A well-known blogger once asked: Who is the most regrettable poet?
In the comments under the page, some people lamented that Wang Bo, a young genius, suffered ups and downs, drowned early, making ZhuJie Xingluo's "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion" a masterpiece; some people lamented that Li He, who "when he was twenty years old, he was sad and thankful like Kulan", died young and broke the ghost talent; surprisingly, no one even mentioned Gao Qi, this amazingly talented and independent poet, just in his prime, suddenly died under the emperor's sword, and a sincere poetic soul fell on the poetry altar.
"The genius of enlightenment is high and easy, and it is really above the poets of the Ming generation." The Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries highly praised Gao Qi's poetic achievements. Chen Tian's "Chronicle of Ming Poetry" believes that Gao Qi "worked together in all bodies, and his genius was extraordinary, and he was allowed to be the first poet of the ming dynasty for three hundred years, and he was not only crowned for a while." Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry" said that "there are poets of the Ming generation, and there is no one who can reach it."
In the past three hundred years, there have been so many poets. To be able to stand out in the washing of history and dominate the first place in a generation of poetry circles, it should be said that Gao Qi's poetic achievements must have reached a considerable height. Regrettably, however, the attention he received in later life was not commensurate with his achievements.
Thirty-nine years old is the half life of many people, but it is the life of Gao Qi's ups and downs. Gao Qi was born in Wu County (present-day Suzhou) at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when the world was in chaos, the masses rose up, and many separatist regimes fought and killed. Wu County, because it was on the edge of the intertwined teeth of war, was relatively peaceful, providing a shelter for Wuzhong poets, and Wuzhong also became the most prosperous area in the poetry circle at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The Beiguo Poetry Society, presided over by Gao Qi, and the Yushan Yaji, presided over by Gu Ying, shine in the sword light and blood shadow of Yuanming communication, and the poetry and wine flow and shine in the world.
The huge shadow of the times will always be projected on everyone in the torrent of history. From the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1356) to the twenty-seventh year of the Zhizheng (1367), Zhang Shicheng ruled Suzhou for ten years. Zhang Shicheng was a "good soldier", and the soldiers were attached to him. Gao Qi's close friends such as Rao Jie, Yu Yaochen, Yang Ji, and Xu Ben all served zhang Shicheng. Gao Qi himself once served as the "record room" of Zhang Shicheng's chancellor's mansion, but resigned less than a year later.
In the 27th year, the city of Suzhou was attacked by Zhu Yuanzhang's army, and the literati who were involved in Zhang Shicheng were involved, or they were degraded or killed, and the outcome was tragic. Gao Qi was spared by resigning from his post as a secretary before Zhang Shicheng proclaimed himself King of Wu, and Gao Qi's second daughter died in shock during the war. After experiencing turmoil, Gao Qi is full of sorrow in the face of the reality of the death of his relatives, the depreciation of his friends, and the abandonment of the pond garden.
In November of the first year of Ming Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang "asked for a reclusive soldier from the side" and issued an edict to edit the "History of the Yuan". Gao Qi, as a famous leader of the Wu Chinese people, was naturally among those who were recruited. Gao Qi had seen several of his friends being belittled, and he had also been shocked to hear of the tragic end of Rao Jie's murder. Worried but with no choice, he embarked on a trip to Beijing.
In Nanjing, he personally felt the joy of the unification of the world, the restoration of han yi, and the peace of the country, and also experienced the glorious moment of the grand event of the "Yuan History". However, the hierarchical eunuch career made him feel depressed, and the pain of the guest residence in Beijing made him deeply miss his hometown and relatives and friends, and when he finished the "History of yuan" and was promoted to the position of hubu waiter, he resolutely chose to resign and return to his hometown. Gao Qi, who returned to his hometown, had only one ordinary wish: "Heaven can tolerate old age by this river, and I wish to sleep for a long time without anything" ("Sleep").
However, fate was extremely cruel to him, and just four years later, Wei Guan, the prefect of Suzhou, was convicted of reforming the fuzhi, and Gao Qi was implicated in the work of "Shangliang Wen" for the reform of the fuzhi and beheaded in the city. Gao Qi's tragedy was the result of the interweaving of a variety of factors: the reluctance of the scribes to join the army, the suspicion of the king, and the legacy of political confrontation.
