Illustrated texts
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Chinese textbook covers during the Republic of China
My elementary school was located in the southeast elementary school in the northwest corner of the west entrance of Dongmutou City, from 1948 to 1952, spanning around the time of liberation. Southeast Primary School had an advanced concept and novel curriculum, and was a well-known private primary school in Xi'an at that time.
At that time, my family lived at No. 22, East Wood City, opposite the democratic party office. It is a famous cultural district with many schools, both public and private. Around my home, there are Kaitong Lane Primary School, Wuliu Lane Primary School, West Shifu Primary School, Lunhai Primary School, Youth Association Primary School (Church School), West Wood City Primary School, Dongtingmen Primary School, and Sanxue Street Primary School (Jianben Xuetang). The middle schools are Zhongzheng Middle School (now No. 8 Middle School), Xi'an High School, Julin Middle School, Xi'an Normal School, Jiefang Middle School, and Southeast Middle School.
I started attending Kaitong Lane Elementary School in 1947, when I was 5 years old. On the first day of school, there were many people, and some of them brought their own small benches. Parents bring small children, the classroom is crowded, and some children even pee in the classroom. The teacher reads the text in class, "Come, come, come, come to school." "It was my first lesson in life. Later, my family knew that I had gone to school with Erhei, so they made up for me. At that time, the winter in Xi'an was particularly cold, and my grandmother put me in strappy cotton pants, first baked on the charcoal brazier, and helped me tie the strap. There is no heating in the classroom, there is a lot of urine, and the hands are frozen stiff when they go to the toilet, and they can't undo the belt, and they can't pee their pants before it's too late. I peed my pants once, and it was my classmate's sister who carried me back to change my pants.
In the second grade, my father Gao Youming (a member of the Shaanxi League and a pioneer of the Xinhai Revolution) transferred me to The Southeast Elementary School. After testing, the teacher said that the child's little arithmetic was still fast. Since then, I have been in the southeast elementary school, and I have posted a note for a probationary student in the upper right corner of the desk, which is 1948.
Southeast Elementary School is located in the northwest corner of the West Exit of East Wood City, diagonally opposite the 24th Middle School.
The school's gate is the same as the double-open wooden gatehouse of ordinary houses. Enter the campus through the aisle from the illuminated wall to the left. In the middle of a row of houses is the Academic Affairs Office, on the right side there is a bell screen mirror, The Yang Lian writes "Etiquette, Righteousness, Shame, Benevolence, Wisdom and Letter" and other contents, and the banner is "The world is public", and the students enter the school here to look in the mirror and wear a full crown. From the passage inward to the playground, there is a pair of parallel bars, where children play a game of dogs and rabbits. Students on both sides simultaneously prop up their bodies with their arms, flip over the bar on the right side, go to the opposite side, and repeat this action. Touching the opponent's body quickly is the master. The slow ones are eliminated, and then a classmate relays. On the east side of the playground there is a podium, which is where the flag-raising ceremony and the principal's speech are held. Every day, when the flag is raised, students line up, and some students play the flute and play music. There is a stage in the north section of the playground where you can perform shows, and a commissary in the northeast corner where you can buy stationery paper. Sell steamed bread in the morning, and the steamed buns are fried in sesame oil. There are also fritters, tofu brain, there is a kind of glutinous rice balls served in wooden barrels, which are spread flat on a wet cloth, put half a fritter in the middle, and kneaded into a round strip by hand, which is very strong and delicious to eat. Outside the school gate, there are vendors selling date meat paste, using casseroles to hold date meat paste and carrying burdens. There is a stone monument next to the stage of the playground, which is put down as a table tennis case, and the students bring their own rackets and line up to play. If you lose, you get off the stage, you come up and take your own table tennis, and the winner doesn't take the ball. Sometimes the ball is stepped on a pit and boiled with boiling water to restore it.
On the right wall after the entrance to the school, there is a stone stele engraved with the list of funds raised for the school and the amount of money, among which there is Zhang Wang's family, so-and-so's family, or anonymous family. Judging from the above situation, the school site is a courtyard building, which was rebuilt from the Shaoxing Guild Hall.
