The poem speaks a new language‖ there are mountains around Guo under the white, and there is no guest and no home

Wen 丨 Wang Yanan (Intern Researcher, Poetry and Wine Culture Research Center, Fangtang Think Tank)

"The Princes of the Qingming Dynasty Pavilion"

--Gao Qi, Ming Dynasty

New smoke with willow forbidden wall oblique, apricot cheese fragrant and common praise.

There are mountains around Guo under the white, and there are no guests in Qingming who do not miss home.

Under the tomb of Marquis Bian, there are flowers falling in front of Lu Nu's door.

Happy to have the deceased treat the edict together, intend to sell spring wine drunk In Beijing.

The day before yesterday, I received a call from my family, saying that the epidemic situation at home was serious, and Qingming could not go back. Before the Qingming holiday, Wu Zunyou, chief expert of epidemiology of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, also suggested that during the Qingming holidays, areas with epidemics should not be recommended to go out for outings and outings, and in areas without epidemics, it is also reasonable to choose the location of going out and outing, and do not choose cross-provincial green and outings.

Since the outbreak of the epidemic, people do not seem to have played a painful and happy game, and the most worrying thing is not the epidemic that has arrived, but the epidemic that does not know when to come and when to end. So, in today's environment of many uncertainties, how do we deal with it?

The poem "The Princes in the Qingming Pavilion" can be said to express mixed feelings for us, it has both the love for the spring scenery of the Qingming Dynasty in front of us, the homesickness of the wanderers in other places, and the feeling of confidence in a better future, which is just in line with the mood of most people at present.

Let's first look at the author of the poem.

Gao Qi, a famous poet and writer in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, was a native of Changzhou (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the last years of the Yuan Dynasty and when the flock was chasing deer, he lived in seclusion in Wusong Qingqiu and gave himself the name Qingqiuzi. Gao Qi was a well-rounded literati, knowledgeable, good at writing articles, poetry belonged to the first class at that time, together with Liu Ji and Song Lian, he was called "the three masters of poetry in the early Ming Dynasty", and together with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu, and Xu Ben, he was known as the "Four Masters of Wuzhong", and in the "Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries", he was written as "genius Gao Yi, above the poets of the Ming generation." ”

Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, attached great importance to the work of revision of history, and in the year he ascended the throne (1368), he issued an edict to revise the "History of the Yuan". He was mainly motivated by political necessity to explain that the demise of the Yuan Dynasty and the establishment of the Ming Dynasty were due to the Mandate of Heaven by writing the history books of the previous dynasty, and he himself was the one chosen by the Mandate of Heaven. Because at this time, although the defeat of the Yuan Dynasty had been decided, there were still resistance forces in the world, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the way the former dynasty revised history was actually to tell the people of the world that the Yuan Dynasty was dead and the world was unified.

On the first day of February in the second year of Hongwu (1369), the tianjie temple in Nanjing (now the east of the Chaotian Palace in Nanjing) was officially written, with Li Shanchang as the superintendent of zuo xiang, Song Lian and Wang Yuan as the presidents, and sixteen people including Wang Kekuan, Hu Han, and Zhao Xi, who were hidden in the mountains and forests, to participate in the repair. The repair ended in August, which lasted 188 days, and completed all the repair work except for the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Shun Emperor. The second time, song lian and Wang Yuan, were still the presidents, leading Zhao Xi, Zhu You, Bei Qiong and fifteen other people to continue to repair, and Hongwu started again on the sixth day of February in the third year, and completed on the first day of July, with a history of 143 days.

The two revisions, which lasted only 331 days, completed a total of 210 volumes of the "History of the Yuan", and Qian Daxin, a historian of the Qing Dynasty and a representative figure of the Qianjia School, commented that "the speed of the formation of ancient and modern history is not as fast as the "History of the Yuan", and the inferiority of the text is not as good as the "History of the Yuan". Why did he complete it so quickly, in fact, Zhu Yuanzhang had been pressing them to complete it in order to achieve his political goals.

Gao Qi was also recommended to participate in the compilation of the Yuan Shi because of his high literary name, was awarded the title of editor of the national history of the Hanlin Academy, and was also appointed as the teacher of the princes. The poem "The Princes in the Qingming Pavilion" was written during the second revision period, it may be that there was no holiday in the museum during the tight work hours of the history, or it may be that colleagues had no place to go to the museum during the holiday, and on the day of the Qingming Festival, Gao Qi and his equally excellent colleagues sang and played and wrote this poem.

