March 3
Song Hai Fei Hua
It is the third of March of another year, the song sea spring warm blossoms, in this land soaked with nostalgia, there are still endless Liu Sanjie, singing endless intoxicating mountain songs.
In the 1960s, the movie "Liu Sanjie" swept the country, and Huang Wanqiu became a household name in that era by playing the role of "Liu Sanjie".
The story of Liu Sanjie, which originated in the Tang Dynasty, has been praised for thousands of years, why is her charm so great? What does she have to do with Guangxi's long-standing Gehai culture?
At the 2022 Spring Festival Group Meeting of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council held in the Great Hall of the People, the clip of the Guangxi Drama Theater's color tune drama "New Liu Sanjie" was brilliantly unveiled. This is also the first time that the Spring Festival Group of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council has invited local operas to participate in the performance.
In Guangxi, another high-quality program "Twelve Days of Zhuang Folk Songs" is also bringing an audio-visual feast to the audience in Guangxi, and the symbol of Zhuang culture, the Song of the Zhuang People, has been given a new spirit of the times, which is refreshing.
The colorful dramas and songs sung on the tall stage are all the shining waves of Guangxi Gehai culture. Walking into the corridor of time, people will have more understanding of Guangxi March Three Songs.
According to the incomplete statistics of the "Song Wei Distribution Table" released by the Institute of Ethnic folk literature of Guangxi Normal University (now Guangxi Normal University) in 1985, among the 85 counties and cities in Guangxi at that time, there were 637 song polder points, the smallest scale of 300 people, the largest of more than 40,000 people, of which 92 were more than 10,000 people.
When did Guangxi Gexu culture start?
Ge wei is a word that began to appear in the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty Guangzhuang poet Li Shenchan wrote: "In the middle of the fourth month of the song of the year, gather to see Bai Shuo and Huang Tong". In the Zhuang language, "hawfaengz", "roengzdoengh", "okgamj", etc. all mean "gewei", and the names vary from place to place.
Among them, the word "Woyan", which remains in Jingxi, Baise, Bama, Du'an and other places with better preservation of Zhuang culture, reveals ancient information.
Okgamj, meaning "out of the cave". Many scholars speculate that the ancestors of the Zhuang people originally lived a cave life, and the caves naturally formed an ethnic marriage relationship with each other, and the so-called "cave out" of the Zhuang ancestors is the original form of "Gewei". The ancestors of different caves gathered together and sang certain things to form a certain common consciousness. Over the course of time, the content of chants has gradually evolved from witchcraft worship and historical legends to personal expressions of emotion.
In the rock paintings along the banks of the Ming River in Ningming, Guangxi, the combination of brass drums, horns and bells, and the body movements of the characters are arranged to form a spectacular song and dance picture. Many scholars also believe that the Huashan Cliff rock paintings prove that Gewei was popular from the Warring States to the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Zhongyuan also passed the third of March
The integration of Central Plains culture and Lingnan culture makes "March 3" the most distinctive part of Gehai culture.
In 214 BC, the Lingqu canal was successfully excavated, connecting the two major river systems of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, the Qin Dynasty unified the Lingnan region, more and more Central Plains people entered Lingnan, and the lingnan ethnic groups also continued to migrate outwards, expanding to the vast area south of the Yangtze River.
The "Book of Han and Geographical Records" has such a record: "Hundreds of yue are mixed, and each has its own caste."
In the Central Plains, March 3 ancient called the Shangwei Festival, originated from the ancients bathing in the river in the late spring, arising in the Shang Zhou, prevailing in the Han Dynasty, from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, evolved into a rural spring tour, meandering water flow, poetry singing, and with the convergence of folk customs in various places, evolved into cold food festival, Qingming festival, Valentine's Day, song festival and so on.
The "Yue ren song" in the Spring and Autumn period is the earliest folk song of the Yue people recorded in the classics.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang wrote down the pronunciation of the lyrics of the Yue Ren Song in Chinese characters in the Shuo Yuan, and later scholars have concluded that the Yue pronunciation of the Yue Ren Song is similar to the pronunciation characteristics of today's Zhuang Dong language.
As the earliest collection of poetry in our country, the book of poetry has used rhetorical techniques such as fu, bi and xing. Fu is a flat and direct narrative, than is a metaphor, Xing is a precursor to other things, in Guangxi folk songs, these techniques are also very much.
To choose a spouse by song, sing at least seven songs
The custom of the Lingnan Yue people's gathering and singing has been recorded many times in the tang and Song dynasty historical records, such as the Taiping Huanyu Record: "When the valley is ripe... Men and women dress up, vertebrae in a bun, gather and sing".
The "Answer to the Outer Ridge" also records: "On the day of the first day, men and women gather in separate rows, with five colored knots as balls, and songs are thrown away, which is called flying camels." This is a description of the pomp and circumstance of people throwing hydrangeas at the Zhuang "March 3" song.
During the Song Dynasty, it became a common practice in Guangxi to choose a couple with songs. Song wei attracts villagers from dozens of miles around, and unmarried young men and women are the protagonists of song and polder activities.
