Shuo and Qing, cloth and cloth also. Ancient kings and vassals are compatible with each other, and the rate is marriage. Qing has a lingnu, and she is matched with a son. This sentence from the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, who hoped to be able to form a family with his brother Xu Da, who was born and died, and asked general Xu Da to match his daughter Xu to his son Zhu Di, who was Xu Da's eldest daughter Xu Shi. Xu's love of reading, is a talented girl, coupled with the reputation of her father, she is also quite famous in Beijing at a young age. #山河月明一代贤后就这么走了, it's really hard to reconcile. #
First, after the door, virtuous and virtuous
Empress Xu, Xu Miaoyun's father Xu Da was a famous general in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, the first hero of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, and the first of the "Six Kings" of the founding of the country. Xu Da served as a major general in the Conquest Of War many times, and in the northern expedition, Hongwu invaded the Yuan capital (present-day Beijing) in the first year of Hongwu (1368), destroyed the Yuan Dynasty, and then sent troops many times to attack the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty. Hongwu was awarded the title of Meritorious Servant for three years, and was awarded the founding of the Auxiliary Transport of The Duke of Tuicheng Xuanli Wuchen, and specially entered the Guanglu Dafu, the Left Pillar State, the Taifu, and the Zhongshu Right Minister to participate in military affairs, and entered the Wei Guo Gong, and gave the world coupons. Hongwu died of illness in February of the eighteenth year, and was posthumously honored as the King of Zhongshan, with the title of "Wuning", given the third prince, buried the yin of Zhongshan, and made the Imperial Shinto inscription. It is also worthy of enjoying the Taimiao Temple, the Temple of Portrait Heroes, and the first place. As the eldest daughter of Xu Da, Xu Miaoyun was carefully raised by Xu Da and his wife since childhood, not only reading poetry and books, but also participating in the military and wearing armor to defend the city.
Xu Miaoyun is even more talented, talented, loves to read, is a talented girl, coupled with her father's reputation, she is also quite famous in Beijing at a young age. His father, Xu Da, the King of Zhongshan, once said: "This woman is very talented, and it is advisable to use the scriptures to fill her knowledge." Therefore, Xu Miaoyun has had the reputation of "female students" since childhood. In the Ming Dynasty, "Zhusheng" was a student who had received traditional Confucian education and worked in the history of scripture, and Xu Miaoyun could have the name of "female Zhusheng", which showed his talent and cultivation. So, in 1376, the 15-year-old Xu Miaoyun married the 17-year-old Zhu Di and became the Princess of Yan.
Xu Miaoyun stills
Second, good luck is a match, and the love is very good
Although Empress Xu and Zhu Di were married to Zhu Yuanzhang, they did not "marry first and then love", but had already met before marriage. Before the official marriage, Zhu Di and Xu Shi had been together for three years, and they were a veritable pair of teenagers. In the preface to the "Internal Training" on the first day of the first lunar month of the third year of Yongle, Empress Xu mentioned that she was elected to the court very early, served Empress Ma early and evening, listened to the precepts, and respectfully served the current emperor for more than thirty years; in the preface to the "Book of Persuasion" on the ninth day of the first month of The third year of Yongle, it is mentioned that she was elected to the palace in her early years, served Empress Ma every day, was loved alone, and was honored to the current emperor for "thirty years"; in the preface to the "Biography of Empress Gao" in February of the fourth year of Yongle, she also mentioned that she was "the choice of the palace court", "the day attendant left and right", "after the list of women", "alone and favored" ”。 Therefore, around the sixth year of Hongwu, that is, when she was only twelve years old, Xu Shi had already entered the palace to accompany Zhu Di and accept the teachings of Empress Ma.
Due to the deep feelings after marriage, the first seven of the nine children of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di were all born to Empress Xu. Nine years after marriage, Xu Shi frequently became pregnant and gave birth to children, and successively gave birth to three sons and four daughters for Zhu Di, during which Time, Zhu Di did not "rain and dew even dip" and any other woman gave birth to Shu children, until later Xu Shi did not have any more children, and only then did he have a concubine Princess Changning and a concubine Zhu Gaoyao (who died early, Zhu Di did not posthumously give him any titles after he ascended the throne). After Zhu Di ascended the throne, his relationship with Xu Shi was long-lasting, and the two often lived together and discussed political affairs. "If you are diligent in government affairs, or if you do not eat in the day, you will not eat after that." During Zhu Di's reign, he was responsible for state affairs, and often before lunch in the afternoon, Empress Xu waited for him to eat together and starved with him. When Zhu Di was approving the recitation and handling state affairs, Empress Xu often stood quietly to serve him, and Zhu Di could not bear it, so he advised her to go to rest first. After Empress Xu's death, Zhu Di's temperament changed greatly due to the loss of his beloved wife Empress Xian, and he was willful in the palace, often irritable.
