Can you imagine that in Guangzhou, 100 meters from the Pearl River, there is a 17-story skyscraper, which is not used for business offices, but for pigs - 350,000 pigs can be produced a year.
This is the current highest star pig farm in Guangdong - Nansha Yangxiang Fengxing three-dimensional whole industry chain pig breeding project, which is expected to be officially put into pig production in October 2022.
Policy support, a hundred flowers bloom
In recent years, affected by a variety of factors, the pig industry in Guangdong has undergone drastic changes, and a deep change of big waves and sand has been staged in this industry.
On the one hand, the pressure on environmental protection is huge: with the development and change of the economic situation in various places, small and medium-sized farmers in many areas have gradually withdrawn. On the other hand, the epidemic prevention situation is complicated: in August 2018, African swine fever broke out on the mainland, and the national pig industry suffered a heavy blow, and stabilizing production and supply quickly became an important political task for governments at all levels.
Guangdong is the country's largest population province, located in the hinterland of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, is a major province of pig production and pork consumption in the country, and cannot stay out of the matter. In December 2019, the Opinions of the General Office of the People's Government of Guangdong Province on Accelerating the Transformation and Upgrading of the Pig and Poultry Industry was released, which required that by 2025, "the province's pig output should remain above 33 million heads, and the self-sufficiency rate should remain above 70%."
More than 70% of the pork eaten by Cantonese people must be provided by themselves. However, in Guangdong, where the land is scarce and the water network is dense, it is not easy to find a treasure land for raising pigs. The multi-layer pig model, which maximizes land utilization, is therefore highly expected.
In December 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources, together with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, issued the Notice on Issues Related to the Management of Facility Agricultural Land, which clearly mentioned that multi-storey buildings are allowed to be built in aquaculture facilities. This notice surprised the industry very much, it means that multi-layer pig breeding has been clearly supported by the national policy of Shangfang Sword.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province, it is after the release of this document, with the support of the policy of stabilizing production and supply, large enterprises have launched new projects, local governments have actively given support, and multi-layer pig breeding projects in Guangdong pig industry have mushroomed.
According to industry statistics, at present, Guangdong's building pig raising projects have reached 170, mostly 2-4 floors, there are also a small number of between 5-6 floors, in the Pearl River Delta land shortage area, individual projects up to 17 floors high-rise buildings.... A hundred flowers bloom, and the patterns of each family are not consistent. The enterprises explored include both ordinary-scale pig farms and breeding giants such as Wen's, Haida, Dongrui, Yangxiang, Jinxinnong, and Jingji Zhinong.
In order to promote the good and rapid development of multi-layer pig technology, in September 2020, the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology of Lingnan established the Guangdong Multi-layer Intelligent Pig Technology Research Institute. The Guangdong Pig Industry Association organized experts to carry out in-depth and extensive investigations, and completed the "Guangdong Multi-layerEd Intelligent Pig Breeding Technical Guide" (Draft for Comments) at the end of 2021.
Jingji Zhinong Gaozhou building pig breeding project
Innovative integration, save labor and money
It is understood that the multi-layer aquaculture model in Guangdong began in 1997. For many years, some people in the industry have been half skeptical and half worried about the pig breeding model in high-rise buildings. Doubts about its breeding effect, worry about its legal status, after all, the official policy has not had a clear attitude towards the pig breeding model in buildings for a long time. The official policy of 2019 has reassured companies that this model has begun to blossom everywhere.
Yangxiang is recognized by the industry as one of the large-scale leading enterprises that developed pigs in high-rise buildings earlier, and has rich practical experience.
On December 28, 2021, the capping ceremony of the Nansha three-dimensional whole-industry chain pig breeding project jointly invested by Yangxiang, Yuexiu Group and Nansha Modern Agriculture Group was successfully held in Nansha, Guangzhou. This project has attracted much attention, it has only 140 acres of land, an investment of 1.6 billion yuan, and 17-storey high-rise buildings with an annual output of up to 350,000 pigs!
This is currently the highest floor pig farm in Guangdong. It is less than 50 kilometers away from Zhujiang New Town, the core area of Guangzhou, and less than 100 meters from the Pearl River waterway, which is a very strict test of environmental protection.
