The appreciation of cursive art is a noble artistic enjoyment. If you want to appreciate the art of cursive, you must first understand the characteristics of cursive and where the beauty of cursive art lies.
Some people say that the beauty of cursive art is reflected in two aspects: the beauty of the surface and the beauty of the deep connotation. Some people also summarize the beauty of cursive art in ten points: the dots are flying, the pen is emotional and inky, the knots are changeable, the rules are vivid, the lines are beautiful, the blood veins are connected, the qi rhymes, the transformation is ups and downs, the momentum is magnificent, and the qi is elegant.
In short, the beauty of cursive art is like a wordless but psalmic meaning, no movement but a dancing god form, no color and painting, silent and musical melody.
Cursive appreciation standards
The criteria for appreciating cursive (xingshu) works of art can be said to be amorphous. For the same cursive art work, because of different eras, different thoughts, different lives, different qualities, different encounters, different understandings, different people will have different standards; the same people can also change their standards due to differences in early years, middle age, and later years.
Nevertheless, through long-term practice, predecessors have summarized the standards of appreciating calligraphy.
Some people have summarized it into four points: qi rhyme, yue selection, ink color, and back. Some people also summarize it into six points: form, strength, intention, genre, talent, and meteorology.
It can be used as a criterion for appreciating the art of cursive (xingshu) from the following five aspects:
First, the lines are beautiful
"Calligraphy is the art of line". The lines of calligraphy, especially the lines of cursive, are more distinctive. It not only has differences in shape and direction, but also differences in astringency, dryness, flat roundness, texture, strength and other aspects.
The strange and unpredictable lines of cursive art can best express the subtle inner feelings of a cursive writer.
So, what kind of lines are bright and pleasant, giving people a sense of beauty?
The force of the lines
All lines that give people a sense of beauty are lines with strength and a strong sense of three-dimensionality. The sense of force is also called "pen power" in traditional calligraphy.
Ancient and modern cursive students have repeatedly emphasized the correct "pen movement", in the final analysis, in order to make the calligraphic lines show strength and elasticity (the expression of inner strength).
The lines of calligraphy should be like "clockwork of the clockwork", not like "noodles boiled in a soup pot", which is a metaphor for "the art of force"; it tells us that calligraphy is the sense of force of the line, the life of cursive art.
The emotion of the line
"Writer, lyrical". The dots, strokes and lines of Chinese calligraphy are full of vitality, rhythm and rhythm, showing moving expression beauty.
The so-called expression beauty is a visual aesthetic experience in which both the calligrapher and the appreciator cooperate in the art of calligraphy. A successful cursive work is the author's concentrated thoughts, full of emotion, and a burst of emotion.
"Writing a book with emotions and with emotions" is an important factor that cannot be ignored in the success of calligraphy: the rhythm of the lines.
"Between a painting, the change rises and falls in the sharp edge; within a point, the special is frustrated by the millimeter." Cursive if the thickness of the same and unpacitated lines can not give people a sense of beauty, the so-called depression and frustration, lifting and undulating, full of paper clouds, although silent, but there is a musical melody, which is precisely one of the important reasons why cursive art is loved by people.
Calligraphers of past generations paid special attention to the contrast between the main and secondary lines, and often used the strokes that best expressed the personality of the book writer as the "main brush" to show the unique beauty. Such as Yan Zhenqing's full hanging needle vertical, the Yellow Valley's long horizontal and large twists and turns, and the chic vertical hook of rice and so on.
In addition, there are a variety of contrast techniques such as size, vertical and horizontal, backward, partial, dense, thick, thick and light, and square.
Echoes of the lines
"The beginning of the pen is the call, the acceptance of the pen is the response". The effect of echoing lies in the integration of the original self-independent lines into an organic unity. The lines echo as if there were qi flowing, as if they had been given life. Traditional calligraphy is called "induction" and "blood vein", and it is proposed that "the beginning and the end echo, and the upper and lower connections are better".
As the modern aesthetician Zong Baihua said: "Can look up to the hope, yin and yang undulating, like the branches and leaves of trees supporting each other, and giving way to each other; like the fall of flowing water, and successively inheriting each other." "This picture is the flow of life, a dance, a piece of music."
Second, structural beauty
The general understanding of the appreciation of the structure is often whether the structure is neat and whether it meets the requirements of balanced symmetry. Balanced symmetry is certainly a basic requirement, but structural beauty pays more attention to the balance symmetry in which there are changes, and whether its changes are innovative or not is not conventional.
The successful cursive art structure is balanced and symmetrical, and the parts are contrasted and taken care of; there are lengths, sizes, widths, thicknesses, and horizontal straightness... All kinds of innovative changes, thus forming a diverse and unified harmony.
Third, the beauty of the chapter
The chapter is whether the word and word, line and line of a work are properly dense and the size is appropriate.
A cursive work with exquisite rules can express the artistic effect of Gu Pan's feelings, spiritual flies, and the whole chapter is consistent.
Fourth, the ink rhymes beautifully
Cursive art mainly expresses its beauty with ink lines. Whether a work has a spirit or not depends on whether the ink is flexible: that is, the whole line, the thickness of the ink color, the weight, the dryness, the light and shade, the thickness, the turbidity, etc. should not be exactly the same.
Fifth, the artistic beauty
After admiring the structure of pen and ink, it is still necessary to further grasp the unique artistic beauty of the whole work.
The artistic beauty of cursive writing refers to the artistic realm of the author's spirit, aesthetics, style, and appeal to the viewer.
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