In addition, the two are also very compatible spiritually, and they are a pair of confidants. Zhu Di is good at reading, xu is also full of reading history, and the two can compete in cultural literacy. In terms of religious beliefs, due to the prevalence of Buddhist beliefs in the court in the early Ming Dynasty, Empress Xu had a lot of research on Buddhism, and compiled many sutras to pass on to the world, and during Zhu Di's reign, she not only crowned the Great Treasure Of Uszang (present-day Tibet), but also had many contacts with many high monks and masters in the world. Speaking of the couple's connection with the Great Treasure King, there is also such a story: It is said that Zhu Di once went to Putuo Mountain in a dream to meet Guanyin Bodhisattva, and because of the fatigue of climbing the mountain, when he was about to leave, a huge green lotus flower appeared in front of his eyes, and the flowers bloomed, Zhu Di revived, tired and relieved, and returned to the top of the mountain, and met the Great Pessimistic Shiyin Bodhisattva on the top of the mountain and received blessings.
After that, Empress Xu urged the promotion of the divine Dharma, welcomed the King, and made the tired Zhu Di recover, so Zhu Di often praised "the good teacher and good friend of the Emperor, the empress", "the wonderful and good person of the Emperor is this empress", and praised Empress Xu. In addition, in terms of aesthetic tendencies, the Records of Emperor Taizong of Ming recorded that Empress Xu "did not like Hua ornaments sexually, and was frugal from the imperial court". Xu Shi liked the crystal clear, white and flawless white jade Guanyin, and there is also a record in the "Records of Emperor Ming Taizong" that Zhu Di preferred the sweet white glazed porcelain of "Jie Su Yingran", so the aesthetic orientation of the two was very similar, so that they could achieve the fusion of the spiritual world.
3. Help the husband to establish a career, the queen of the country
In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Xu was crowned Princess of Yan. Xu's treatment of people is very decent, and is deeply loved by Ming Taizu and Empress Ma.
In the thirteenth year of Hongwu (1380), Xu shi left the capital Nanjing with Zhu Di and went to Beiping to take the throne of Yan. The Yan Dynasty Mansion has a huge organization, with jurisdiction over the trial office, the ceremonial office, the Fengshou office, the Jishan institute, the good doctor's office, the ceremonial office, the gongzheng office, etc., including accompanying readers and professors responsible for education, ambassadors and deputy envoys who manage the palace warehouses, and other officials. It was not easy to manage so many institutions and personnel by zhu di alone, so Xu Shi played the role of the hostess of the house, managing internal affairs in an orderly manner, so that the whole palace was in order. As Zhu Di said in the liturgical texts and edicts, "he has been assisting the kingdom of the domain for more than twenty years" and "concubines to Zhaofeng, and the family is in charge of Ning", and he has been his sage and inner assistant in the kingdom for more than twenty years, making his family peaceful and tranquil.
Zhu Di raised an army to plot, and Xu Shi also participated in it, and there were many auxiliary plans, "The upper lifting of the righteous Jing internal difficulties, the later praise of the painting, more cooperation on the intention." The strategy proposed by Xu Shi is more in line with Zhu Di's meaning. After the Jing dynasty rose up, Zhu Di led his army to attack Daning, and Li Jinglong took the opportunity to lead his army to besiege Beiping. At that time, Shizi Zhu Gaozi stayed in Beiping, and most of the deployment of defenses was ordered by Xu Shi, who was equivalent to the commander-in-chief of the Beiping garrison. Faced with the lack of troops in the city and the situation of the enemy being outnumbered, Xu Shi calmly and calmly planned and deployed various affairs of the defending city together with Zhu Gaozi and the generals who defended the city, and called on all the defenders to swear to defend the city to the death. At the same time, Xu launched the generals and soldiers in the city, the wives of the people to enter the city to fight, each of them was given a pair of armor, Xu personally went to the city to supervise the battle, the women in the city, inspired by Xu, put on armor, threw stones, threw rubble, and fought a deadly battle with Li Jinglong's army, supporting Zhu Di's smooth return to the division. The Defense of Beiping fully reflected Xu's courage, strategy, composure and wit.