"The light smoke of the new fire on the Qingming Dynasty covered the willows in the imperial city, which were blown by the wind and swung to the walls of the imperial city; the people in the city carried the almond porridge made to the respecting neighbors, and the porridge was fragrant, and the people's faces were full of happiness and praise each other. Looking up at the outskirts of the capital City of Nanjing, I saw that the green mountains were hidden and endless, and there was not a wanderer who lived in another country during the Qingming Dynasty who did not miss his parents and relatives. I also saw that the spring grass at the bian pot shrine was confused, and the front of the former residence of Mo Shu was already covered with fallen flowers. Fortunately, today, there are still the public members in the museum as companions, and we have a good taste of wine. ”

The poet must have written this poem on a very good site, probably on a tall building, and he stood by the window, overlooking both the inside of Nanjing and the outside of the city. Not only can they respond with the princes behind them, but they can also carefully observe the people inside and outside the city and the spring scenery of the Qingming Dynasty. The first link began to be written from the custom of Qingming, in fact, in our current view is a long-standing custom, which was happening in front of the poet's eyes at that time.

In ancient times, the day before the Qingming Dynasty was the Cold Food Festival, the fire was forbidden to eat cold food, and the next day the fire was re-ignited, so it was called new smoke. Lu Qi of the Jin Dynasty wrote in the Book of Yizhong: "Cold food is made of liquor for three days, japonica rice and wheat are boiled as cheese, and almonds are boiled as porridge." "In ancient times, cold food was mostly traditional food such as dumplings, apricot porridge, and wheat porridge that were easy to digest. The people of the city are happily celebrating the festival according to the customs that have been passed down for a long time.

Baixia is another name for Nanjing, there is Baishi Mountain in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, rich in limestone and dolomite, and the downhill slope of the mountain is called Baixiapi, before the Tang Dynasty, "Baixia" specifically refers to the area around baishi under Baishi Mountain. The poet's perspective has shifted from the city to the outside of the city, where the poet's psychological feelings have also changed, may be looking at the new fire everywhere in the city, people give each other food for the festival, so that the poet can't help but think of his hometown, so he looks in the direction of home, but Nanjing City is surrounded by green mountains, can not see where home is, this objective reason also catalyzed the poet's inner homesickness. In the artistic expression of poetry, the poet sees the scenery and is full of emotion, and uses the happy scenery to set off his homesickness, and sets off his homesickness with colorful and picturesque weeping willows, apricot cheese, green mountains, herbs, falling flowers and other scenery.

Bian Hou was a Bian Hu during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after the Jin Dynasty Emperor ascended the throne, he served as Shang Shuling, united with his foreign relative Yu Liang to jointly take charge of the secret, Xianhe three years (328), led troops to quell su Jun's rebellion, martyred himself, and buried in the west side of the Chaotian Palace in Nanjing. The poet was compiling the history of chaotian palace, so he wrote him into poetry. And Lu Nu is Mo Shuo, everyone in Nanjing knows the legend of Mo Shuo, Mo Shuo Lake is also to commemorate Mo Shuo Nu and changed its name, and Mo Shuo Lake is also near chaotian Palace, the poet must have seen Mo Shuo Lake, so he also wrote Mo Shuo Nu into the poem.

On the surface, the poet only writes what he sees into the poem, but in fact, these two poems convey the deep meaning of the poet. Mifangcao is a meaning of yerba buena and a piece of misery, which is used in the sentence "Wang Sun You Xi does not return, and the spring grass gives birth to a mother-in-law" in the "Chu Ci Zhao Shi", expressing the meaning of returning. At the same time, the poet juxtaposes the tombs of The Marquis of Bian with herbs and Bian Hou, and reflects them with falling flowers and Mo Sorrowful Women, implying the feeling that wealth is difficult to be proud for a long time, and it is difficult to stay for a long time when it is prosperous.

At this time, the poet turned around and saw that when Wen Jie was a time today, there were many of his former friends, and soon the "History of yuan" would be finished, and he would soon return to his hometown, and the happy days of studying and living in his hometown would soon come, but it was rare to have a time to gather with friends like this, so why not seize the opportunity to drink with friends. This, again, is where the poet's freedom lies.

Today is Qingming, tomorrow is the resumption of work, the hometown is another country, it is difficult to return home. So, let's grasp this moment, take advantage of the spring light with friends and relatives around us, and have free time, drink and talk together, and get drunk with spring.

Editor: Yuan Yuan 丨 Editor: Xu Fengchao 丨Design: Sun Yueyuan