Dong dialects are divided into: the southern Dong dialect area (Dong nationality song singing area), the northern Dong dialect area (Dong mountain song singing area).
Here mainly discuss the Dong mountain song, we first come to understand the Dong mountain song, Dong mountain song is the traditional folk music spread in the northern Dong dialect area, is a kind of folk song when young men and women express love when they fall in love, the traditional singing tune is short and worrying, the tune is single, and the lyrics can be freely sung. That is: the tune does not change, the lyrics are changed, and people listen to the meaning of the lyrics and do not care much about the melody. Therefore, the song tone is flat, as long as the lyrics are sung, the singing time is relatively short, and a seven-word and four-sentence Dong song is sung for forty or fifty seconds.
The tone of the Dong mountain song is roughly the same as that of the Dong wine song.
There is a highlight of the Dong mountain songs, that is, each song is a rhyming poem, usually with seven words and four sentences, nine words and four sentences, and the slightly more difficult ones are eleven words and four sentences, thirteen words and four sentences. Singers with high level of songwriting, export into songs.
Like other ethnic groups, the Dong people also have a splendid and colorful national culture. The Dong people in the northern Dong dialect area, like the Dong people in other regions, have no writing, only language. But the cultural level and literacy is higher, as far as folk songs are concerned, "There are many Dong songs, singing enough for you to drag with a boat, a hundred boats can not fit, the remaining songs flow into the river." ”
People praised Dongxiang as an "ocean of songs" and "Dong is a nation of music". As it turns out, the Dong people are proud to be able to sing, and regard those who can sing well as smart people. However, since the reform and opening up, the accelerated development of industrialization and urbanization has undergone major changes in the production and lifestyle of ethnic minorities who originally lived in the mountains, which has also changed the environment on which dong mountain songs depend, and many traditional customs have also changed. Dong mountain songs have lost their singing atmosphere,
Dong mountain song culture has become people's past memory, Dong mountain song culture and art in people's disregard is facing extinction, the inheritors of Dong mountain song are aging, there is no successor, relying on oral teaching of Dong mountain song in the continuous disappearance, especially the development of the network, multicultural exchanges, accelerated the speed of disappearance.
Mr. Wu Shitao, who grew up in the Dong area, was deeply influenced by the Dong mountain song culture, and the Dong mountain song gave him the enlightenment and life insight of life. Although Wu Shitao is now working in Beijing, his heart is deeply attached to his hometown, looking at the dong mountain song that is about to disappear, the sense of urgency, sense of mission, and sense of responsibility arise spontaneously, Wu Shitao thinks about the future survival and development of the Dong mountain song, analyzes and concludes that the changes in the internal and external environment of the Dong mountain song are the root causes of its demise, and deeply realizes that the Dong mountain song has its own shortcomings, the tune is short and sad, the melody is monotonous, the young people are unwilling to learn to sing, and the lack of endogenous motivation is the fatal factor for its gradual demise.
It is imperative to think about how to enhance the endogenous power of the old-tuned Dong mountain song and give it new vitality. After Wu Shitao studied in detail the old-tuned Dong mountain songs, which can only be sung locally, the melody is restrained and low-key, the tune is short and sad, the mood is depressed, and it cannot fully express the free-spirited, enthusiastic and high-pitched emotions of modern people, as well as the reasons that are not conducive to foreign exchanges. Wu Shitao referred to the characteristics of folk songs of other ethnic groups in China, combined with the old-key singing method of Dong mountain songs, innovative interpretation of the old-key Dong mountain songs, after Wu Shitao's innovative interpretation of the Dong mountain songs have these characteristics: every two lyrics are separated and sung, although the lyrics are few, but the tone is elongated, the tone is raised, the beat is lengthened between each two lyrics, and in the elongated beat vibrato, no meaning of the lining words and transposition are added to modify, so that the elongated tune is freely connected, the melody is ups and downs, and the soothing freedom is relaxed. It sounds like both the high-pitched and loud folk songs of northern Shaanxi, the long and broad folk songs of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the mongolian long tune with many words and a long breath. Originally a song only took forty or fifty seconds to sing, after Wu Shitao's innovative Dong mountain song can be sung for more than two minutes, the innovative Dong mountain song sounds high-pitched, ethereal and long, melodious and graceful, pleasant to the ear.
In order to innovate and inherit the mountain songs of the Dong nationality, Wu Shitao successfully held the "Wu Shitao Dong Mountain Song Concert" in the Concert Hall of the Central Conservatory of Music, the highest institution in the Chinese music industry; sang the Dong Mountain Song on the CCTV stage, the sound of nature, and won the gold medal; was invited to participate in the performance of foreign embassies in China; was invited to participate in the "Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party" literary and artistic performance; and was invited to participate in the "World Intangible Cultural Heritage Forum" and the "National Music Innovation Talent Seminar" held by the Communication University of China.
Wu Shitao interpreted the high-pitched and long-tone innovation of Dong mountain songs very perfectly, and held a very good singing, inheritance and dissemination, achieving good social effects, and setting an example for the innovative inheritance and development of the original ecological traditional music of Chinese ethnic minorities.
In terms of inheritance methods, some scholars have proposed to stick to the tradition in the original way, and some scholars have proposed to keep pace with the times and innovate continuously. Facts tell people that sticking to tradition and self-sufficiency will end up with the gradual demise of intangible cultural heritage. Only by advancing with the times and constantly innovating can the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage.
Wu Shitao's pioneering enlightenment for the innovative inheritance and development of the traditional music of the Non-Heritage Dong ethnic group. Although the government has also issued protection regulations and implemented the protection regulations of intangible cultural heritage, it has also received certain effects, continuing the life of intangible cultural heritage, but the symptoms are not cured. Sticking to tradition may accelerate its demise, and there is hope for keeping pace with the times and innovating and developing. Enhancing the endogenous power of non-genetic heritage protection projects, improving their ability to adapt to the new environment, and giving new vitality to intangible cultural heritage are the best ways to inherit and protect.
Everything in the world is developing in constant change, change is the law of the development of things, the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is not static, only innovative inheritance, inheriting the old elements of intangible cultural heritage, integrating new elements of modern development and change, innovative inheritance has vitality, in order to meet the development of the times, which is also the philosophical view of Marxist-Leninist materialist dialectics.
(Author: Chen Guangcan, cadre of Tianzhu County Government, Guizhou Province)
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