Wen | Zheng Xuefu
Although there was no Arbor Day in ancient China, the tradition of afforestation has long existed. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, there have been records of tree planting. In some of today's famous tourist attractions, we can also see the ancient trees planted by the ancients and grown so far, such as the 5,000-year-old Yellow Emperor hand planted cypress, Cangjie hand planted cypress, 2600 years old Lao Tzu hand planted ginkgo biloba, 1300 years old Li Bai hand planted ginkgo biloba and so on.
Poets of successive dynasties not only loved to plant trees, but also left many tree planting poems. Among them, Su Dongpo, who is rich in literature, is not only a writer and politician, but also a "greening master". He has served in many places, and he has not forgotten to plant trees everywhere he went, leaving many humanistic landscapes for future generations.
Fengxiang East Lake Willow
In the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), the imperial court appointed Su Shi as the judge of Dali Andi to sign the book fengxiang province, which was the first time he went to a local post after embarking on his career.
The 24-year-old Su Shi was appointed as Taishou's assistant, which can be said to be a spring breeze. Su Shi assisted Taishou in handling government affairs with due diligence, observing the people's feelings, controlling floods, and reducing taxes, and did a good job in everything. As a literati, Su Shi often went to Fengxiang to play around in his spare time, drinking and writing poetry. Su Shi's hometown of Bashu, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, "on the Shu River of my family, the river water is as green as blue". Alone outside, homesickness arises. Fortunately, there is a drinking phoenix pond in the east of the city, "the entrance is clear, like a dream southwest", every time you visit here, you have the feeling of returning to your hometown, so Su Shi has the plan to govern the drinking phoenix pond.
According to the "Records of Fengxiang County", in the second year of his appointment, Su Shi led the people to dredge the pond, open a canal to inject the Phoenix Spring water from the northwest of the city into the pond, plant lotus roots in the pond, plant willow trees on the shore, build pavilions and bridges, build buildings into pavilions, and rename it "East Lake". Every summer, the lotus leaf fields in the lake, the lotus blossoms, the pavilions on the shore, and the weeping willows. Su Shi took the East Lake as a scene in his "Eight Views of Fengxiang", writing: "Winding stone mantis, the crabs are in the center of the lake." Spit out the water in the abdomen, and run into the depth. The breeze is gentle and soundless. ”
Su Shi East Lake planted willows with a good start, and later successive officials and celebrities planted willow trees here, composed poems and chanted, and the willow trees on the shore were shady and the branches and leaves were delicate, which became a major landscape of East Lake. Locals call "East Lake Willow, West Phoenix Wine, Girl's Hand" as "Fengxiang Three Absolute". Now people in order to commemorate Su Shi on the shore of the East Lake to erect a stone stele, written "East Slope Planting Willow Place".
Spring dawn at West Lake Su Causeway
In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1089), Su Shi served as the Taishou of Hangzhou, which was his second time to serve in Hangzhou, and unlike the last time, this time he was the "number one" of Hangzhou. However, as soon as Su Shi arrived, he encountered a drought in Hangzhou, and famine and plague occurred together. Su Shi requested the imperial court to reduce the rice supply on the road by one-third, and was given a degree to the monk of Shadu, and exchanged it for rice to relieve the hungry people. At this time, due to the long-term untreated West Lake, overgrown with weeds, the lake water dried up, the field has accounted for half of the West Lake, and the ecological environment has seriously deteriorated. In the second year of his presidency, Su Shi wrote to the imperial court and asked for the dredging of the West Lake. With the 100 monks given to him by the imperial court, he used the method of work-for-charity to recruit people to open the lake, spent more than 200,000 people to remove weeds from the lake, dig up silt, and waste it, and built a long causeway with weeds and silt. The Biography of Song Shi Su Shi records: The is formed, planted on the hibiscus and willows, and looks like a picture, and the name of the Hang people is 'Sugong Causeway.'
Su Causeway stretches from the foothills of Nanping Mountain in the south to the Qixia Ridge in the north, with a total length of nearly three kilometers. There are more than 40 varieties of weeping willows, peaches, begonias, hibiscus, wisteria and so on. Every spring and March, the green willows on the embankment are like smoke, the red peaches are like fog, tourists stroll on the embankment, see the West Lake awakening in the fog, the flowers on the shore are red and willow green, the lake and mountain scenery unfolds like a picture, and the heart is relaxed, called "Spring Dawn of su causeway". Su Shi has a poem that describes: "I am in Qiantang Tuohu, and the female emergency Changfeng of the Great Causeway. The six bridges cross the sky and the han, and the north mountain begins to communicate with the south screen. Suddenly, 250,000 feet were shocked, and the old man swept through the clouds. ”
Qing Dong Bangda "Spring Dawn Map of Su Causeway"
Spring dawn at Su Causeway became the first of the Ten Scenic Spots of the West Lake, which was a place for people to visit all year round during the Southern Song Dynasty, especially during the Qingming Festival, which became a bustling and bustling city. The predecessors planted trees, and the posterity cooled off. Su Shi left an intoxicating scenery for Hangzhou's West Lake : "Dongfeng February Su Causeway Road, trees and peach blossoms ask willow flowers".
