Source 丨21 Healthnews21 original work
Author 丨 Zhu Ping
Editor 丨Xu Xu
Picture 丨 Figure worm
On March 21, China Eastern Airlines Flight MU5735 crashed over Wuzhou City, Guangxi Province, while on a Kunming-Guangzhou mission. After the accident, the Guangxi Health Commission immediately sent a team of experts to the scene to organize emergency medical rescue work. Organized 12 specialists in severe, burn and orthopedic surgery to go to Fujian County to provide support. More than 50 of the first batch of psychological experts from all over the region are also rushing to the scene.
In the face of disaster, in addition to rescue and so on, psychological intervention is also required. Liang Hong, deputy director of the Beijing Psychological Crisis Research and Intervention Center of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, told the media that major disasters are sudden accidents, whether it is the victims, rescuers or the families of the victims, the heart will be greatly impacted, so psychologists are needed to carry out psychological first aid and crisis intervention.
Hu Sanhong, secretary general of the Mental Health Management Committee of the Guangdong Mental Health Association, also pointed out to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that when a major disaster occurs, in addition to the rescue work on the spot, the psychological intervention work of the families of the people involved and other people directly or indirectly involved is also very important. Especially for some people with post-traumatic stress disorder, we must find a professional psychologist for guidance and intervention.
It is worth noting that Ma Hong, deputy director of the Mental Health Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, also deliberately emphasized: "Psychological rescue does not start from the professionals in place, but should start from media reports." ”
Different people react differently
"In the face of major disasters, whether it is the victims (survivors), rescuers, families of the victims, etc., the hearts will be greatly impacted, so psychologists are needed to carry out psychological first aid and crisis intervention." Hu Sanhong pointed out that in the face of psychological panic and emotional problems caused by sudden major disasters, psychologists can play a role in comfort and prevention, reducing a series of psychological problems that may occur in the future.
Hu Sanhong pointed out that the state of different groups of people will be different, and the problems and methods that need to be solved will be different.
In this regard, Hu Sanhong pointed out that for the fear of psychology needs to be overcome by individuals, "If you are too anxious, you can need some psychological counseling help, and even some drug help to improve anxiety." ”
For the family of the person concerned, the most direct is that there will be extreme sadness, depression emotional response, including a lot of mental anxiety problems, want to understand the cause of the accident, expect the miracle to occur, avoid the problem, etc., Hu Sanhong pointed out that the psychologist can do psychological counseling for the family of the person concerned, let them cry in a more comfortable and safe environment, say their dissatisfaction, sadness, and even scold out, etc., the negative emotions will be vented for a while, and then do a good job of companionship. If you are particularly irritable, you can also use some medications to help.
Hu Sanhong pointed out that it is worth noting that the related psychological effects will slowly subside, but there are also a few people who may have some persistent symptoms, specifically manifested as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety disorders.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
PTSD referred to above refers to a mental disorder that is delayed and persists in an individual after experiencing, witnessing, or encountering one or more actual deaths involving oneself or others, or being threatened with death, or serious injury, or physical integrity being threatened. The incidence of PTSD has been reported in mixed ways, with women more likely to develop PTSD than men.
Earlier, Lu Lin, president of peking university sixth hospital, pointed out in an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that the probability of suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder in the whole population is about 8% to 10%, and this mental and psychological disease will seriously affect the work and life of patients.
Hu Sanhong generally pointed out that the so-called post-traumatic stress disorder refers to a mental disorder that occurs delayed and persists for a long time due to unusually threatening or catastrophic psychological trauma, mainly manifested as the patient's repeated re-traumatic experiences, repeated traumatic dreams or nightmares; avoidance of memories of previous traumatic situations or activities, fear and avoidance of remembering the trauma; alienation from others, lack of response to the surrounding environment; lack of pleasure; usually the presence of autonomic hyperexcitation states, manifested as excessive alertness, Increased jumping reactions and insomnia.
It is worth noting that a small number of diseases last for several years, bringing very serious pain and suffering to patients, and also causing great difficulties to patients' later life and work. Hu Sanhong gave an example to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that a survivor who experienced war had a relatively serious post-traumatic stress disorder after the disaster, and for a long time, he would wake up almost every night, dreaming about what had happened before, and his mood during the day was also very bad, and there would be anxiety, anxiety, fear, and increased vigilance.
Hu Sanhong pointed out that PTSD should be professionally intervened as soon as possible, and after the symptoms appear, the symptoms can also be alleviated by professional psychologists.
PTSD generally occurs within a few days to 6 months after a traumatic event, and the course of the disease lasts at least 1 month, can be as long as months or years, and some even decades. Among them, the disease period within 3 months is called acute PTSD, the disease period is more than 3 months is called chronic PTSD, and if the symptoms occur at least 6 months after the traumatic event, it is called delayed PTSD. If the mental health status of individuals can be initially assessed through some psychological assessment tools after the traumatic event, it will help to screen out high-risk groups of PTSD, so as to provide effective intervention strategies for high-risk groups in a targeted manner.
It is worth noting that PTSD is not an incurable disease, according to the current evidence-based medicine, psychotherapy is the most effective method for the radical treatment of PTSD, often used for PTSD psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, eye movement desensitization reprocessing, psychoanalytic therapy and so on.
"When suffering from a disaster, timely psychological intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of PTSD, and once PTSD occurs, psychotherapy and drug therapy can stop its deterioration and promote recovery." Hu Sanhong also stressed that once there is PTSD, it is necessary to find a professional doctor for treatment, and ordinary psychological volunteers cannot fundamentally solve the problem.