Xu Shi was in Beiping for more than twenty years, not only Zhu Di's xiannei assistant, but also had military strategy, and she assisted in the management of the internal affairs of the government, and personally defended and garrisoned during the Jing Dynasty, so in the later posthumous text to Xu Shi, Zhu Di mentioned: "Xu Er, the daughter of Xu Da, the king of Wuning in Zhongshan, was a concubine of Shu Zheng, and assisted the kingdom of the domain for more than twenty years.
Empress Xu was a woman who was good at exerting her subjective initiative, and while she was in the back position, she cared about Zhu Di's diet and living, managed the harem well, and often put forward her own views on the governance of the country, and actively exerted her influence on her husband, Zhu Di also believed that she was "good at her profession to supplement internal governance, and to promote prosperity and celebration to benefit the soul", upholding good methods to assist him in governing the country, and extending grand auspicious celebrations to benefit the people. Empress Xu scrupulously adhered to the way of women and honored her in-laws, and Empress Ma also praised this daughter-in-law many times: "Princess Yan's deeds are enough to honor Fan Gonglu" and "This filial piety is also". When Empress Ma died of illness in the fifteenth year of Hongwu' reign, Xu shi observed the funeral for three years according to the ritual vegetarian diet. It wasn't until Zhu Di mentioned the matter of the first dynasty after he ascended the throne and asked Empress Xu if she remembered Empress Ma's teachings, and Empress Xu was able to list Empress Ma's teachings one by one, and Zhu Di was very pleased to hear it.
Fourth, mourning behind him, no longer crowning concubines
Out of his deep love for Empress Xu, Zhu Di never crowned a concubine during his lifetime, until February of the seventh year of Yongle, when Empress Xu died more than a year later, Zhu Di held a canonization ceremony and officially canonized the concubines of the harem.
When Empress Xu was dying, her biggest regret was that she did not have the opportunity to return to Beijing with Zhu Di again, and to reward the wife of the general who had guarded the city with her during the Jing Dynasty, so she entrusted this matter to the crown prince Zhu Gaozi to complete it for her. In the seventh year of Yongle, Zhu Di toured the north, the crown prince was in Nanjing, and on the second day of arriving in Beijing by car, in addition to rewarding the beijing officials and soldiers, he also rewarded the women who guarded the city, fulfilling Empress Xu's last wish. Empress Xu also warned crown prince Zhu Gaozi to "respect the matter, to care for the benevolence, to solemnize the family, and to be kind to the good", and asked him to always keep it in mind. For the emperor's eldest grandson Zhu Zhanji, Empress Xu also had instructions, making him concentrate and study diligently, and told Zhu Di that this grandson was a great instrument and let him look at it well.
After Empress Xu's death, Zhu Di was overwhelmed with emotion, weeping and weeping, and the courtiers could only gently persuade him. Zhu Di told the courtiers that the empress was benevolent and virtuous, and compared the empress to the empress dowagers like Empress Mingdema of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Empress Changsun of the Tang Dynasty, and said that although the empress was in the palace, she loved the people wholeheartedly. Thinking of the Empress's presence, he lamented: "From now on, I will never hear the Empress's direct words in the palace again." ”
In addition to his grief, Zhu Di also remembered Empress Xu very much, so he decided not to restore the empress, which also left the throne vacant for seventeen years after yongle dynasty. Zhu Di also dressed in white clothes for a year because of Empress Xu's funeral, dropped out of the dynasty for a year, and only listened to political deliberations in Xijiaomen and other places on a daily basis.
On the first day of September in the twenty-second year of Yongle (1424), Emperor Renzong Zhu Gaozi followed Zhu Di's last will and testament and sacrificed the divine lord of his mother Empress Renxiao with the Zi Palace of his father Zhu Di. It is precisely because of Zhu Di's will that they became the only empresses of the Ming and Qing dynasties who had died for many years and the emperor who had just died on the same day, in the same place, and in the same ceremony. On the tenth day of the first month of September, Emperor Renzong honored Zhu Di as "Emperor Shengwen of The Heavenly Sect of Heaven and The Emperor of The Heavenly Path of Gaoming Guangyun Shengwu Gong Chunren to Emperor Xiaowen", and the temple name "Emperor Taizong" (太宗) was honored by Empress Renxiao(仁孝皇后). ShengQi Tai Temple.
What historical knowledge did #看 "Mountains and Rivers MoonLight"? #