There are several classrooms at the back of the playground, and then there are male and female toilets on the east side, and from the west music classroom through the west passage to South Avenue, which is the back door of the school. Usually, there is always an iron general locked, and there is a mysterious feeling.
The school has a four-year junior primary school, a high primary school for two years, and enters the high school after the examination. Courses include Chinese language, arithmetic, nature, mei lao (manual labor), physical education, history and so on. There are principals, directors of instruction, class teachers and teachers. A co-worker is responsible for watching the gate, cleaning, and ringing the bell in and out of class.
At a regular school-wide meeting, the Director of Education introduced the newly hired class teacher, Mr. Shen Tianwen. Teacher Shen was dressed in a robe, and he took off his top hat to introduce himself. Since then, Mr. Shin has taken us to learn until we graduate from elementary school. I remembered that in the autumn of that time, Teacher Shen said that when the chrysanthemums were in full bloom, the crabs were fat, the crab yellow was delicious, the old wine of Shaoxing, and the talents of Jiangnan. Eating crab must be accompanied by warm ginger to detoxify fish and shrimp. I silently remembered the teacher I respected when I was a child, and I will never forget it for the rest of my life.
Teachers and classmates in Southeast Elementary School talk about Chinese, commonly known as "Beijing Cavity". The bite words are clearer, the speed of speech is slightly faster, peaceful and low-key, and the quarrels between classmates appear to be rhythmic and "spirited". My family asked me, have you learned the Beijing dialect, and I said I learned. They let me talk in beijing, and I had a feeling of foreign studentship and superiority. The teacher has a teaching pole and a ruler in class, which is used when asking students to memorize texts. I remember the teacher's mantra: filial piety is born under the wicker, and the tree is not shaken or made of wood.
The music classroom is quiet near the back door deep in the school. Teacher Sun Zhiping teaches, she is skilled on the blackboard floor book staves, naughty students say like bean sprouts. She taught us about pitching, scales, beats, singing, crescendo, legato, and score recognition. The classroom has a violin, which is used as a timbre and accompaniment. We practice the ear sounds, with the sound of ah, ah, ah, ah, from low to high, from high to low, this basic training, constantly repeated and corrected. Once the sister of classmate Jia Lihui passed by the classroom, the teacher called her in affectionately, the teacher played the piano to let her sing, everyone listened to the song: "Time is like flowing water, after a while, after class, after school, we think about it carefully, today's homework is not done well?" What the teacher said, there was no violation. "This Republic of China song adopts the tune of an American country country song, with cleverly combined words, which is very beautiful.
At that time, there was also the graduating class of the Teachers' College who came here to observe the teaching, and the teacher also asked them to teach us to sing a song, and the lyrics had a small foreign language, and we could sing it, not knowing what it meant.
There is a teacher In the school, There is a teacher Zhang, who is happy and smiling, amiable, and has a high achievement in Peking Opera. He selected some classmates, including Daniel Zhang, Mao Sui, Yue Delong, Song Dexiang, Hu Dayuan, Tang Yongnian, Liang Chen, Zhao Fusheng, Xie Zhi rafters... Every day after class, Peking Opera is rehearsed, because he has opera theory and teaching skills, is good at directing rehearsals, and soon the literary and martial arts scenes with the participation of teachers are organized, and the repertoire is also rehearsed and mature. The repertoire is "Wisdom Robbery Birthday Program" and "Fishing and Killing Families".
I still remember the pomp and circumstance of the official performance. The young actors all dress up and put on costumes. The opening gong and drum guys beat and the actors came on stage. The students in this class are all smart and clever, strong imitation, and really admire Teacher Zhang's choreography and direction, although the scene and singing performance have been heard for half a century, and the language can be detailed.
After watching the play, I went with Fan Bing and Mao Sui all the way, and I praised them for performing well. Soon they arrived at their residence, in a large courtyard at the East Hall Gate, diagonally opposite Xi'an High School, where the Lion Roar Troupe stayed. In the courtyard, I saw some actors pulling muscles and kicking legs, some hanging their throats, some playing with sticks and sticks, playing against each other, practicing very seriously and hard. Mr. Fan Puting of the troupe is a well-known dramatist, screenwriter, and director, no wonder they have such a skill, we have a lot of fun there.
