Editor's note: Under the pressure of the epidemic, the production and sales of new energy vehicles are still "thriving". "In the first quarter of this year, the mainland's new energy vehicles continued the rapid growth momentum, and have now promoted a total of 10.33 million vehicles, becoming an important force leading the electrification transformation of the global automotive industry." On April 19, the spokesman of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Luo Junjie, said at a press conference, which was heartening.
In the case of the increasing number of new energy vehicles, the safety of new energy vehicles has attracted much attention. On March 29, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Emergency Management, the State Administration of Market Regulation and other five departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of the Safety System of New Energy Vehicle Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which put forward clear requirements for the construction of the safety system of new energy vehicle-related enterprises.
"Opinions" is the safety program of industrial development, this newspaper has invited a number of industry experts to interpret in detail, see the "New Deal for the Construction of New Energy Vehicle Safety System Released!" Positive response from the industry and enterprises (including 9 expert interpretations).
As the main body of practicing the "Opinions", what actions and ideas do car companies have in the construction of the safety system, which are highlighted in this article.
Car suppliers actively layout
Build a strong battery safety defense line
According to data released by the State Administration of Market Regulation, a total of 59 domestic new energy vehicle recalls in 2021, an increase of 31.1% year-on-year; 830,000 vehicles were involved, including power batteries, accounting for 52.5% of the defect clues of new energy vehicles.
It can be seen that improving the safety level of power batteries is crucial to the safety of new energy vehicles. "Safety and stability are the fundamental prerequisites for product development and technology research and development of WM Motors." Shen Hui, founder, chairman and CEO of WM Motor, said in an interview with China Automotive News that in terms of battery safety, WM Motor has the ability of independent research and development and independent production of battery packs, and continuously improves the ability of battery safety management according to the requirements of the "Opinions". At present, the latest data shows that the battery pack of WM Automobile can meet the IP68 waterproof and dustproof standards, and can withstand 16 harsh physical tests such as 1 meter deep sea immersion and 70-second fire. In addition, the measured extrusion force of the WM car battery pack reached 100kN, and even if two Asian elephants stepped on it, it would not be deformed.
At the same time, WM Motor has also developed its own battery management system (BMS) to monitor the battery in real time and dynamically manage the parameters according to the collected information, which can effectively manage and extend the service life of the battery. The control strategy is to strictly monitor and protect the battery overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent and other scenarios, so as to avoid the damage caused to the battery due to improper use or unfavorable working environment to the greatest extent.
The "Opinions" proposes that enterprises should actively carry out design collaboration with power battery suppliers, continue to optimize the safety matching and thermal management strategy between the whole vehicle and the power battery, clarify the safety boundary of the use of power batteries, and improve the safety protection ability of power batteries in collision, vibration, extrusion, water immersion, charging and discharging abnormalities. Encourage enterprises to study the application of thermal runaway real-time monitoring and early warning devices and early suppression and fire extinguishing measures.
The relevant requirements are being implemented at the enterprise level. "The Opinions pointed out that it is necessary to improve the safety level of power batteries, and put forward measures for typical user scenarios, and further put forward specific requirements for product safety design." Yuan Wenjing, director of the Battery Engineering Department of the Sandian Center of the Research Institute of BAIC Group, said that in addition to meeting the national standard in terms of battery safety testing, BAIC Group has also enriched and tightened the scene. For example, for collision conditions, the battery system can still work normally under the impact corresponding to the 5-star collision of the whole vehicle. And the first to use the power battery system static ball strike, dynamic bottom impact and vehicle with the bottom test of a variety of working conditions to simulate the bottom of the bottom, scraping bottom scenes encountered by users, in order to verify the ability of the bottom of the battery to resist mechanical impact. In terms of water immersion, the standard requirements of IPX8 are adopted, which is longer than the 30 minutes of immersion in water required by the national standard, and the sealing performance of the battery is more stringent. In terms of battery life cycle safety and reliability evaluation capacity building, BAIC Group has also deployed in advance, requiring serial high temperature, high humidity environment test, mechanical reliability and durability test, IP protection test on the same sample, simulating and superimposing multiple extremely harsh working conditions, and the user scenario coverage is higher than the industry level.
