Text = CHENGJI. City Chronicles of the Western Tang Dynasty
Recently, the "Shaanxi Archaeological Museum" was officially completed, becoming the first archaeological museum in China.
According to the results of the national census of movable cultural relics, Shaanxi ranks second in the country with more than 7.7 million pieces after Beijing. History and culture are the business cards of Xi'an and Shaanxi in the world. This themed museum located in the south of Xi'an is surrounded by rivers, forests, Tang Pagodas...
Built: The first archaeological museum in China
The Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute, one of the earliest and largest provincial-level archaeological research institutions established in mainland China, has collected more than 100,000 cultural relics specimens (groups) excavated from various generations of sites and tombs in the Paleolithic era.
Considering the importance and particularity of cultural relics, many cultural relics specimens cannot be exhibited in common art history museums. How to make the collection of cultural relics specimens and scientific research results play a better role, the Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute and the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau proposed to build the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
From the perspective of positioning, it will form a complementary effect with the history and site museums of our province. Combine professional research with public archaeology to help the public understand the historical and cultural connotation of Shaanxi more deeply and comprehensively, and achieve multiple effects in strengthening scientific research and serving the society.
Shaanxi Archaeological Museum
Address 丨Xi'an Chang'an District, Xiangji Temple West
Covers an area of 250 acres
Construction area丨 over 36000㎡
Located in Chang'an District, it is a public cultural facility integrating archaeological research, public education and social services, and is a thematic museum focusing on the retrospective process of ancient Chinese civilization.
As a large state-owned museum invested and built by the Shaanxi Provincial Government, the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is positioned as "the first thematic museum in the country and even in the world to display archaeological work and the development of the archaeological discipline itself." ”
Since the concept was proposed, it has been listed as a provincial key project. In 2013, the proposal was approved to enter the preparatory stage, in 2017, the feasibility study report was approved, and in May 2019, it was approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and entered the stage of application for construction approval. On September 8, 2019, the construction officially began.
On April 16, 2022, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the People's Government of Shaanxi Province cooperated to build a "world-class archaeological institution" and the opening of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum was officially held.
Shaanxi Archaeological Museum Planning Map ◎ NEWS
Shaanxi Archaeological Museum Real View ◎ NEWS
The Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is designed to inherit the Tang style, and the building building adopts the Tang style architecture and garden style, which is integrated with the Xiangji Temple and the Qinling Ecological Area.
The overall terrain is triangular, and the layout is divided into open areas and internal areas, with the museum and courtyard as one, the front and back courtyards. According to the principle of combining scientific research and display, there are one museum and multiple centers. One hall: archaeological museum; multi-center: archaeological research center, science and technology protection center, comprehensive management center and public archaeology center.
The museum exhibits two parts, including permanent exhibitions and temporary exhibitions. Among them, the permanent exhibition is the basic exhibition of the archaeological history of Shaanxi, and the temporary exhibition is mainly used to display the latest major archaeological discoveries and special research results.
Shaanxi Archaeological Museum Planning Map ◎ NEWS
Shaanxi Archaeological Museum Real View ◎ NEWS
In addition, there are special exhibition areas such as brickwork, stone carved cultural relics, and ceramic specimens outside. Through one cultural relics and one site after another, the development context of Chinese archaeology and Shaanxi archaeology is outlined, and the overall characteristics of Chinese civilization are displayed as diverse, integrated and eclectic, so that the public can understand archaeology and share heritage with society.
For the Shaanxi archaeological industry, the completion of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum has an important leading demonstration position. Sun ZhouYong, president and director of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute (Shaanxi Archaeological Museum), wrote:
With the strategic goal of "creating a Chinese model for world-class archaeological research institutions", relying on the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute (Shaanxi Archaeological Museum) to create a first-class world archaeological institution, adhering to the concept of openness, cooperation, sharing and win-win, based on Shaanxi, looking at the whole country, and carrying out all-round cooperation with first-class archaeological research institutions at home and abroad.
Interpretation: Inside the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum
With the theme of "Archaeological Sacred Land, Huazhang Shaanxi", the permanent exhibition of the museum exhibits more than 4,000 cultural relics (groups), which are divided into four chapters: archaeological history, cultural genealogy, archaeological discovery, and cultural protection and science and technology.
Archaeological history
A large number of physical objects and picture materials show the birth, development and maturity of Shaanxi archaeology, which is divided into three units:
The first unit, "Jinshi Jigu Zhengjing Chongli", describes the accumulation process of Chinese archaeology in the epigraphy stage;
The second unit, "Scientific Archaeology, Rejuvenating History and Saving the Country", focuses on the beginning of Shaanxi archaeology - The archaeology of Doujitai, and the typology of Chinese archaeology that matured as a result;
The third unit, "Conforming to the Fortune of The Times, Archaeology Sails", systematically sorts out the development process of Archaeology in Shaanxi since the founding of New China based on archaeological projects.
Archaeological history of the hall real scene
The real scene of the exhibition hall of the archaeological history
Cultural genealogy
In chronological order, the genealogy of archaeology and culture in Shaanxi is displayed, mainly including five units.
The first unit, Paleolithic, focuses on the origins of modern humans and the communication and migration of ancient humans;
The second and third units, "Neolithic Age" and "Xia Shang Period", introduce the distribution range, cultural characteristics and representative sites of many archaeological cultures and types in former Yangshao, Yangshao, Longshan and Xia Shang in Shaanxi Province;
The fourth and fifth units of "Pre-Zhou Culture" and "Zhouyuan Ruins" systematically introduce the type division, cultural characteristics and representative remains of the pre-Zhou culture before the Western Zhou civilization, comprehensively summarize the archaeological harvest of the Zhouyuan ruins over the past 60 years, and set up a special exhibition of Hejia Che ma Pit, and the overall relocated Che Ma Pit is displayed in the exhibition hall.