Dingzhou Dongpo Double Locust
In September of the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1093), Su Shi was appointed as the Taishou of Dingzhou. Although he served in Dingzhou for only half a year, he left behind many achievements in being diligent in government and loving the people: rectifying military discipline, dredging public opinion, introducing rice seeds, reorganizing rice songs, and of course planting trees and afforestation.
Among the trees in the north, Su Dongpo is the most fond of locust trees, which are solid in wood, lush in branches and leaves, full of flowers in summer, elegant and pleasant, and hardy and snow resistant in severe winter. Su Shi once had a poem "Huai": "When I first came, the grass and trees declined. Although the high locust is in autumn, the evening cicadas still hold the leaves. Drowned in a few clouds, away from the pods. The roosting crows are cold and weeping and pecking at the snow. Broken nest with empty branches, sparse shadow hanging on the moon. There are no two wings and feathers that accompany me in this sorrow. ”
Because Su Shi loved locust trees, he personally planted two locust trees in the front yard of the Dingzhou Confucian Temple. These two locust trees stand side by side from east to west, and have not faded for nearly a thousand years, and are known as "Dongpo Double Locust". In spring and summer, the branches are leafy and shady, and the dense canopy diameter is 10 meters away, like two huge green umbrella covers, and the fragrance of locust flowers comes from time to time. The roots of the trees in the east are protruding, like huge dragon claws creeping to the ground, the torso is thick, and five or six people cannot hold hands and cannot be closed. The torso of the Juxier splits into two parts in the shape of a slat, facing east and west, hollow, and a child of seven or eight years old can lie down and stand in it. The "Dingzhou Chronicle" records that "the east is lush like a dancing phoenix", and "the west is like a dragon", so it is also called "dragon and phoenix double locust".
In 2014, the National Forest Defense Station launched the "Beautiful China - Humanistic Ancient Tree Health Care Action" nationwide. In accordance with the criteria of "peculiar appearance, thick historical accumulation and broad application prospects", 100 ancient humanities trees were selected from the many humanities and ancient trees collected as the national humanistic ancient tree health care objects. "Dongpo Double Locust" was successfully selected into the "List of Chinese Humanistic Ancient Trees Protection".
Uematsu 30,000 Memorial Wife
In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1086), Su Shi returned to Beijing to serve as a Hanlin scholar. His friend Jia Ne will also go to his hometown of Meizhou to become an official, and Su Shi composed the poem "Send Jia Ne Shu Mei": "Old Weng Shan YuYuan Hui, hand planting green pine thirty thousand plants." The father and elder knew that I was here, and Xiao Xuan linshui was open for Junkai. Try to see a dragon and snake alive, and listen to Xiao Xiao's wind and rain. He did not cut with Gantang, and the white armor of the hair was waiting to return.
The "Old Weng Mountain" mentioned in the poem is the burial place of Su Xun and Lady Cheng, and Su Shi's deceased wife Wang Fu is also buried here. Su Shi entrusts Jia Ne to look after his parents, his wife's cemetery and greet his hometown father and elder, and his attachment to his homeland jumps on the paper. The "hand planting of green pine 30,000 plants" was planted 20 years ago when he buried his deceased wife Wang Fu, and at this time it should be a coiled branch, lush and green, and a burst of loose waves.
In the first year of Hehe (1054), the eighteen-year-old Su Shi married Wang Fu, who was sixteen years old. Wang Fuxian Was wenshu (王福贤德文淑), a servant of Shi Shi (世己孝), was Su Shi's inner helper. After the marriage, the two had a deep affection and love. Wang Fu died in the second year of Zhiping (1065) in Kaifeng, Jingshi, and was buried in Kelongli, Anzhen Township, Pengshan County, northeast of Meizhou, eight steps northwest of the tomb of Su Xun and his wife. Wang Fu's death was a huge physical and mental blow to Su Shi and became a lifelong pain.
Su Shiman wrote the "Epitaph of the Deceased Wife Wang" with deep affection, expressing his deep sorrow at the loss of his beloved wife and Xian Neisuke. He concludes with a sigh: "Whoops! Yu Yong had nothing to rely on. Although the king is not, what is the harm of his existence and that of a woman? Whoops!" In order to commemorate his deceased wife, Su Shi, who had a heavy heart, planted 30,000 pine trees on the hill of the cemetery. Although "thirty thousand trees" is a false finger, it can also be seen that Su Shi planted pine trees on the mountain on a large scale, and the pines and cypresses were verdant and full of hills, expressing his deep longing for his wife and sending strong mourning.
In the eighth year of Xi Ning (1075), Su Shi came to Mizhou to serve as Taishou, and on the twentieth day of the first month of this year, on a lonely and lonely night, he dreamed of his beloved wife Wang Fu and the dense pine trees on the hill. After waking up, Su Shi recalled the dream scene, and the past love with his wife was vividly remembered, and he could not help but wet his clothes with tears and write down the eulogy "Jiang Chengzi" that had been recited through the ages. This word is affectionate, blood and tears, showing endless sorrow and longing. The lower part of the word records the dream, expressing Su Shi's deep affection for his deceased wife: "At night, the ghost dream suddenly returns to the hometown, the small window, and is dressing up." There are no words to say, only tears. It is expected that the intestines will be broken every year: bright moon night, short Songgang. "The whole word is euphemistic, the realm is layered, the mood is desolate and mournful, and it has become the last song of mourning poems."