This method continued until the reform of the corporate pension system in the 1990s, while the reform of institutions and institutions continued until October 2014. Before the reform, retirees were called "old people" in both enterprises and undertakings, and the pension calculation method was called "old way for the elderly". After the reform, the employees who participated in the work were called "newcomers", and after retirement, they received pensions according to the amount of pension insurance premiums. The newcomer's pension is a retirement living expense that needs to be paid. Employees and social flexible employees and the general social population can participate in the social insurance of employees, and the pension is calculated according to the amount of the payment index and the length of the payment period, so as to reflect the policy of paying more and paying more. "Newcomers" in addition to employees, other personnel are called flexible employment personnel, employees "newcomers" include government institutions, state-owned enterprises, private enterprises employees, the overall payment of employees to 16% of the payment base by the unit to bear, individuals only pay 8% into the personal account, the funds borne by individuals. The 12% pooled contribution and 8% of the individual contributions of flexible employees are borne by the individual, and only 8% are credited to the personal account. The two types of newcomers here, namely the new workers and the new people with flexible employment, although they have implemented the policy of overpayment and more gain, but the meaning is different, the former bears less contribution ratio, obtains a high index, and pensions, while the latter bears a high proportion, the same amount of individual contributions, and obtains less index and less pension, because one unit pays the overall plan, while the other does not have the unit to pay the overall plan. This is the difference between the contribution of pensions from employees to socialized flexible employment.

There is also a period of retirees among employees, this group of people currently dominates, but also retired and preparing to retire, they are neither the elderly nor newcomers, but before the pension reform to participate in the work, after the reform of retirement, commonly known as "middle people". The middle person has a period of working experience that is in the same period of non-reform as the elderly, and their retirement benefits should be the same as that of the elderly, but the calculation method is different. They also did not pay during the working hours before the reform, but they used the same number of years and the same contribution index to calculate the pension, which is the same as the old people should calculate the results, but there is a difference between the enterprise and the undertaking in the determination of the same index, so the transitional pension is very different. The other period of work, that is, the number of years after the reform, should be paid in the same way as the new person, calculated with the same formula, and implemented the policy of overpaying and getting more, of course, this overpayment is different from the flexible employment personnel, and it is also the unit staff and workers who jointly pay more and get more. In short, there is a gap between the calculation of the formula of the organ and the enterprise among the employees. There is a gap between the calculation of employee pensions and flexible employment. These are some of the problems left over from history. To implement the real sense of individuals pay more than long pay more, different units, different groups of people is difficult to implement fair and just, only after the future pension calculation formula is unified, pension methods are further improved, the middle people with time fades, the future is completely new people, employees have an annuity, in the staff will be fair. However, there will always be a gap between flexible employment and the comparison of employees.