April 15-21 is the 29th National Cancer Prevention and Control Awareness Week, and the theme of this year's Awareness Week is "Comprehensive Action on Cancer Prevention and Control - All Population, All Cycle, All Society".
At 2:30 p.m. on April 18, the Department of Hematology of Changsha Central Hospital (Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China) held a science popularization lecture and free consultation activity on "Multiple Myeloma" at Gaoqiao Community Health Service Center.
Yin Yafei, deputy director and deputy chief physician of the Department of Hematology of Changsha Central Hospital (Changsha Central Hospital affiliated to the University of South China), said that multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignant tumor, originating from plasma cells, also known as plasmacytoma.
Due to the malignant cloning of plasma cells and excessive proliferation, osteoclast activity increases and osteolysis is destroyed, resulting in multiple bone pain throughout the body.
74-year-old Ms. Yu Yao (pseudonym) began chest pain in January this year, mainly in the precordial area, and went to many hospitals for treatment, initially considering coronary heart disease, but after corresponding drug treatment, the chest pain did not improve.
In the process of this treatment, Yu Yao accepted the doctor's advice and perfected the relevant examinations, and the results were found to be renal insufficiency, moderate anemia, hypercalcemia, and chest CT showed low-density opacities in the sternum and part of the vertebral body, and osteoporosis was highly suspected.
These findings are inconsistent with the presentation of coronary heart disease and instead correspond to the clinical manifestations of myeloma.
Therefore, Yu Yao came to the Department of Hematology of Changsha Central Hospital (Changsha Central Hospital affiliated to the University of South China) for treatment, perfected hematuria immunofixation electrophoresis and bone marrow aspiration biopsy, and was diagnosed with multiple myeloma.
Yin Yafei, deputy director and deputy chief physician of the Department of Hematology of Changsha Central Hospital (Changsha Central Hospital affiliated to the University of South China), analyzed that the patient's chest pain is because malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow activate osteoclasts in the bone, inhibit osteoblast activity, active osteoclasts will destroy bone, resulting in osteoporosis, and the progressive reduction of loose bone will lead to bone pain, and even spontaneous fractures occur without external force.
After bone dissolution, calcium in bone is released into the blood, which in turn leads to hypercalcemia, which can cause damage to renal tubules and collecting ducts and aggravate renal failure. When the kidney fails, calcium ions cannot be excreted normally, which will aggravate hypercalcemia and form a vicious circle.
This is why patients are found to have renal insufficiency, moderate anemia, hypercalcemia when they complete the examination.
Yin Yafei said that the typical symptoms of multiple myeloma patients include bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, bleeding tendency, hypercalcemia, numb neuropathy of hands and feet, hyperviscosity syndrome, amyloidosis, etc.
In clinical diagnosis and treatment, many patients with multiple myeloma because of limited cognition, initially only found bone pain, even if there is renal insufficiency will not be associated with it, the first thought will be tuberculosis, osteoarthrosis, lumbar disc herniation or lumbar muscle strain and other diseases, easy to lead to misdiagnosis.
Therefore, members of the public need to correctly understand multiple myeloma, if chest pain, low back pain, anemia, and renal insufficiency or numbness of hands and feet and other discomforts, they should be alert to multiple myeloma, and it is recommended to go to the Department of Hematology in time.
"At present, the exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but it has been confirmed that genetics, ionizing radiation, chemicals, viral infections, antigen stimulation, etc. may be related to the onset of myeloma." Yin Yafei advised the public to stay away from ionizing radiation and toxic chemicals in their daily lives; Workers engaged in related high-risk industries should pay attention to strengthening self-protection.
Do regular physical examination, exercise more, improve resistance, and prevent the occurrence of viral infections, chronic infections, and inflammation.
(Edited by Zebra. Image source network, invasion and deletion )
Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Changsha Central Hospital (Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China) Lei Yanhua Shen Rui