In the summer of 1954, outside a wooden house in California, USA, an old man in his old age was struggling to clean up, like a depressed and shabby scene. But what everyone doesn't know is that this old man who was so embarrassed was once a "big man" who also stirred up the whole of China in those years.
The old man had many thunderous identities, he was the president of the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang and the first mayor of Guangzhou, but in addition to these identities, he also had a well-known identity - the son of Sun Yat-sen, the father of the country.
Sun Ke
Yes, this impressive old man is Sun Ke, the only son of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Since the defeat of the Kuomintang, he has been living a life of upheaval and displacement, which can't help but make many people wonder.
As a minister of the Kuomintang, why didn't Sun Ke go to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek? As the leader of the Kuomintang who had been in a high position for many years, why did Sun Ke fall to such a miserable point in his later years? Should he be said to be self-inflicted or self-indulgent? All this also begins with Sun Ke's early experience. Today, the director will take everyone into the story between Sun Ke and the Kuomintang. Interested friends may wish to pay attention to the historical curiosity, which is convenient for reviewing the wonderful past periods and will not miss the latest content.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > "Adou" who could not be supported and almost lost his life at the hands of his father</h1>
Chiang Kai-shek once commented on Sun Ke in his diary: "He is the 'Ah Dou' who cannot be supported, the premier's unworthy descendant, who has misled the party and the country!" "Many people only know that Sun Ke is sun Yat-sen's only son, but few people know that Sun Ke was almost shot by his father Sun Yat-sen for making a mistake.
Chiang Kai-shek
When Sun Ke was born, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was running around to overthrow the imperial system and overthrow feudal society. But for his first child, and the only son, Dr. Sun Yat-sen invested the most energy in Sun Ke and had the highest expectations for him.
Since the age of 4, Sun Ke began to settle in the United States, although Mr. Sun Yat-sen has been busy for the revolution, but for Sun Ke's education and guidance has never slackened, has been urging him to develop a good habit of loving reading, but also let him "cultivate the haoran qi, read useful books" as the motto.
Under the influence of his father, Sun Ke joined the League at the age of 16 and became the youngest member of the League at that time. With a wealth of knowledge reserves, Sun Ke soon became the editor-in-chief of magazines such as "Liberty New Daily" and "Loud Weekly", but even so, every time Sun Yat-sen wrote to Sun Ke, he would still constantly remind him to read more.
Sun Yat-sen
At the age of 26, after graduating from Columbia University, Sun Ke resolutely returned to China and officially embarked on his own revolutionary road. As the only son of Sun Yat-sen and a highly qualified student studying abroad, Sun Ke's revolutionary starting point was very high, and he served as the secretary of the Grand Marshal's Office as soon as he joined the revolution.
For his own son, Sun Yat-sen can be said to have high expectations, he not only often personally taught Management Skills to Sun Ke, but also provided Sun Ke with various opportunities for practice. But as the saying goes, the higher the expectation, the greater the disappointment.
Sun Yat-sen and Sun Ke
In 1921, Sun Ke was recommended to serve as the first mayor of Guangzhou, and the person who recommended him was Liao Zhongkai, and the reason for recommending him was that Sun Ke had done in-depth research on municipal management in the United States, and had also published publications related to urban planning, and it was very suitable to be the first mayor of Guangzhou. Just as Sun Yat-sen was preparing to see his son show his skills, Sun Ke made Sun Yat-sen furious because of a small mistake, and even almost shot him personally.
In 1923, Sun Ke, then the mayor of Guangzhou, was ordered by his father to raise military salaries in the local area, but in the end he did not complete the task, and he was also severely criticized by Sun Yat-sen. Sun Ke later learned that this incident was originally a small report by Hu Hanmin, an elder of the Kuomintang, which made Sun Ke angry.
Hu Hanmin
At that time, Hu Hanmin was the general counselor of the army marshal base camp, and Sun Ke was always dissatisfied with this person. Sun Ke believes that after he is a famous person, both his birth and education are far higher than Hu Hanmin, but why is such a guy who "does not learn and has no skills" have more power than himself?
The more Sun Ke, who had no overall view, wanted to be dissatisfied with Hu Hanmin, the more he finally hit Hu Hanmin hard with his usual cane. When Sun Yat-sen heard that his son had beaten Hu Hanmin, he immediately became furious, and later took the matching gun from the guards, threatening to shoot this indisputable son, but fortunately he was stopped in time by the guards who reacted quickly, and Sun Ke escaped the disaster.