In addition, the cultural genealogy section is interspersed with the introduction of animal archaeology, plant archaeology, physical anthropology and other branches of archaeology.
Cultural Genealogy – Paleolithic
Cultural Genealogy - Faience Exhibition Area
Cultural Genealogy - Yangshao Period
Cultural Genealogy - Xia Shang Period
Archaeological Discoveries
In chronological order, the important discoveries of Shaanxi archaeology in each period are counted and divided into three units:
The first unit, "Exploring the Source civilization and constructing the history of the ancestors", focuses on the three Duyi sites of Yangguanzhai, Lushanya and Shi'an, reproducing the glory of civilization in the prehistoric period;
The second unit, "Tracing the Empire and Reappearing in the Prosperous World", introduces the rich cultural relics of the Qin, Han and Tang dynasties in Shaanxi, including the capital city, imperial tombs, nobles and commoner tombs;
The third unit, "Tracing the Ancient Capital, Cultivating Style and Elegance", introduces the Shaanxi society of "Wang Qidian and then", focusing on the life of scholars and the development of the porcelain industry.
Stone carving
Archaeological discoveries - Qin figurines
Archaeological Discoveries - Sui and Tang Dynasties
Wenbao Science and Technology
It mainly includes seven units, including the development stage of Shaanxi cultural relics protection, the research on the protection and restoration and production process of ceramics, the protection and restoration of bronzes and scientific research, the microscopic excavation of laboratories, the protection and research of murals, the protection and restoration of textile cultural relics unearthed from Famen Temple, and the protection and restoration of lacquerware unearthed in the north.
Wenbao Science and Technology - Ceramic Restoration
Interpret the | Xiangji Temple on the banks of the Two Rivers Bay
Seeing the name and renderings, many people's first reaction is "Shaanxi History Museum". Yes, the construction sign of the "Shaanxi Archaeological Museum" shows that the project leader of the design unit is Zhang Jinqiu.
Zhang Jinqiu - the lady known as "Mr. Zhang" in this Chang'an City. The "New Tang Style" she created became a new style of architecture in the ancient capital of Xi'an. The Shaanxi History Museum, represented, has broken through the traditional category of "buildings", and UNESCO has listed it as a world-class museum.
Shaanxi History Museum, China's first large-scale modern national museum, is known as the "Pearl of the Ancient Capital, the Treasure House of China". In that year, Premier Zhou Enlai suggested that "the site of the museum can be selected near the Big Wild Goose Pagoda."
Shaanxi Archaeological Museum Geographical Map ◎ Cartography / City Record Think Tank
"Hanzuka TangTa Pig (Zhu) Circle", this is the historian's joke on xi'an's scenic spots and monuments. Historians recognize the two historical peaks of Chinese civilization, the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, among them.
Han Tombs, referring to the twelve western Han dynasty imperial tombs, are all national cultural relics protection units. Tang Pagoda, Tang Dynasty Wild Goose Pagoda, Tang Dynasty architecture left to Xi'an when Buddhism prevailed, including large and small Goose Pagoda and Xiangji Temple Pagoda, etc.; Pig (Zhu) Circle, Xi'an is a large city that rarely retains integrity among the more than 1,000 walls built in the Ming Dynasty.
Architecture is the imprint of culture. Today, the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is located on the ShenheYuan in the south of the city, just one kilometer away from Xiangji Temple and its Tang Pagoda. Not far away, there are the Chui River and the Wei River of "Eight Waters Around Chang'an".
Rainfall Xiangji Temple real scene ◎ source / city record image
Chang'an, the second home of Buddhism. Of the eight ancestral courts of Chinese Buddhism, six are located in Xi'an. Qinling, Yusu River, Fan Chuan, ShenheYuan, Shaolingyuan, Luhe River, Weihe River, etc. These can be called the richest fertile soil in Xi'an.
Xiangji Temple, one of the eight great temples of Fanchuan famous in Tang, the ancestral court of the Pure Land Sect. In 681 AD, one of the founders of the Pure Land Sect, Master Shandao, passed away, and his disciple Huai Yun built the Xiangji Temple and the Shandao Master Offering Pagoda to commemorate the merits of Shandao. At this point, it became the first dojo after the official establishment of the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism.
The Tang poet Wang Wei has "Passing through the Xiangji Temple": "I don't know the Xiangji Temple, and I have miles into the Cloud Peak." Ancient trees have no paths, deep mountains where the clock. Spring sound throat dangerous stone, the sun cold green pine, thin twilight empty pond song, An Zen made poisonous dragon. ”
Xiangji Temple Xiahewan Park real scene ◎ source / city record image
By the end of 2020, there were 329 museums and memorials registered with the Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics, receiving an average of more than 50 million visitors a year, and an average of about 117,000 Shaanxi people owned a museum.
Among them, there are 165 cultural relics systems, 60 state-owned industry systems, 104 non-state-owned museums, 9 first-level museums, 16 second-level museums, and 22 third-level museums. Protect our heritage and allow history and culture to be passed on in a "revitalized" way. This is not only a mission and responsibility, but also a heritage of aesthetics and knowledge.
At present, the "Shaanxi Archaeological Museum" has become one of the largest and highest-specification museums in Xi'an. I hope that "Shaanxi Archaeological Museum + Xiangji Temple + Lianghewan Forest Belt + University Town" will make the south of the city more Beautiful.
Reference contents: Sun Zhouyong, president and director of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute (Shaanxi Archaeological Museum), "Written on the occasion of the opening of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum: Setting Sail on a New Journey and Stepping Toward the Future"