With the increasing scale of the new energy vehicle market, due to the low cost of use, many online ride-hailing vehicles and taxis have also begun to use new energy vehicles for operational purposes.
However, as long as the users who have taken the new energy network car will find that almost all new energy network car will not open the air conditioning, even if the outside temperature is lower than the north below zero, every new energy network car will usually close the door, relying on the human body temperature in the car to support bitterly, the frost on the glass, as if to tell every passenger on the car, driving hot air is a distant luxury.
At this time, if you ask the driver to turn on the hot air, the driver master will often tell you that the hot air will affect the mileage too much. "A total of 400 kilometers of endurance, 30% discount in winter, hot air or even a discount, and charging to face the queue, now life is not good, charging is also queued..." In the face of the consequences that may affect people's livelihood, you can't bear it.
This problem, placed on the private car owners has become more polarized, those who have a private pile commute is more fixed car owners generally have no concern about the warm air, and for those who do not have a fixed pile position, in order to save more electricity, even cover the quilt to drive is not unusual.
Seeing this, you may not be able to help but ask, why does the hot air affect the battery life so much? Since the hot air is so out of reach, is there a more power-efficient solution? These questions, after you read this article, you will have the answer.
The new energy hot air generation method is different from that of fuel vehicles
Fans who know new energy vehicles know that the hot air of traditional fuel vehicles is achieved by the exhaust heat cycle of the engine, while the new energy vehicle does not have an engine, and if you want to blow hot air, you need to find another way.
Although many people have made various attempts, as of now, the mainstream heating methods on electric vehicles are only PTC heating and heat pump heating.
Early new energy vehicles due to cost, technology and other multi-dimensional limitations, the use of single PTC heating method is more, PTC heating principle is to power the thermistor, so that the resistance heat to increase the temperature, if you take the home of the living appliances to analogy, and the home commonly used hair dryer principle is very similar.
The advantage of PTC heating is that the structure is simple, and it is not much affected by the environment, no matter what the external temperature is, as long as it is energized, PTC heating can produce enough heat.
However, the disadvantage of PTC heating is that the power is higher, after opening the impact on the mileage of new energy vehicles is greater, the PTC power of the general electric vehicle is about 1-6kW according to the model, and the complete defrost function needs to be about 2-3kW according to the size of the area, and if it is PTC water heating, the power is generally about 50% higher, requiring 4-6kW. For example, Weilai ES8 uses a front 5.5kW rear 3.7kW dual PTC combination, according to the power calculation, if the full power operation, an hour to consume more than 9 degrees of electricity, and ES8's own battery is only 70 degrees, winter driving every 100 kilometers about 20 degrees of electricity, it can be seen that turn on the hot air for an hour, relative to the additional driving of nearly 45 kilometers, the impact on the endurance is very obvious.
The shortcomings of PTC are naturally seen by car companies, in recent years, with the further upgrading of technology, as well as car companies for the improvement of mileage weight is getting higher and higher, higher cost heat pump air conditioning, gradually began to use in more and more new models.
The working principle of the heat pump air conditioning system is quite different from the PTC, the heat pump air conditioner does not generate heat, but carries the heat of the outside world. The electric compressor sucks the low-pressure low-pressure low-pressure refrigerant from the heat exchanger outside the car, enters the compressor compression through the four-way reversing valve to become a superheated gas with high temperature and high pressure, and then enters the heat exchanger in the car through the four-way reversing valve, and the heat exchanger in the car condenses and exothermic to the low-temperature air in the air duct of the occupant compartment to increase the temperature in the car.
If you take the household appliances as an analogy, the heat pump air conditioner and the refrigeration air conditioner at home are very similar, but they are anti-dressed, and the air conditioner in the house is placed outside the car, and the outside machine outside the house is placed in the car.
The biggest advantage of heat pump air conditioning is that energy consumption performance is better, due to the law of conservation of energy, PTC in even the most ideal situation, can only achieve the consumption of 1 joule of energy to provide 1 joule of heat, and the heat pump air conditioner due to the different working principle, can achieve the consumption of 1 joule of energy, transport more than 1 joule of heat, so more power saving.
However, the way the heat pump air conditioner transports energy determines that if the outside temperature is too low, the efficiency of the heat pump air conditioner will be reduced, and there are data showing that when the outside temperature is close to minus 20 degrees Celsius, the energy that the heat pump air conditioner needs to consume to transport heat is basically the same as PTC heating.
How to use more power savings
Winter temperature is cold, the battery of the new energy vehicle due to low temperature when the internal resistance becomes larger, the battery capacity itself will be reduced, the current major new energy vehicle brands of the official website will generally provide mileage calculator, such as in the case of minus and above zero 30 degrees Celsius, the same new energy mileage may be more than 10% difference.
In the winter when the battery capacity is already reduced, if you add the additional energy consumption of hot air conditioning, the mileage will indeed be greatly reduced.
However, with more and more models equipped with heat pump air conditioning, in fact, today's hot air, for more and more new energy vehicles, the impact of endurance has become smaller and smaller. On the other hand, car companies are also doing their best to use more new technologies to improve energy consumption to further improve the problem of large power consumption of hot air.
For example, the upcoming delivery of Weilai ET7, using the PTC + heat pump combination, on the one hand, can improve energy consumption through the heat pump, for those who do not care about power consumption, also provide PTC heating mode, hot air to come more directly, improve the experience, in addition to the previous two, Weilai ET7 is also equipped with an active intake grille and EDS electric drive system. Among them, the idea of active intake grille and fuel vehicle is different, after closing the heat pump air conditioner will exchange energy in the front cabin, and EDS can further make full use of the waste heat generated by the source components such as motors and batteries, and the two can be combined to make the work efficiency of the heat pump better.
Like Volkswagen, it is improved in the efficiency of the heat pump itself, such as volkswagen ID.4 hot air conditioning by PTC + heat pump composition, of which the heat pump air conditioning catalyst is R744, compared to other models generally use R134a, R744 heating performance is better, even in minus 20 ° C, COP performance coefficient can still reach 2, significantly higher than R134a, and then achieve lower energy consumption.
Seeing this, the conclusion is actually very clear, if you drive or ride in the new energy model is a relatively new style of products, and is not A0 level positioning, then usually this new car will be equipped with the latest heat pump air conditioning, energy consumption has been well controlled; and if the home is installed with charging piles, you can also open the battery insulation function, to ensure that the battery is at the best working temperature when driving away, equivalent to more power, more power for the opening of the warm air, but also means less impact on the endurance.
And if your car is not equipped with heat pump air conditioning do not have to worry, does not mean that the winter can only cover the quilt to drive, in fact, most of the current new energy vehicles are equipped with seat heating and steering wheel heating function, from the perspective of power consumption and experience, seat heating and steering wheel heating are the best choice for flat hot air.
From the perspective of energy consumption, the running power of seat heating and steering wheel heating is usually less than 100W, compared to PTC heating of more than 5kW, the power is only a few tenths; but from the perspective of experience, seat heating and steering wheel heating are in direct contact with the body, and the body is more likely to perceive heat, so the intuitive experience is not bad.
Therefore, for those new energy private cars that need extreme power saving and online ride-hailing cars that run operations, opening the seat heating is a practice that will not cost too much electricity and can significantly improve the body feeling, and the vast majority of people actually do not know the specific operating power of the seat heating, as long as they know the reason, I believe most masters will agree.