A few years later, the name of Daniel Zhang appeared on the poster of the Shaanxi Provincial Song and Dance Theater, and the lead actor reminded me of the performance of the school's "Fishing and Killing The Family", he played the teacher. Daniel Zhang is a proud protégé of Teacher Zhang, and after graduating from primary school, he was selected by the Song and Dance Theater and became famous in one fell swoop.
We usually leave the school in two teams after school, one way to the west and one way to the east. To the west is Xiaoxiangzimiao Street, South Street, Waterlogged Lane, Descending Alley, Kaiyuan Temple, and to the east is Dongmutou City, Anju Lane, Wuliu Lane, Cypress Grove, East Hall Gate, and West Lane.
I was curious and mysterious about the environment in the west, and I didn't know what it looked like. Later, it was gradually learned that the Jia Lihui sisters lived in Defu Lane on Xiaoxiangzimiao Street, and that the hanging pot in the family was specialized in the treatment of urological diseases (flower willow disease), and the houses on that street were Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings, which had historical value and were sold in urban transformation decades later. Classmate Yue Delong's family is in the south street waterlogged alley, Hubei people, the family opened a hostel. Lu Yongshou's family opened a noodle shop on South Avenue, and the family had a bicycle that was an American cow. Mou Xiaonong's family is opposite the school, opening a noodle shop, and his father is Mou Wenqing. Liang Chen's family is at the South Courtyard Gate, in the Zhejiang Guild Hall, and his mother works at the Ju Garden Newspaper. Peng Xingya is outside the South Gate, and his family is engaged in glass manufacturing, making Jingle Bells in the New Year. Zhao Yongqi set up a dyeing workshop in Xiazi Lane. Zhang Jianmin, home in East Wood City, opened a wood furniture workshop. Hu Dayuan and Hu Xiaoyuan's family opened a hardware and electricity store on East Avenue. Sun Chunying, home to open flour mill and machining department. Song Jisan's parents in Yongbao Lane work at the post office, and Zhao Fusheng's parents are celebrity chefs who make chicken with vegetarian food. The Wang Zhangxiu sisters live in Yumachi Lane, and their parents are business owners and capitalists of Dahua Spinning Factory. The squad leader was named Wang Xiujie, and the squad cadres were Zhang Bingyue and Lu Qinglan. Literary and art activist Liu Qiaoyun is good at playing waist drums, An Wenhui and Zhao Fusheng are actors who sing male and female duets, and Shi Jiping and Liu Xinhai can play erhu.
At that time, there were many children, like Yue Delong, Yue Demao, Yue Dexiu (female), Hu Dayuan, Hu Eryuan, Three Yuan, Four Yuan, Five Yuan, Six Yuan, my younger brother Gao Mingwei, Gao Qihong, and so on, all of whom were brothers and sisters in the same family studying at Southeast Primary School.
Every time the school starts, you have to register for tuition, and the tuition fee is two bags of ocean noodles. Some students are in difficulty, teachers and classmates will go to the home of the difficult students to ask about the situation, do work and find ways to let the children go to school.
After the founding of New China, a new atmosphere of vitality appeared on the campus, and everything was so fresh and so hot. Twisting songs, beating gongs and drums, going to the streets and suburbs to publicize. The school hangs portraits of leaders of Ma, En, Lenin, Lenin, Slovak and Mao, banners that read "Serve the People" and "Seek Truth from Facts" are very eye-catching, and there are also famous quotations such as "Modesty makes people progress, and pride makes people backward." We were born in the old society, grew up in the red flag of the generation, there is a kind of youthful enthusiasm.