Among the vehicle companies, there are many self-developed power batteries, which are also accelerating the implementation of the requirements of the "Opinions". "Since last year, GAC Aeon has successively released the safety technology of the magazine battery system and its needle prick test results, and these excellent performances are the results of strengthening the construction of the safety system." Yue Shen, an engineer at GAC Ean, introduced to the reporter of China Automotive News that under the escort of this safety system, the magazine battery technology has continued to develop and become an intelligent security technology with software and hardware integration and ultra-high defense capabilities. Among them, one is the ultra-high heat-resistant stable battery cell, through the special electrolyte additive, when heated to more than 120 ° C, the polymer film with high impedance characteristics is spontaneously polymerized on the surface of the active material, which greatly reduces the heat production of the thermal runaway reaction, which increases the heat-resistant temperature of the battery cell by 30%; the second is the ultra-strong thermal insulation battery safety chamber, which can realize the thermal runaway of the battery cell without spreading to adjacent cells, and at the same time, the shell body on the battery pack can withstand temperature of more than 1400 °C, thereby effectively protecting the battery pack; the third is the extremely fast cooling and cooling system. Through the design of the fully bonded liquid cooling system, high-speed heat dissipation channel, and high-precision thermal conduction path, the magazine battery has achieved a 40% increase in heat dissipation area and a 30% increase in heat dissipation efficiency, effectively preventing heat spread; fourth, full-time control of the fifth-generation battery management system. It can achieve 10 times of 24/7 data acquisition per second, which is 100 times higher than the previous generation system, and when an abnormality is found, the battery speed cooling system is immediately activated to cool the battery.
Suppliers that provide power batteries for vehicle companies are also actively implementing the requirements of the "Opinions". "The "Opinions" require more clarity, to provide power batteries to vehicle companies, although high energy density, long cycle, low cost is the direction, but the premise must be safe." Xu Xingwu, executive vice president of Guoxuan High-tech Industry and Research Institute, told China Automotive News that Guoxuan Hi-Tech is improving battery safety from many aspects. On the one hand, the level of innovative process, independent development of "from the core to the module" (JTM) new technology, in the case of ensuring battery safety, the manufacturing process has the characteristics of low cost, process simplification, easy to form standardization, etc., can be widely used in volkswagen MEB and other electric vehicle platforms; on the other hand, reduce the amount of cobalt, cobalt is both conducive to structural stability, but also has good conductivity and other characteristics, due to the high price of materials, cobalt can be reduced to 1% level, basically can maintain the battery performance unchanged. In addition, Guoxuan Hi-Tech is also studying the technology of increasing the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries with relatively stable performance.
"The requirements of the Opinions are timely, and we are actively implementing them in practical work." Fan Wenguang, vice president of Shenzhen BAK Power Battery Co., Ltd., said in an interview with The China Automobile News reporter that BAK batteries are laying out new products such as 4680 large cylindrical batteries, and the safety limit of large cylindrical batteries developed by BAK batteries is very high, and the performance indicators in all aspects are also relatively balanced. At present, the BAK 4680 battery is in the process of advancing from design verification to engineering verification. At present, when car companies choose power batteries, from development to mass production and landing, there are very strict verifications, so BAK batteries do not pursue fast and more pursuit of safety and stability when promoting 4680 batteries. AFTER a full year of design testing in 2021, BAK Battery is currently in the process of batch delivery of prototypes, and the performance verification results show that the product meets or even exceeds expectations. "The better security OF THE BIK 4680 battery will achieve mass production in the second half of the year, and the large cylindrical battery will dominate the mid- and high-end market from 2025 to 2030." He said.
Strengthen data security
Car companies improve the level of protection
Nowadays, a smart electric vehicle can generate terabytes of massive data every day, including not only the facial expressions, movements, eyes, and voice data of the driver and occupants, but also the geographical location of the vehicle, the environment inside and outside the vehicle, and the data on the use of the Internet of Vehicles. In recent years, smart electric vehicles have been frequently attacked by hackers, and the issue of network information security is not optimistic. The data shows that in the past 5 years, the number of hacking of smart cars has increased by 20 times, of which 27.6% of the attacks involved vehicle control.
The "Opinions" put forward that it is necessary to improve the network security guarantee system, strengthen network security protection, strengthen data security protection, and implement personal information security protection.
Implementing the requirements of the Opinions at the enterprise level is the basis for building an automotive network security guarantee system. "What the Opinions point out is very targeted." Yue Shen said that GAC Aeon attaches great importance to the construction of automotive network security capabilities and data security capabilities, and has carried out hierarchical protection evaluation and certification for car owners' Apps and car networking platforms, and strictly controlled technical means and management means in accordance with the standards and requirements of graded protection to ensure that user data is protected in all aspects of collection, transmission, storage and use. One of the more unique practices is that after GAC Aean auto users sell and transfer their vehicles, the data of the original owners will not be open to the new owners. If the original owner wishes to hide his driving data, he can give feedback through customer service in the GAC E-An App. "The difficulty of protecting the privacy of car owners and data leakage is how to strike a balance between protecting personal information and providing personalized and convenient services." Yue Shen said that the current measures formulated according to the requirements of the "Opinions" are that before obtaining user privacy data, users need to inform users of the purpose and purpose of collecting data, so that users can choose whether to provide it; enterprises strengthen data protection capabilities to avoid user data leakage to the greatest extent; and provide channels where users can notify enterprises at any time to hide their own private data.