In any case, Gao Qi's death in the young age is undoubtedly a major loss for the poetry of the Ming Dynasty. He is a poet of natural self-realization. The paleographer Gu Shi commented in the Outline of the History of Chinese Literature that "he is a poet of heaven, so whoever is a poet and a poet can be self-conscious." His poetry creation genres include Lefu, Wuyan Ancient Poems, Seven Ancient Poems, Five-Word Rhythm Poems, Seven-Word Rhythm Poems, Five-Word Absolute Sentences, Seven-Word Absolute Sentences, and three-word poems, three-four-word poems, six-word poems, joint sentences, row laws, song lines, etc., and the asanas are very rich, and all kinds of works.
Gao Qi is enthusiastic and sincere, and he is also keen and alert. His poems have a wide range of themes, "fate follows things, and things are given shape", and the emotions are sincere and meaningful.
He attaches great importance to friendship and likes to make friends, "a cup of acquaintances into confidants, why should he be a deceased person in his lifetime" ("Feng Zhang Beijia"), learned that his friend Rao Jie was killed, and wept bitterly to know the grace of the encounter, "No reason to build on the river, should be known for ten years" ("Crying Linchuan Gong").
He respected his wife and was single-minded, "Mo Xin Chang'an Dao, flowers and branches full of good buildings" ("Answer to the Inner Mail"), cherished his children, father's love was like a mountain, "every time he remembered the two waiting in front of the door, the long night in the guest dreamed of flying" ("The second daughter of the guest remembered").
He pitied the peasants' sufferings and sympathized with the people's livelihood, "the eaves of the car is in a hurry, and it is the time when the summer tax is urged" ("Silkworm Raising Words"),Insight into history, insight into the police, contrary to the old theory of the predecessors who blamed Yue Fei's death on Qin Juniper, the spearhead pointed directly at the real murderer Song Gaozong hidden behind, "Who asks for a sword above every memory?" The Empty High Temple Zizang Palace" ("The Tomb of The King of Yue"),familiar with the ancient and modern evolution, the lessons of personnel gains and losses, good at using the codex, sighed "A hundred years of wealth and nobility, the Yongmen piano is good and sad? (NodaYuki).
He is also good at writing scenes, is a master of writing plum blossoms, and his sentence "Snow is full of mountains in gaoshi lying down, and the moon is bright under the forest" is the famous sentence of "Dream of the Red Chamber": "Empty facing, mountain gaoshi crystal snow; never forget, the worldly immortals and lonely forests" are born out of the abyss.
Gao Qi's poetry is ethereal and elegant, and the style is extraordinary. From Gao Qi's more than 2,000 poems, the Commentary on Gao Qi's poems selects nearly 200 poems of different periods, categories and genres, annotates and appreciates them, and on the basis of the research of predecessors, conducts in-depth and meticulous research and commentary on Gao Qi's poems.
Liu Zhaoming Commentary Huangshan Book Club published
Because the current academic research on Gao Qi is still relatively weak, there are many problems that need to be clarified regarding his life and parallel traces, travels, writings, poetic theories, and so on. Therefore, to comment on a poem, it often involves a lot of historical facts, and it is necessary to cross the fog of history and return to the historical scene as much as possible.
This book is based on Jin Tanji's Commentaries, Xu Chengyu, and Shen Beizong's "Gao Qingqiu Collection", and refers to Qian Bocheng's "Commentaries on Famous Chinese Literary Scholars in Past Dynasties, Gao Qi", Chen Jianhua's "Chinese Classical Literature Series Examination Gao Qi's Poetry And Literary System Year Supplement", Jia Jiyong's "Wu Zhong's Four Masters Chronology", Du Guichen's "Selected Poems of Ming", Chen Lanzhai's "Selected Poems of Gao Qi", Li Shenghua's "Selected Poems of Gao Qi" and other relevant treatises , reproducing the literary and artistic style of his poetry, very readable.
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