The school showed us slideshows on "From Ape to Man" and labor to create the world. We learned to sing many songs such as the Internationale, the National Anthem, and the Singing of the Motherland. The "Internationale", which makes people's blood boil, has a sentence "Internakhonel must be realized", and in the last paragraph, it is repeated to raise the octave, at that time I don't know what it means, but our blood is already boiling. Later, we also sang some songs to distinguish between the old society and the new society, the old democratic revolution, and the new democratic revolution. There is a lyric that reads: "The old society is like a dry well with black grunts and rumbles, the bottom of the well is pressed against our people, and the women are at the bottom..." One is: "My family lives in Tianjin City, working as a female worker in a spinning mill, the past days were like horses and cattle, they didn't have enough to eat and wear, and Il'er Yo Oh, the days of suffering have no head." Since coming to the Communist Party, Ah Bao can also go to school..."
On the stage of the school playground, the new program performed is labor glory, good food lazy do shameful. The literary and artistic publicity outside the school is also very active, and a stage was set up in the empty field of the Confucius Temple on Sanxue Street, and the performance was "Little Two Black Marriage", and the audience was crowded.
The teacher who teaches the art and handicraft class is surnamed Zhao and has a strong body. Once when Yue Delong came to my backyard, I put the wooden box and toolbox I had found under the eaves, and I helped him lay it down, and soon I made a model car, and I was very happy. But he had to change the decoration again and again, and he took it to his house, and his father installed the headlights, which were modified with a flashlight. We presented it in class and received praise from Mr. Zhao and his classmates.
Yue Delong put the two of us's little books in a cardboard box and said that he would set up a small library, and he would register the catalog and provide it to the students to see. At that time, we subscribed to a copy of the China Junior Daily, and he proposed that we write a letter to the leader Chairman Mao, and we would each write a letter of tribute and send it to the editorial office of the newspaper. Soon after, I received a reply, telling us that the letter had been submitted to the offices of the relevant departments, and that your feelings of loving the great leader were very valuable, and I hoped that you would study hard and improve every day.
In 1951, when I was in the fifth grade, my father unfortunately died of illness, and deep mourning and solemn spiritual hall suppressed my young heart. When I was filial piety for my father's soul, in a burst of screaming, the little friends appeared in front of the spiritual hall in groups, and in the sound of the screams, they lit incense for my father and sent wreaths and accounts. Look down at their backs as they drift away. As a child, I am very grateful for this deep friendship from my classmates.
Afterwards, I learned that some students saved early and pocket money, some reached out to their parents, and according to funeral customs, they asked for Xie Xiaoxiao, and the housekeeper Luo Shijie gave me an explanation, and sent them invitations and hospitality, and attached ore inscriptions (a kind of stone carved rubbing buried in the grave to record the life deeds of the deceased).
Liang Chen said to me, "You and I are children without fathers. "This same experience keeps us together a lot. When I arrived at his house and saw his father's last photograph solemnly hanging in the house, he told me: "I am a widow, I have never seen my father, my father was killed in the anti-Japanese war." "Among the many friendly children, our closeness is a little different because we have a common experience.
In fact, at that time, we were young and did not know much about my father's situation. On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, I saw a report entitled "Liang Xixian, a General of Tongchuan Who Died for the Country During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression." Liang Xixian was Liang Chen's father, and the text records that he was one of the five Shaanxi generals who were martyred in the eight-year War of Resistance. The posthumous photo that I saw in Liang Chen's home as a child was impressively published in the newspaper. The deeds of General Liang Xixian are recorded in the "History of the National Revolutionary War , Part III", and now the civil affairs department has issued martyrs' certificates to the families.
When I was about to graduate from elementary school, the teacher asked in class, what ideals do you have when you grow up? She smiled and asked her classmates to answer one by one, and Liang Chen stood up and replied, "My ideal is to be an engineer." Song Dexiang replied: "I dream of being a pilot." Wang Xiujie said: "I am willing to be a teacher"... I was thinking about how to answer the teacher, when the teacher clicked on me, I said, "My ideal when I grow up is to serve the people." ”
When I was twelve, I finished my studies at Southeast Elementary School. The school was later renamed East Wood City Elementary School.
Later, I attended the private Southeast Middle School on Xiangzimiao Street.