Today (April 22), the full text of the "14th Five-Year Plan for Archaeological Work" organized and compiled by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage was released.
The Plan is divided into four chapters. The first two chapters mainly expound the development situation, guiding ideology, basic principles and work objectives, the third chapter clarifies important tasks, and the fourth chapter proposes to plan and implement safeguard measures. Among them, the important tasks include 7 aspects, namely, deepening major archaeological research, effectively doing a good job in the archaeological work of capital construction, promoting the innovation and upgrading of archaeological science, accelerating the transformation and utilization of archaeological achievements, promoting archaeological exchanges between China and foreign countries, strengthening archaeological capacity building, consolidating the foundation of talent teams, and setting up 18 key task columns as the main starting point for the implementation of the goals of the "Plan".
Key task 1. Comprehensive research on the origin and early development of Chinese civilization
Focus on the historical stages such as the origin of Chinese culture (10,000 to 5,000 years ago) and the origin and development of Chinese civilization (from around 5,000 to the pre-Qin period), deepen archaeological research, elucidate major issues such as the formation of Chinese civilization elements, the origin of Chinese civilization and the formation of cultural communities, and promote international cooperation in the exploration and research of Chinese civilization.
△Archaeological excavation site of sanxingdui site sacrifice area (No. 3 pit)
Focusing on the core sites of Shi'e, Taosi, Erlitou, Yinxu, Sanxingdui, Liangzhu and Niuheliang in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River Basin and the Xiliao River Basin, the focus of work is to deeply study the formation process, basic situation and development of the spatial and temporal framework, regional differences, and differences in the evolution path of civilization in the basins and regions where the key sites are located.
Priority task 2. Archaeology china" major project
Strengthen the basic and cutting-edge theoretical research of archaeology, and improve the theoretical system of Chinese archaeology. Focusing on the origin of modern humans in China, the development and evolution of prehistoric regional culture, the origin of civilization, the formation and early development of Chinese civilization, the establishment and development of a unified multi-ethnic state, and the important position of Chinese civilization in the history of world civilization, we will strengthen cooperation between archaeology and the economic, legal, political, cultural, social, ecological, scientific and technological, medical and other fields, concentrate our superior forces on solving major historical problems, cultivate cross-regional and multidisciplinary cooperation projects, and form a basic project library of "Archaeological China".
Continue to implement projects such as xia culture research, research on the civilization process of the Central Plains, Haidai region, Hetao area and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and research on the origin and diffusion of Austronesian languages, and use archaeological research results to promote the construction and improvement of the spatio-temporal framework for the development of Chinese civilization.
Actively cultivate the origin, formation and development of dryland agriculture in the north, the formation of rice agriculture and society in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and regional and thematic major projects such as the northwest, northeast China, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; carry out in-depth archaeological investigation, excavation and research of cave temples, and build an archaeological research system for cave temples in China; continue to promote research in the direction of urban archaeology, handicraft archaeology, ancient transportation and trade systems; cultivate major projects around large urban sites such as Han Chang'an City, Han Wei Luoyang City, Sui and Tang Chang'an City, Luoyang City, Luoyang City, Liaoshangjing, etc., Clarify the historical development context of the mainland's reunification of multi-ethnic countries.
Focusing on the archaeology of the South Asian corridor of the Silk Road, the comparative study of Chinese and foreign cave temple art, the study of marine civilization and the Maritime Silk Road, we will promote the comparative study of ancient civilizations, strengthen the examination of the historical and cultural value and core characteristics of Chinese civilization from a global perspective, and explain the important position of Chinese civilization in the history of world civilization in multiple dimensions.
Key task 3: The origin and evolution of human beings in East Asia
△ Sichuan Daocheng Piluo site (Paleolithic) archaeological excavation site
Focusing on major issues such as the origin and evolution of ancient humans in China and East Asia, the origin and spread of early modern humans, and taking key areas such as the Nihewan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the starting point, Paleolithic archaeological surveys and excavations and studies of key sites are carried out to consolidate the spatiotemporal framework and development lineage of Chinese Paleolithic cultures; to analyze the survival adaptation mode, technical and cultural characteristics of East Asian paleopolymers, as well as the cultural and physiological adaptation process and mechanism of extreme environments. The process and motivation of migration, spread, exchange and ethnic integration of ancient peoples in the East and West are discussed. Construct the basic framework of the database of physical morphology and genetic processes of paleohumans in the Old World, and establish a multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research paradigm such as archaeology, physical anthropology, molecular biology and environmental archaeology.