If you want to win the favor of your favorite object, you must suppress the crowd on the "song" field. The procedures for singing are similar throughout Guangxi, but the "seven-paragraph song" is basically indispensable.
The first paragraph: "Travel song", equivalent to debut.
The second paragraph: "Meet the Song" (also known as the Greeting Song) is a self-introduction, represented by a song.
The third paragraph: "Asking for a song" (also known as an invitation song) is a request to the other party for a song. Usually, several male singers (groups) ask for songs from a female singer at the same time, and the male singers cannot sing the same tune, while the female singers only choose to rhyme with one of the male singers.) This stage is equivalent to the primary election, and those who lose the election can only consciously withdraw.
The fourth paragraph: "Fighting Song" will enter the link of mutual understanding between men and women, and test wisdom and song talent. The content of the fighting song involves astronomical geography, state affairs and family affairs, ancient and modern aspects, and the atmosphere is both warm and tense.
Fifth paragraph: "First Song". If the two parties to the song are in agreement, they can sing the "first song" (also known as the song of admiration), and express their admiration with the implicit love song of words.
Sixth paragraph: "Deep Friendship Song". The deep friendship song (also known as the oath song) is sung until the second and third time the men and women meet in the song, and the two sides can boldly lyrically express their love and thoughts.
The seventh paragraph: "Parting Song" (also known as the Song of Sending Each Other) is sung at the end of the song, expressing inseparable emotions, and both men and women exchange gifts and make love in this way.
The legend of The Song Immortal Liu Sanjie
If you want to ask who has sung the best in the song of the past and the present, everyone recognizes that it is Liu Sanjie.
Legend has it that Liu Sanjie was born in the Middle Emperor Zhongzong era of the Tang Dynasty, her real name is Liu Sanmei, an excellent Zhuang folk singer active in the Liujiang River Basin of Guangxi, with the ability to export songs, and often uses mountain songs to praise labor and love.
The song contests, singing of the king of songs, and the singing of sacrifices and other activities that are widely popular in Guangxi have continuously strengthened Liu Sanjie's beautiful, kind and cordial qualities, which is also the epitome of the integrity, bravery, wisdom and good song qualities of the people of all ethnic groups in Guangxi.
Since the image of Liu Sanjie was put on the stage in the 1950s, Guangxi has set off a wave of "Liu Sanjie" creation. In 1960, the color tune drama "Liu Sanjie" was a great success, and entered the Zhongnanhai Huairen Hall to perform for Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai; subsequently, the movie "Liu Sanjie" starring Huang Wanqiu and supported by Fu Jinhua swept the world, and at the box office in the United States, it beat the record of the Hollywood blockbuster "Gone with the Wind". As long as there are Chinese people, there will be fans of the movie "Liu Sanjie".
"Liu Sanjie" swept the world, allowing Guangxi and Chinese culture to have new exchanges and forms of expression. Liu Sanjie's singing has become more and more widespread, and Guangxi's folk culture has also ushered in the spring of prosperity and development.
The third sister's song is passed down from generation to generation
Today, the inheritors of "Liu Sanjie" are singing their love for life in their own way. They rescued, excavated, sorted out and passed on the original folk songs rooted in the land of Bagui and the working people, and created a number of artistic treasures. Many of them have been included in the list of representative items of national intangible cultural heritage.
Dong Song (2006)
Blotar (2006)
The Ballad of Liu Sanjie (2006)
Napo Zhuang folk song (2007)
Yao Butterfly Song (2008)
Zhuang Folk Song (2008)
Zhuang three-voice folk song (2008)
Guangxi Eight Sounds (2011)
Jingzu Solo String Art (2011)
Melodra (2011)
Zhuang Seventy-Two Witches (2014)
The Story of the Zhuang Bird Costume (2014)
Zhuang Lyra Art (2021)
Ancient Songs of the Mulam People (2021)
Qingming Festival customs
Guangxi Theater's color tune drama "New Liu Sanjie" was revised and improved at the rehearsal site, and the composer Fu Tao was discussing the revision of the composition with the actors. "New Liu Sanjie" condenses the collective wisdom and painstaking efforts, and the excellence of every detail will be of great benefit to improving the quality of the whole drama.
"New Liu Sanjie" is a color drama that tells the story of several strong young people who love music and devote themselves to "rural revitalization". In order to reflect the characteristics and vitality of contemporary youth, Fu Tao boldly integrates color tones, mountain songs, orchestral music, and pop music into one play.
The sound of folk songs flows endlessly. It is the ancient memory from the ancestral cave dwelling, the totem and faith carved on the stone wall of Huashan Mountain, the bravery and wit of Liu Sanjie, the yearning for a better life sung by the people, and the adherence and innovation of local culture... Together, they converge to form the most beautiful flowers in Guangxi Gehai - March 3.
People meet, bless, sing, connect each other's strange hearts, play with the mountains and seas, and resonate with time and years.