In addition to not having the concept of the overall situation and not knowing how to buy people's hearts, Sun Ke is also very abusive. Sun Ke not only cheated in marriage, but also had two wives at the same time, which was completely contrary to the monogamy in the Republic of China Law promoted by Sun Yat-sen, which is no wonder that Dr. Sun Yat-sen was greatly disappointed, and it is no wonder that he was called "an unaffordable Ah Dou" by Chiang Kai-shek.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > repeatedly opposed To Chiang Kai-shek and is still reused by old Chiang</h1>
It is often said that without Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang would probably have been Sun Ke, and there would have been no civil war in our country at all. Perhaps it was convinced of this that Sun Ke became the most dissatisfied person in the Kuomintang ranks with Chiang Kai-shek.
Hu Hanmin once made such a sharp evaluation of Sun Ke: "Because he is a descendant of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, he has a revolutionary temper; because he grew up in the United States, he still has the temper of a foreigner; and because he is the only son of the Sun family, he also has the temper of a young master." He would lose his temper from time to time, sometimes one, sometimes two, and even sometimes three. It is also this immature and emotional personality that has created Sun Ke's extremely unstable political stance.
In 1925, Dr. Sun Yat-sen died suddenly, and Chiang Kai-shek soon seized the political and military power of the Kuomintang. In order to realize his own dictatorship within the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek put Hu Hanmin, then president of the Legislative Yuan, under house arrest on trumped-up charges.
Although Sun Ke also wanted to raise the banner of overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek, he knew very well in his heart that he had no real power in his hands and was weak, and if he wanted to oppose Chiang Kai-shek, he must get the support of one person, and this person was Wang Jingwei.
Wang Jingwei
After Sun Yat-sen's death, Sun Ke had been deliberately staying away from party strife, but he had close ties with various factions in private, and had good relations with many prestigious Kuomintang figures, and the only one who had the ability to confront Chiang Kai-shek was Wang Jingwei.
Thanks to Sun Ke's efforts, Wang Jingwei quickly expressed his support for his anti-Chiang kai-shek wishes, and then Sun Ke immediately published an article entitled "An Important Declaration for Hu Hanmin's Imprisonment", officially embarking on the road of overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek.
In May 1931, Sun Ke and Wang Jingwei together established the Kuomintang Guangzhou government and began a head-on confrontation with Chiang Kai-shek. Sun Ke openly appealed within the Kuomintang: "Chiang Kai-shek is a plague rat, and we must join hands to eradicate him." However, less than a month after the establishment of the Guangzhou government, it completely collapsed due to financial problems, and what was even more surprising was that Sun Ke soon returned to Chiang Kai-shek's camp.
The reason why Chiang Kai-shek was willing to accept Sun Ke was not only because he was the son of Sun Yat-sen, but also had something to do with his ability. In the early days of the establishment of the Kuomintang, Sun Ke made no small contribution to the improvement of the management system. During his tenure as mayor of Guangzhou, he made clear provisions on the government's division of labor.
At Sun Ke's suggestion, the government of the Republic of China successively established a number of functional departments such as public security, public works, finance, education, and public health, so that the later operation of the Kuomintang was smoother.
At Sun Ke's suggestion, the Republic of China also established a five-chamber system, with the Legislative Yuan, the Control Yuan, the Executive Yuan, the Judicial Yuan, and the Examination Yuan, establishing the earliest institutional system for the Republic of China.
In addition to his political and managerial talents, Sun Ke was also very talented in business and economics, and he founded China's earliest civil aviation company. Due to the backward development of China's civil aviation industry at that time, almost ninety percent of the civil aviation companies were in the hands of the Americans. In order to break the monopoly, Sun Ke purchased four civil aircraft from the United States on credit, and in this way, China's first civil aviation company was officially established.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was extremely dissatisfied with Sun Ke's previous words and deeds against himself, he attached great importance to Sun Ke's ability, coupled with Sun Ke's special identity, so Chiang Kai-shek, who had always been a small belly, decided to slowly influence Sun Ke.
Although he has been doing things for Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Ke's dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai-shek in his heart has never stopped, but he had neither real power nor connections at that time, so he could only swallow his anger all the time, and finally waited until 1949, Sun Ke once again saw a good opportunity to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek, and this time, Sun Ke also achieved a small success.