Quan Lin'an, chairman of Guangzhou Nansha Yangxiang Fengxing Food Co., Ltd., told the Southern Rural Daily reporter that high-rise pig breeding is not only a change in the height of the pig house, but a series of innovative integrations. Nansha three-dimensional whole-industry chain pig breeding project will have at least three major innovations.
First, hardware innovation, 17-storey high-rise building not only to achieve efficient land use, but also through the leading environmental protection technology to achieve environmental harmony; second, epidemic prevention innovation, Yangxiang's unique iron barrel anti-non-african mode in this building to achieve the "P4 pig farm" epidemic prevention effect; third, management innovation, the pig farm will achieve closed-loop breeding, eliminate the risk of introduction, while through intelligent equipment for high-tech management.
It is understood that in the pig farm, 12,000 sows can be raised by 13 layers, and about 1,000 sows can be raised on each floor, and the layers are isolated from each other. Managing 1,000 sows will only take 5-6 people, saving half the manpower compared to ordinary pig farms. In response to industry insiders' concerns that the cost of high-rise buildings is higher than that of the flat floor, Quan Lin An analyzed that the depreciation time of the high-rise buildings is longer and evenly shared, and the actual cost is not higher than the flat floor.
Shaoguan Wujiang District Youbaite Breeding Co., Ltd. is also a three-dimensional intensive, intelligent and efficient, ecological cycle of modern green environmental protection building pig farm. Luo Jianrong, director of the company's comprehensive department, said that the pig farm began to enter the pig farm in March last year, with a full production of up to 50,000 pigs and an annual output of 120,000 pigs. The entire project consists of four 7-storey pig houses, covering a total area of just over 70,000 square meters, which is only one-seventh of that of a traditional pig farm. The total investment reached 230 million yuan. Although the initial fixed investment is large, the advanced equipment and management methods have improved the production efficiency of the pig farm. Luo Jianrong said that after calculating depreciation, the current cost of leaving the barn can still be controlled at 7.1 yuan / catty, which is not inferior to the traditional pig farm.
Saving land, the advantages are obvious
The building pig raising project is actually a model innovation forced out by the shortage of land. It largely satisfies the demand for aquaculture land in economically developed areas.
Guangzhou Zengcheng was once an important pig town in Guangdong, with an annual output of more than 2 million heads at its peak. However, most of them are small and medium-sized farmers, and the accompanying environmental protection problems have always been difficult to solve. In the end, because of environmental protection problems, Zengcheng has closed and demolished nearly 8,000 pig farms. Introduce excellent enterprises and become the first choice for local meat supply.
Since 2020, many industry insiders have visited the modern ecological agriculture and animal husbandry integration industrial base in Guangzhou Jinnong Zengcheng.
Meng Xiaoyun, general manager of Guangzhou Jinnong Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., said that at present, the base has been put into production for 60%, and there are currently 7,000 sows and 70,000 pigs in total. In July 2022, 100% will be put into operation, with a total investment of more than 1.3 billion yuan. At that time, the pig farm is expected to produce 300,000 pigs per year.
According to Meng Xiaoyun, the base is committed to building a high-standard pig ecological breeding base with the characteristics of "intensive breeding of buildings, ecological environmental protection, combination of circular agriculture breeding and breeding, and beautiful pastures". The project adopts the layout of north-south integration planning, with 3 new nursery and fattening buildings in the south with a height of 8 floors, and a new sow building with a height of 11 floors in the north, which integrates breeding, pregnancy and childbirth. Building breeding is more intensive than traditional pig breeding, management is more refined, compared with the same scale of flat-rise pig farms, the land use only needs about 1/10.
Green: how to break through
Building pig breeding has achieved high-density feeding per unit land area. Therefore, there are many people who are worried about the epidemic prevention and environmental protection problems caused by this.
Meng Xiaoyun said that in terms of epidemic prevention, building pig breeding is actually more convenient to manage. In the past, each pig house had an entrance and exit, but now it is assembled in a high-rise building, and the number of floors adds up to an entrance. In the base, the building is closed, layered independent breeding, the floor has independence and closure, can avoid the cross-flow of personnel, materials, pigs in the high-rise building between the floors, the whole process of self-breeding, intensive scientific breeding.
