Judging from the seal glyph of the "crown", it is composed of three parts: "冖", "Yuan" and "inch", "冖" means a hat, "Yuan" represents a person's head, and "inch" represents a hand, and the three parts are combined, with a very clear meaning: wear a hat on the head with your hand.
When "crown" means "wearing a hat", it is pronounced as guàn. For example, "Mencius Teng Wen Gongshang": "Xu Zi Guanhu? A: 'Crown. 'Xi Guan?' 'Crown element.' Another example is "Chu Ci Jiu Zhang Wa Jiang": "The land with the long sword is far away from the Xi, and the crown cuts the cloud of Cui Wei." ”
Ancient Chinese aristocratic men generally performed the "crown ceremony" when they reached the age of twenty, which is equivalent to the coming-of-age ceremony, and wore the "crown" while changing the hairstyle. "Li Ji Qu Li Shang": "Men twenty, crown and words." Men who wear a "crown" and take a "word" are regarded by the family and society as adults, can marry and have children, and can become officials. The Analects of Advancement says: "Five or six of the champions, six or seven of the boys, bathing in Yi, dancing in the wind, and returning from chanting." In the sentence, the "crowner" and "child" are compared to each other, and the former means adult. Others, such as crowns, crowns, etc., can also refer to adult men who have performed crown ceremonies.
The Li Ji Qu Li Shang also has: "Twenty is weak, crown." This means that although a man has become an adult by the age of twenty and has been crowned for the first time, his body is still not strong. Therefore, the "weak crown" generally refers to the age of a man in his twenties. For example, the Western Jin Dynasty Zuo Si "History of Yong" one: "Weak crown lane Rou Han, Zhuo Jie Guan Qun shu." Similarly, the crown age, crown year, etc. also refers to the man's twenties.
The hat is worn on the head of the person, and the head is the uppermost part of the human body, so the "crown" later has the meaning of surpassing everyone and ranking first. For example, the "History of Xiao Xiangguo's Family": "A crown group of subjects, a voice for the future generations." Su Shi's "Crossing the Sea on the Night of June 20th": "Nine Dead Southern Wilderness I don't hate, Zi Youqi is the best in life." Further, "crown" has the meaning of champion and first place, such as winning the championship, three consecutive championships and other words.
Sun Ji's painting, from the "Han Dynasty Material Culture Information Chart (Revised Version)"
"Crown" is derived from the wearing of a hat to the meaning of "covering", which is mostly found in ancient poetry. For example, Zhang Heng's "Tokyo Fu" of the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Naiju Afang, Qiganquan, Jieyunge, Guannan mountain." Southern Dynasty Song Xie Zhan's "Nine Days from the Song Gong Opera Horse Stage Collection to Send Kong Order": "Light Xia crown autumn day, Xun Shang Bo Qing Qiong." According to the same evolutionary thread, the word "crown" means "add (some name or text) in front of it." For example, the Western Han Dynasty Kong Anguo's "Preface to the Book of Shang": "The preface is the author's intention, the obvious righteousness, and the nearby phase, so it is quoted, and each one is crowned with its beginning." ”
Judging from the early glyphs, "crown" can also refer to "hat". In this case, "crown" is pronounced guān. For example, "Chu Ci Fisherman": "I have heard that the new Mu will play the crown, and the new bather will vibrate his clothes." ”
However, the ancient "crown", whether in form or function, is different from the current hat. The "crown" is usually composed of a crown ring, a crown beam, and a crown tassel. The crown ring is hooped on the head; the crown beam is like a curved belt, the two ends are connected to the crown ring, from front to back over the hair; the crown is a ribbon that connects the sides of the crown ring and is knotted under the chin to prevent the crown from falling off. The "crown" is a top hat worn by aristocratic men, which has the function of showing identity and rank, and its decoration is far greater than practicality.
The top hat worn by ancient Chinese aristocratic men, in addition to the "crown", also had "crown" and "ben". The latter two are higher-level "crowns", the three are similar and minor, so "crown" is also a general term for "crown", "crown" and "Ben". Wearing a crown or not is a symbol that distinguishes nobles from commoners. Words such as "crown", "crown cover" and "crown belt" containing "crown" are also mostly related to nobles and eunuchs. For example, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, And The Biography of Wang Chang": "The ancestors of Ru have crowns in the world, but benevolence and righteousness are the name, and shou is the name." "Nineteen Ancient Poems • Qingqing Ling Shangbai": "Luo Zhonghe is depressed, and the crown is self-contained." Du Fu's "Dream Li Bai Two Songs" The second: "The crown is covered with Beijing, and the Si people are lonely and haggard." ”
Ancient Chinese feudal society attached great importance to the crown. Not only do men have to wear crowns when they are adults, but they must wear crowns on occasions where they wear them, otherwise they are contrary to feudal etiquette.
The "crown" sometimes refers specifically to the hat worn by ancient officials. Therefore, "bullet crown" sometimes refers to being an official and taking office. For example, Yan Zhitui's "Ancient Meaning": "Fifteen good poems" and "books", twenty bullets guanshi." Lu You's "Reminiscences of the Past": "I knew that I had the intention of playing the crown in the early days, and I regretted that I did not often swim for the candle." On the contrary, "hanging the crown" means resigning from the official and abandoning the official. For example, the Southern Dynasty Shen Yue 's "Migration Disease of Zuo Yu Yu": "Hanging the crown if the eastern capital, shan lin ning returns." Tang Dynasty Cen Shan," "Climbing the Ci'en Temple Pagoda with Gao Shi Xue": "Oath will hang up the crown, and feel that the Dao is infinite." ”
"Crown" refers to a hat, which in turn can refer to something shaped like a hat or on the top of the head. For example, Tang Yin's "Painting Chicken" in the Ming Dynasty: "The red crown on the head does not need to be cut, and the snow white will walk in the future." Today, the word "crown" in words such as cockscomb, tree canopy, and coronary arteries all mean the same thing and are used.
The ancients emphasized "proper clothing", which regarded the neatness and decency of appearance as an important part of "etiquette". Today, we still talk about "proper clothing", not only because it is both self and respect for others, but also because the external image is a manifestation of personal quality, and we attach importance to internal cultivation without ignoring the external image, so as to achieve true consistency in appearance and appearance.
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