Different auto companies, although the specific practices are different, but the goals are the same. "With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles, car information security has received more and more attention, and many users are worried that after the mobile phone is connected to the Internet of Vehicles, whether the information will leak, and what to do if the car smart lock is cracked." The "Opinions" call for the establishment of a security guarantee system, which is of great practical significance. In the view of Shao Jie, chief technology officer of SAIC-GM-Wuling Technology Center, in the face of these new problems, SAIC-GM-Wuling has always adhered to the investment in the safety technology of the Internet of Vehicles, and regarded safety as one of the bottom lines of intelligent electric power. SAIC-GM-Wuling continues to carry out various forward-looking technology tests such as 5G remote driving, simulated driving, and C-V2X, forging an intelligent electric vehicle information security assurance system in an all-round way, playing a "preventive shot" before risks occur, eliminating various hidden dangers, and ensuring user privacy and security.
The new forces of car manufacturing that are accelerating on the intelligent, networked and electrified tracks have a deeper understanding of this. "The requirements of the Opinions are very pragmatic and provide a basis for automobile companies to build a safety system." Shen Hui said that WM Motors attaches great importance to data security at the software level, actively consolidates the overall safety design and manufacturing of the car, enhances the reliability of automatic driving, ensures the safety of on-board data, improves the comfort of the intelligent cockpit, provides personalized customized after-sales service, and maintains the whole process of communication channels with the regulatory authorities to provide users with a safer car ownership experience. For car companies, the data contributed by the majority of users is one of the most valuable assets, so as a car company, it also attaches great importance to data security. WM Motors attaches great importance to the construction of vehicle network security, from the car side, cloud, communication end and industrial Internet end four aspects, independently set up a set of financial level security protection strategy, and to achieve real-time dynamic updates, improve the security level, in such a defense system, no one can obtain or leak user data without authorization.
Network security, data security, and information security have become the hot spots that smart electric vehicle users are most concerned about. "To this end, in accordance with the requirements of the Opinions, we upload the vehicle operation data in strict accordance with the Technical Specification for The Remote Service and Management System for Electric Vehicles (GB/T 32960) and ensure the timeliness, validity and integrity of the uploaded data. Comprehensively ensure that the platform functions are perfect, the operation management is strict, and the operation and response are guaranteed. Wang Xing, an engineer at Jinkang Xilis Automobile Co., Ltd., said that among them, the M5 was the first in the industry to carry the intelligent cockpit of The HarmonyOS system, inheriting the reliable security capabilities of the Hongmeng system, which can ensure the privacy and security of the vehicle system, applications and services, and prevent privacy leakage, illegal intrusion, unauthorized use and other behaviors. This set of operating logic has been proven on Huawei mobile phones known for its security, ensuring that authorized users and devices use the correct data to build a safer and purer driving world.
More and more car companies are building a safety and security system in accordance with the guidelines of the Opinions. "At present, Lantu Automobile has also continued to build a data security system in accordance with the Opinions and related laws and regulations and industry standards, established a data security organization and clarified the responsibilities of personnel, and formulated a data security management system." According to the relevant person in charge of Lantu Automobile, Lantu Automobile has deployed intrusion detection systems, anti-virus and other software to protect the security of the host on the data storage server, and some systems involving sensitive personal information have implemented data masking processing for sensitive data; at the same time, the data transmission data transmitted by the dedicated APN channel is used to achieve data network isolation, and self-built keys are used to encrypt and verify the integrity of the data transmission; and firewalls, situational awareness and other equipment are deployed at the network boundary to monitor and block network attacks; certificates, encryption, Techniques such as code obfuscation protect automotive client data. "As a brand new brand, Lantu Automobile's data security system is still being continuously improved, and in the future, Lantu Automobile plans to build a data security level inspection system, a data security audit system and a data security center." The person in charge said.
Promote the healthy development of the industry
The construction of the security system has become a new competitiveness
In fact, in addition to the above-mentioned key deployments, the "Opinions" also put forward more comprehensive guidance on improving the safety management mechanism, ensuring product quality and safety, improving the efficiency of the monitoring platform, optimizing the after-sales service capabilities, and strengthening the handling of accident response.
The "Opinions" proposes that to standardize the safety design of automotive products, enterprises should formulate product safety design guidance documents, and continue to revise and improve according to the safety issues exposed by the vehicles sold. The safety design guidance document can be subdivided into vehicle level, system level, part level, including but not limited to vehicle functional safety, power battery safety, use and control safety, charge and replacement safety, fire safety, network security, etc.
