China's latest cancer data is out, these 6 major cancer species are the most terrible!

*For medical professionals only

Pay attention to 6 major problems of cancer prevention and treatment

Written by | oolong

Source | "Medical Oncology Channel" public number

Cancer has become one of the most common causes of health problems and deaths among Chinese residents.

Recently, the team of academicians of Hejie published the 2016 Chinese cancer data at JNCC, and compared the incidence and mortality trends of cancer from 2000 to 2016. A total of 381565422 cancer registries (193632323 men and 187933099 women) were included in the study, representing 27.6% of the national population.

Study screenshots

Today, the "Medical Oncology Channel" will take you to peel back the cocoon, read this latest Chinese cancer data, and reveal the laws behind its data changes.

Key data 1:

The total number of new cases is 4,064,000

The most common cancers in men are: lung cancer (24.6%), liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer

The most common cancers in women are: breast cancer (16.72%), lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, stomach cancer

Key data 2:

The incidence of standardized tumors is higher in urban age than in rural areas: 189.7/100000 vs 176.2/100000

Urban colorectal, lung, female breast and prostate cancers are more prevalent

The age-standardized incidence of rural gastrointestinal tumors, including esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer, is higher

Key data 3:

The overall incidence among men remained stable between 2000 and 2016, but increased by an average of 2.3% per annum among women.

Key data 4:

The total number of deaths was 2,413,500

The most common types of cancer that cause death in male cancer patients are lung, liver, stomach, esophageal and colorectal cancer

The most common types of cancer that cause death in women oncology are lung, stomach, liver, colorectal and breast cancers

Key data 5:

Age-standardized tumor mortality rates are lower in urban areas than in rural areas: 102.8/100000 vs 106.1/100000

Age-standardized mortality rates are higher in urban colorectal, lung, female, prostate, kidney, bladder, lymphoma, and leukemia than in rural areas

Rural gastrointestinal tumors, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer, have a higher age-standardized mortality rate

Key data 6:

Overall mortality rates fell by an average of 1.2% per annum

This was mainly due to lower mortality rates from esophageal cancer (4.1%), stomach cancer (3.4%), liver cancer (2.7%) and lung cancer (0.6%)

However, mortality rates from prostate cancer (4.6%), colorectal cancer (1.3%) and pancreatic cancer increased

Cervical, thyroid and breast cancer mortality rates rise in women

Mortality from esophageal, gastric, lung and liver cancers in women is decreasing

Changes in Cancer Data in China may be the reasons for these

The incidence and mortality rate in 2016 and the changing trend of cancer data from 2000 to 2016 reflect the progress of cancer diagnosis and treatment and prevention in mainland China, and the implementation of some policies will also have a certain impact on tumor occurrence and death data.

▌ The aging trend is obvious, and the cancer burden may further increase

Increasing age has always been an independent risk factor for tumorigenesis. As China's aging society becomes serious, the burden of cancer in China will further increase.

In this case, it is important to popularize early screening, early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Compared with advanced tumors, early tumors have a better prognosis and long survival, and early treatment and control can effectively reduce the burden of cancer disease.

▌ Smoking is still a major factor in carcinogenesis

China has the largest smoking population in the world, with about 350 million smokers and 740 million passive smokers, which greatly increases the risk of cancer such as lung cancer. Previous studies have found that smoking is the cause of death in 20% of cancer patients in China.

In Europe and the United States, the anti-smoking policy has begun to bear fruit. According to the latest cancer data released by the United States, cancer mortality in the United States has fallen by 32%, the biggest reason for which is the decline in lung cancer mortality. But on the mainland, only a few cities have achieved indoor smoking bans. There are also many places where people are exposed to secondhand smoke in their living and working environments.

In addition, the incidence of lung cancer in women who do not smoke is also rising at an average annual rate of 2.6%. This may be related to kitchen fumes and air pollution.

▌The number of obese people has increased, and the risk of colorectal cancer and breast cancer has increased

With the rising living standards of Chinese residents, the pressure of life and the lack of exercise, the number of obese people is increasing. From 2004 to 2018, the number of obese people in China rose from 3.1% to 8.1%. It is worth noting that the number of obese people and people who lack exercise in the mainland is still increasing.

Therefore, a healthy lifestyle, diet and adequate physical activity will reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer in China by about 40%.

▌ Thyroid cancer overexamination is worth paying attention to

In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased considerably among all cancer species, but the mortality rate has been relatively stable, which may be related to over-screening for thyroid cancer and socioeconomic progress.

▌ The implementation of national prevention policies reduces the incidence of liver cancer

In the Chinese cancer data released this time, the incidence of liver cancer has declined. This has been linked to improved water quality, hepatitis B vaccines, and reduced intake of aflatoxin-contaminated foods. Since 2002, the newborn hepatitis B vaccine has been completely free. In 2015, the hepatitis B vaccination rate has reached 99.6%.

▌ Endoscopy develops to reduce the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer

Endoscopy has been shown to be an effective way to reduce the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer. It plays an important role in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer and tumor screening. Especially in some areas with high risk of esophageal cancer in China, it will help to further reduce the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer.

The declining trend in the number of upper GI tumor cases may further support the spread of endoscopy in areas with a high risk of upper GI tumors.

bibliography:

[1] Zheng RS, Zhang SW, Zeng HM, Wang SM, Sun KX, Chen R, Li L, Wei WQ, He J. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016[J]. JNCC, 2022, 2(1): 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jncc.2022.02.002.

Source: Medical Oncology Channel

Editor-in-charge: Song Kunlun

Proofreader: Zang Hengjia

Plate making: Xue Jiao