At the end of 1948, after Sun Ke was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the president of the Executive Yuan, he immediately began to take measures to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down, proposing peace talks with the Chinese Communists and seeking "glorious peace" in an attempt to save the rule of the Kuomintang.
Under the pressure of Sun Ke, Chiang Kai-shek announced his retirement on January 21, 1949, and it is well known that Chiang Kai-shek was forced to go to the field by the Gui clan, but it is not known that there is also Sun Ke's "credit" in this.
Sun Ke and Li Zongren
After the Battle of the Crossing River, the Kuomintang troops were completely defeated, and Chiang Kai-shek was forced to flee to Taiwan. As the only son of Sun Yat-sen and a minister of the Kuomintang, Sun Ke very clearly refused when Chiang Kai-shek invited him to go to Taiwan with him.
Sun Ke knew very well that Chiang Kai-shek was a man with a blind eye and a rat's belly and a chicken intestine; he had participated in leading the "activities to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek" twice in recent years; although Chiang Kai-shek did not say it on the surface, he must have hated himself to the bone in his heart, and if he really went to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, it was difficult to guarantee that there would be a good end.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="53" > a miserable old age and a happy ending</h1>
Chiang Kai-shek's retreat to Taiwan and the victory of the Communist Party brought a long-lost peace to the whole of China and a long-awaited stable life to countless Chinese, but for Sun Ke, his other calamity had just begun.
In February 1949, after Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, Sun Ke was quickly ostracized by both gui and Chiang Kai-shek, and in desperation, Sun Ke resigned from all positions within the Kuomintang on March 8. In order to stay away from the war, and even more to stay away from the cold eyes of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Ke moved to Hong Kong with his wife and settled down.
Originally thought that he could live a quiet and quiet life in Hong Kong, but he did not expect that all of Sun Ke's fantasies were soon shattered. During his time in Hong Kong, there were often wandering Kuomintang people who came to visit, some people just came to visit, but some people came to borrow money from him, and in this case, Sun Ke would generally help.
Although Sun Ke has been in a high position for many years, and is the only son of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but he "does not store private wealth", his savings are also very limited, after several times of generous donations, his life has also fallen into a difficult situation, in order to find another clean, Sun Ke decided to take his wife to live abroad.
Although he was ready to go abroad, Sun Ke found that the couple did not even have the entanglement of travel, and in desperation, Sun Ke had to sell the property.
Sun Ke and his wife
After going abroad, Sun Ke and his wife first stayed in France for a year, and then moved to the United States because of limited funds. After arriving in the United States, Sun Ke often had physical problems, at first he always thought that he was not satisfied with the soil and water, and later after a physical examination, he found that he suffered from duodenal ulcers and high blood pressure and other physical diseases.
Later, Sun Ke's younger son moved to the United States, and in this way, the family began to rent a dilapidated house. A Taiwanese scholar once described Sun Ke's residence in the United States this way: "The house he lived in was all made of wooden planks, and the wind blew away, and the house had no name, like a 'matchbox.'" ”
A Chinese neighbor of Sun Ke in the United States said: "It is often seen that Sun Ke is cleaning the room with a mop and a vacuum cleaner, and in order to save money, Sun Ke will also grow his own vegetables." ”
Who would have thought that a former high-ranking Kuomintang official would live in a dilapidated bungalow in his later years, with no carpets, no servants, and any household chores that needed to be done by himself. Such a powerful figure ended up so desolate.
If Sun Ke is the biggest difference from other old people, it is that he still loves to read in his old age, even in the wooden house, there are still books that Sun Ke likes everywhere. Perhaps in Sun Ke's view, his situation is not bleak, after all, he has a spiritual world richer than anyone.
In 1965, Sun Ke again received an invitation from Chiang Kai-shek to return to Taiwan, but this time, Sun Ke did not refuse. On the second day after returning to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek could not wait to receive Sun Ke, and after 16 years of meeting, both of them were already full of white hair, and time had long since diluted the grudge in the hearts of the two.
In this life, Sun Ke has made too many choices, some of which are right and wrong, but it is certain that he has indeed made non-negligible contributions to the Chinese nation in this life. Although Sun Ke's political career was not a success, his personality charm and spiritual beliefs are always worth learning.
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