Many companies agree with this. "We have always paid attention to the design of the safety specifications of the whole vehicle." Shen Hui said that in terms of body safety, WM has obtained a five-star evaluation for the 2019 C-NCAP crash test, thanks to the super rigidity of WM Motors. Among them, the outer side of the WM EX5 vehicle sill is made of 1500Mpa thermoformed steel, the inner side is made of 1200Mpa ultra-high-strength roll-pressed steel and 800Mpa high-strength steel plate, and the battery pack is also wrapped in a DP780 high-strength steel shell, which is heavily armored and protected, which truly guarantees the safety of the user's car. In terms of active safety, WM W6 is equipped with a new active brake stabilization safety system - Bosch 9.3 version of the body stabilization system (ESP), which makes the braking more agile. At the same time, the quad-core processor can achieve milliseconds to resolve potential dangers and respond quickly. Moreover, the Iboster electronic assist brake equipped with the WM W6 can achieve a braking distance of less than 38 meters, which can effectively reduce or avoid risks. Not only that, WM W6 also attaches great importance to pedestrian protection. When the speed of the W6 is 4 to 64 kilometers per hour, its automatic emergency braking system (AEB) can predict the emergency situation in driving, even if the driver does not respond in time, the vehicle can automatically emergency brake. In addition, the WM W6 also protects pedestrian safety in the event of a collision by optimizing the structure and stiffness of the front hood and bumper.
For the construction of the safety system of vehicle enterprises, it has become a conscious action of more and more car companies. "GAC Aean's vehicle safety guarantee system is constantly improving." Yue Shen said that on the one hand, the steel and aluminum body has both safety and lightweight, GAC Aeon has the world's leading steel and aluminum body flexible factory, using a reasonable structural design, can achieve an effective combination of safety and lightweight, and GAC Aean uses pure electric platform to help improve the wheelbase, and the "three-in-one" motor layout can effectively reduce the front cabin space, the overall increase in the cockpit and luggage compartment space, so that the bottom plate layout is very flat, give full play to the power layout and lightweight advantages, improve safety.
Wang Xing introduced that Jinkang Cyrus pursues the ultimate in the design of vehicle safety performance of new energy vehicles. Among them, the M5 adopts an all-aluminum alloy chassis to reduce the roll gradient, making the vehicle have ultra-high stability and safety. The stiffness and strength of the chassis is also better than that of the traditional steel chassis, and the chassis is more corrosion-resistant, thereby effectively extending the life of the chassis components and improving the durability. The M5 Elk test score is as high as 75km/h, which is comparable to or even better than some luxury cars. At the same time, the M5 adopts the front double wishbone and rear multi-link independent suspension, which is the same as the suspension structure of many supercars, in line with its sporty temperament. In terms of suspension materials, aluminum alloy is used to help the body reduce the degree of roll when cornering, as well as increase the toughness of the suspension, which significantly improves the stability, adaptability and safety of the vehicle in the intense driving.
BYD, which firmly follows the route of new energy vehicles, has its own experience in the construction of automotive safety systems. "Regarding the construction of the security system pointed out in the Opinions, BYD has formed a complete set of standards, that is, the 'LACU Strategy'." The head of the relevant department of BYD said in an interview with reporters that LACU said that the industry leadership, industry leadership, competitiveness in the industry, and non-competitiveness in the industry. In this system, in the initial stage of product design, engineers will define the performance of the vehicle according to the standard, and the main indicators are split into more than a dozen. Bydir Han's expected definition is the "L" level that represents the industry's leadership position, which is BYD's top safety standard, and safety is the first.
At the same time, BYD has carried out a large number of simulation designs for the safety of new energy vehicles, and simulated the passive safety of vehicles, systems, subsystems and components in the event of collision through mathematical models, as the first step to improve safety performance, and continuously optimized according to the problems exposed in the test. Under the support of the safety system, in terms of body rigidity, Han adopts a high-safety body, of which 43 are used for high-grade thermoformed steel, and 97 kg of in-white hot-formed steel is used. In terms of handling safety, the "Distributed Traction Control System" (dTCS), jointly developed by BYD and Bosch, can instantly minimize tire slippage and improve the safety performance of vehicles on low-adhesion roads such as ice and snow. In addition, the blade battery also carried out BYD's high-standard vehicle crash test, and after a huge safety system of "thousands of hammers and hundreds of exercises", it can be cultivated into a top-level safe new energy vehicle.
At present, more and more new energy vehicle related enterprises are accelerating the construction of the automotive safety system in accordance with the requirements of the "Opinions" and jointly promoting the continuous upgrading of the safety management level of the new energy automobile industry, so as to promote the healthy, rapid and high-quality development of the new energy automobile industry.
Text: Zhao Jianguo Editor: Chen Wei Layout: Liu Xiaoye