In addition, the Guangzhou Jinnong Zengcheng Base Project has built a washing and elimination center, an epidemic prevention and isolation center, and a transit center to form a multi-layer biosecurity protection circle centered on the pig farm, so that the environmental toxicity is reduced from the outside to the inside layer, and the multi-level isolation and washing of pigs, materials, vehicles and personnel are realized. At the same time, the manure and manure produced by pigs are utilized and zero pollution discharged through environmental protection facilities such as sewage treatment systems, composting systems, sick and dead animal treatment systems, and odor treatment systems.
Not only that, the "combination of breeding and breeding, green cycle" agricultural planting area in the base, with the "pig swamp +" series of integrated ecological breeding mode, through the "pig swamp +" demonstration field, "pig swamp +" demonstration forest to carry out resource utilization of breeding manure, the construction of breeding and breeding combination, circular economy integrated agricultural industry development system, at the same time is expected to drive the development of the surrounding planting industry, to achieve good economic, social and ecological benefits. According to reports, after the base is fully completed, it will also bring more than one million yuan of economic income to the local village community every year.
Reporters observe
Document No. 1 encourages intensive factory breeding High-rise pigs should become capacity stabilizers
Pig breeding in high-rise buildings has been extremely popular in recent years. The government, enterprises, and pig farmers are all paying close attention.
On February 22, 2022, the newly released Central Document No. 1 proposed to "encourage the development of new breeding facilities such as factory intensive breeding and three-dimensional ecological breeding". "Stabilize the long-term support policy of pig production, stabilize the basic production capacity, and prevent the production from fluctuating."
Although the document does not explicitly propose high-rise breeding or building breeding, high-rise buildings can be understood as a kind of new breeding facilities such as factory intensive breeding and three-dimensional ecological breeding.
Raising pigs on tall buildings is "world apart" from traditional flat-land pig breeding. Although high-rise pigs have existed sporadically for a decade, it has entered the mainstream vision and begun to flourish, that is, in the past two years. It's still fresh, and there are many unfamiliar areas to explore that most practitioners don't really understand.
At present, regarding this model, there is a situation of a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending. Those who praise it are called model innovation; those who praise it are called bold.
In the author's view, the high-rise pig breeding model, which also means high investment, high standards and high technology, will be sustainable and is expected to become a stabilizer of China's pig basic production capacity.
There are three reasons for this.
First, most of the high-rise pig breeding projects are built by leading breeding enterprises in various places. The enterprise itself has strong strength and large project investment, and the enterprise will not withdraw at will due to the ups and downs of the pig cycle.
Second, high-rise pig farming itself contains a series of innovations. As some entrepreneurs pointed out, high-level pig breeding is a series of innovative integrations, environmental protection innovation, management innovation, scientific and technological innovation... It is in line with the development trend of the industry and has market competitiveness.
Third, raising pigs in high-rise buildings can greatly alleviate the biggest pain point of breeding. Breeding land has always been a pain point for China's pig industry. At present, many high-rise pig raising projects only occupy about 10% of the traditional model, which is very in line with the needs of local governments.
At present, Guangdong is vigorously promoting the "four transformations" of animal husbandry: "small scattered breeding to standardized scale breeding transformation, extensive breeding to green scientific breeding transformation, small slaughterhouse transformation to modern slaughtering enterprises, livestock and poultry to meat transformation, and strive to build a high-end industry, high quality and efficiency, reasonable layout, production and marketing coordination, environmental friendliness, green and safe new development pattern."
The blossoming of pigs in high-rise buildings in Guangdong profoundly reflects the deep transformation of Animal Husbandry in Guangdong, which is the result of the development of enterprises and the result of policy guidance and support.
Although the author is optimistic about the future of pig breeding in high-rise buildings, the author also has the courage to remind the industry: there is no diamond diamond, don't take porcelain work. Not all high-rise pigs will have high returns, and not all companies have the ability to raise pigs on high-rise buildings.
This is a breeding model that is constantly being explored and iteratively updated. High-level pig breeding is suitable for excellent enterprises with funds, technology and teams. If there are not enough conditions, blindly getting on the horse is likely to make the tall buildings into rotten tail buildings.
Pigs have flown into the sky, and raising pigs is an ingenious job, which may be more and more not what ordinary people can do.
【Planning】Yan Liang, Mai Qianming, Zhou Xiaofeng, Peng Jin
[Reporter] Peng Jin, Wu Haohui, Liu Xin
【Source】 Southern Rural Newspaper Agricultural Treasure Book
【Edit】Long Zhenhui