There is such a scene in the hot drama "Xiao Min's Family", the elderly pregnant woman fell to the ground because of the quarrel with her daughter, the abdominal pain of the gas, and the result was miscarriage, this fetus is still a precious child obtained from test tubes!
This kind of dramatic treatment, which we often see on television, is clinically part of the category of spontaneous abortion. So the little angel in our stomach is really so angry, just go away? Or is there some other reason?
When it comes to spontaneous abortion, there are many things you don't know....
Spontaneous abortion manifests itself in a variety of ways, including biochemical pregnancy with "one shot in the air", an empty pregnancy sac that "fails", an embryonic development halt that "does not care about the long day, only cares about what it once had", and the excretion of embryos and their appendages after the death of the embryo or fetus [1].
If you happen to have a spontaneous miscarriage, do you need to go overboard for a check-up? In fact, the risk of a spontaneous abortion in women of childbearing age is about 10% [2], which is still quite high. Experts recommend that patients with only 1 miscarriage history are not recommended for comprehensive etiological screening, except for a clear family history or clinical presentation.
But there is one miscarriage that comes and goes, and we call it recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Patients with RSA require comprehensive and systematic screening for the cause. In general, spontaneous abortion occurs 2 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions, and fetal loss before 28 weeks of gestation is defined as RSA, including continuous biochemical pregnancies.
What are the causes of spontaneous abortion?
Immune factors
Includes autoimmunity and allimity.
The former is the mother's own immune system is abnormal, producing abnormal antibodies that harm itself, which can infringe on the mother's multiple organs and systems, resulting in embryonic involvement, common including antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis and so on.
It is said that "tiger poison does not eat children", but the same immunity is that the mother attacks the embryo as an invader, and the immune cells and so on clear the embryo, resulting in miscarriage.
Chromosomal factors
Chromosomes are like a book of original code that determines all the manifestations of our body. If there is an error in the source code, it may have no effect on me, and it can exist as a "beautiful error" in the world. But when the patient's provided chromosomes and the chromosomes provided by the mate's reproductive cells are disrupted and recombined again, producing a "fatal" permutation combination, it will lead to fertility problems and miscarriage.
At least one of the 3% to 8% of RSA couples has chromosomal abnormalities, of which 92.9% are structural abnormalities and a small number of them are abnormal. Of course, it is also possible that the chromosomes of both husband and wife are not abnormal, but only the abnormalities of the dyeing occur when the embryo divides itself. Chromosomal abnormalities in embryos are a common cause of spontaneous abortion, and the earlier the miscarriage occurs, the higher the incidence of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities, mainly manifested as aneuploidy, the most common being trisomy 16, X monosomy, and trisomy 22.
Anatomical factors
The most common is the abnormal structure of the uterus, which is the morphological abnormality of the house where the embryo is about to move in. Among them, uterine congenital anomalies account for 8.4% to 12.6% of RSA patients, such as mediastinal uterus, bicornal uterus, arched uterus, uncornuated uterus, double uterus, etc., or acquired structural abnormalities such as cervical insufficiency, uterine fibroids, etc. The home they live in is uncomfortable, and some "proud" embryos can't stand this "grievance", so they end up with an abortion.
Endocrine factors
The corpus luteum promotes the transformation of the intima during embryo implantation and facilitates implantation. After pregnancy, it provides a "stability maintenance" effect on the normal development of the embryo, and luteal insufficiency is the cause of partial miscarriage.
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metabolic abnormalities in the body may adversely affect pregnancy. The 2011 RCOG guidelines suggest that PCOS may increase the incidence of spontaneous abortion. And it is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, excessive secretion of luteinizing hormones, and thrombosis, which are all disadvantages of pregnancy.
Psychosocial factors
Medication history before pregnancy and first trimester, exposure to adverse environments, toxic and harmful substances will have a certain impact on pregnancy. Some studies have also suggested that mental irritation, stress, and malnutrition can lead to early miscarriage [4].
In short, the factors that lead to miscarriage are numerous and complex, and our children are not so vulnerable and miscarry after a lifetime. So don't think that simply losing an embryo because of anger leads to the neglect of the real factor.