Key task 4. Underwater archaeology
△ Underwater archaeological excavations of Weihai Dingyuan ship
With the study of the Maritime Silk Road as the main line, the study of coastline change and human-land relations, the study of modern shipwrecks and the study of coastal defense of the Ming and Qing dynasties as the two wings, the research of marine civilization has been continuously strengthened. Continue to carry out underwater archaeological regional surveys in the coastal waters of the mainland, gradually find out the status of underwater cultural heritage in the coastal waters of the mainland, and build a national digital information platform for underwater cultural heritage. Promote the inclusion of underwater cultural heritage resource management into marine land spatial planning and land spatial planning water conservancy projects, announce a number of cultural relics protection units or underwater cultural relics protection areas, and explore the establishment of an archaeological work system for the infrastructure construction of seas, lakes and rivers. Implement key projects such as the Yangtze River Estuary No. 2 Shipwreck Archaeological Protection Project, the Archaeological Investigation and Research of the Jiawu Naval Battle, the Archaeological Excavation of the Sacred Grail Island Shipwreck, the Overall Protection of the Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck and Huaguang Reef No. 1 Shipwreck, and publish a series of archaeological reports on Huaguang Reef No. 1, Nan'ao No. 1, Nanhai No. 1, and Jiawu Shipwreck.
Key task 5. Archaeology first, then transfer" system
Implement the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage on Strengthening the Protection and Management of Historical and Cultural Heritage in the Preparation and Implementation of Territorial Spatial Planning, and implement the system of "archaeology first, transfer later". Coordinate the demarcation of a number of underground cultural relics burial areas, and include them in the "one map" of national land spatial planning. Establish a consultation mechanism between the local department in charge of cultural relics and the department in charge of natural resources, and promptly notify the department in charge of natural resources of the information on the archaeological project of capital construction. Encourage all localities to formulate "archaeology first, then transfer" policies and supporting measures according to local conditions.
Key tasks 6. Management of archaeological exploration of capital construction
Strengthen the management of archaeological exploration of capital construction, revise the "Archaeological Exploration Work Regulations", and ensure the quality of archaeological exploration and the safety of cultural relics. Implement the management responsibilities of the provincial-level departments in charge of cultural relics, organize the implementation of archaeological surveys, explorations and excavations of capital construction, formulate specific management policies according to local conditions, and clarify the project management process for archaeological exploration of capital construction. Develop and expand the professional team of archaeological exploration, actively absorb social forces to participate in the archaeological survey and exploration of capital construction, and establish and improve the supervision mechanism for purchasing services, project quality control, and supervision of employees and units.
Key tasks 7. Construction of archaeological science laboratories
Relying on institutions of higher learning and archaeological research institutions, accelerate the integration of resources and talent advantages, and promote the construction of the State Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science with international influence and competitiveness. At the same time, we will support the construction of 8-10 regional archaeological science laboratories in Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and other places to provide an innovation-driven platform for the improvement of the industry's scientific research capabilities.
Key task 8.Research and development and comprehensive application of key technologies in archaeological science
Strengthen the research and development of new technologies and the improvement and upgrading of equipment, organize the special research and development of key technologies such as aerial remote sensing archaeology and geophysical exploration, detection of shallow buried underwater cultural relics, and identification of trace residues, prepare reference materials for the detection and analysis of inorganic cultural relics such as ceramics, glass, and metals, and effectively expand the breadth and depth of archaeological research with the latest scientific and technological means. Relying on major projects such as comprehensive research on the origin and early development of Chinese civilization, comprehensive applied research on chronology, restoration of ancient environment, human-land relations, agricultural origin and development, and handicraft production and circulation systems is carried out.
Key task 9. Upgrading of archaeological technology and equipment
Improve the standardization level of archaeological technology and equipment, strengthen the application and iterative update of professional equipment such as portable analysis and testing, archaeological geophysical exploration, archaeological mapping and digitization, promote the conventional allocation of special integrated toolkits (boxes) for archaeology, encourage the allocation of mobile archaeological laboratories and cultural relics mobile hospitals at important archaeological sites, and improve the detection and analysis capabilities and rescue and protection capabilities of archaeological work sites. Construct a national archaeological work information and data platform, realize the integration of active archaeological excavation projects into a unified information management system, and explore ways to incorporate data from capital construction archaeological projects. Promote the latest equipment and facilities in archaeological survey, exploration and excavation, accelerate the application of space technology and information technology, and comprehensively improve the level of informatization of archaeological work. Improve data collection, storage and analysis capabilities, and pilot archaeological resources and information industry sharing and sharing.
Key tasks 10.Archaeological report publication project
Implement the rescue collation and protection project of 20th century field archaeological archives, and accelerate the collation of archaeological reports and the publication of research results. Promote the publication of archaeological reports on important grotto temples such as Dunhuang Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes, and Xumishan Grottoes; edit and publish 20-30 archaeological reports on important major sites such as Liangzhu Grottoes, Shi'an, Erlitou, Yanshi Shangcheng, Yin Ruins, Sanxingdui, Liulihe, Luoyang City of Han Wei, Tomb of Marquis Haidian, Mausoleum of the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Imperial Tomb of the Tang Dynasty, and The Ruins of the Yuanmingyuan; promote the publication of reports on the Three Gorges Reservoir Area; and accelerate the publication of important archaeological discoveries and the publication of the "Archaeological China" archaeological report collection.
Key tasks 11.Preparation of Chinese archaeological reading books
Organize experts in the fields of archaeology, history, education, and culture to jointly compile authoritative and popular Chinese archaeological books, and systematically expound the history of mankind in the mainland for millions of years, the cultural history of 10,000 years, and the history of civilization for more than 5,000 years according to the latest archaeological research results, and clearly explain the brilliant achievements of Chinese civilization and the major contributions to human civilization. Strengthen communication and coordination with education departments, and timely incorporate the latest archaeological achievements that have been widely recognized into primary and secondary school history textbooks and reading books, so as to better play the role of educating people with history. Encourage the compilation of archaeological science books for different readers, and strengthen the social dissemination of archaeological and historical research results.
Key task 12. Archaeology + Media Convergence" Communication Program
Encourage media and digital culture enterprises to participate in the transformation and utilization of archaeological achievements, actively introduce new communication methods and formats, innovate digital cultural products and services, and form a rich, diverse, scientific and accurate dissemination system for archaeological achievements. Actively cultivate high-quality archaeological cultural products, create a brand of dissemination of archaeological achievements with social influence, and hold a series of lectures on archaeology that combine online and offline. Guide and standardize the construction of archaeological network information platforms and public accounts, and popularize the correct concept of cultural relics protection and scientific archaeological knowledge to the public.
Key task 13. Archaeology China" major project results promotion
Improve the mechanism for releasing the progress of major projects in "Archaeology China", and timely release major archaeological discoveries and research progress through the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. Support the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to build a network information platform for "Archaeological China" achievements, use various forms such as text, pictures, documentaries, short videos, etc., to plan the "Cloud Exhibition" of new discoveries in the major project of "Archaeology China", display the latest archaeological research results in China online, and realize multilingual external dissemination and promotion, and comprehensively display the style of Chinese civilization.
Key tasks 14.Sino-foreign joint archaeological operations
With the focus on jointly building the "Belt and Road" countries, we will actively guide domestic scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning to carry out cooperative archaeological research in the surrounding areas and major civilized areas of the world, and strengthen cooperation in specialized fields such as underwater archaeology. Comprehensively carry out international comparative research on archaeology, history and anthropology, support cooperative research on international topics such as the origin of mankind, the origin of agriculture, the origin of civilization, and the archaeology of cave temples, promote the implementation of a number of Sino-foreign joint archaeological projects, and promote mutual learning and interaction between Chinese and foreign archaeological theories, technologies and methods. Promote the internationalization of academic research on oracle bones, silk fabrics, bronzes, ceramics, jades and other academic research, cultivate worldwide academic topics in the field of cultural relics and archaeology, clearly display the origin and development of Chinese civilization and major contributions to human civilization, and promote the establishment of a world civilization historical view in the middle and Chinese realm. Rely on archaeological scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning to build a number of world archaeological research bases, support the construction of 2-3 overseas archaeological work bases, and cultivate 5-10 Sino-foreign joint archaeological demonstration projects. Support Northwest University in building the Silk Road Archaeological Cooperation Research Center.
Key tasks 15.Gene bank of cultural relics of Chinese civilization
Support the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Peking University, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and other archaeological institutions and institutions of higher learning to collect and collect typical archaeological specimens and data resources that can reflect the genes of Chinese civilization through multiple channels, build a gene bank of Chinese civilization cultural relics that integrates data storage, archaeological research, scientific and technological analysis, protection and restoration, and display of achievements, and build a new multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary cooperation platform for cross-arts and collaborative innovation.
Key tasks 16.Construction of archaeological specimen warehouses in national key areas
Promote the construction of archaeological specimen warehouses and standardization, and support units with archaeological excavation qualifications in Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other provinces to build 20 national key regional archaeological specimen warehouses in areas with rich sites and heavy archaeological tasks.
Key tasks 17.Construction of world-class archaeological institutions
Support the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and other national archaeological institutions, as well as provincial archaeological institutions in Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and other provinces to create 10-15 world-class archaeological institutions, give full play to the role of industry leadership and demonstration, and enhance international academic dialogue and competitiveness. Research and formulate the creation and assessment standards of world-class archaeological institutions with Chinese characteristics, and guide the overall high-quality development of the industry.
Key tasks 18.National Archaeological Talent Revitalization Plan
Innovate the industry excellent talent training model, focusing on top-notch talents and special talents, cultivate and select 100 archaeological leading talents, 100 young archaeological talents, and 500 backbone archaeological research backbones, and gradually stabilize and expand the talent team by implementing the special project of high-level talent training urgently needed by the archaeological country, expanding the setting and enrollment scale of archaeology majors in colleges and universities, and accelerating the training of archaeological vocational and technical talents, and strive to achieve a total of more than 10,000 archaeologists in the country by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, creating a strong business ability 3. Age echelon and a team of archaeologists with reasonable knowledge structure and dedication to their work.
By 2035, archaeology with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style will be basically completed. The archaeological research on a number of major historical issues has achieved key results, and the discipline system, academic system and discourse system of archaeology with Chinese characteristics have become more mature. The drive of scientific and technological innovation is obvious, and the achievements of interdisciplinary integration are outstanding. Archaeological achievements continue to meet the growing needs of the people's cultural life and carry forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture. The international influence of Chinese archaeology has been significantly enhanced, and Chinese archaeology has become an important force in the protection of international cultural heritage.
Source: CCTV News