As we all know, the most indispensable thing to diagnose diabetes is the glycemic index test. However, many people's understanding of diabetes diagnosis is very one-sided, believing that as long as blood sugar rises, it is a manifestation of the arrival of diabetes.
As everyone knows, diabetes has clear diagnostic criteria in the clinic, and it is not that blood sugar can be directly judged.
According to the WHO's prescribed diabetes diagnostic criteria, diabetes can be diagnosed if the patient has developed typical diabetic symptoms, and the patient's random blood glucose is greater than or equal to >11.1 mmol/L.
Diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed if the patient has no typical symptoms, fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol/L, glycemic index greater than or equal to ≥11.1 mmol/L two hours after a meal, or glucose tolerance test greater than or equal to ≥11.1 mmol/L.
The so-called glucose tolerance test, in the most popular words, is actually to test the body's ability to tolerate glucose!
Under normal circumstances, after eating fine grains or taking glucose, almost all of them will be absorbed by the intestines. After the rise in blood sugar, it stimulates the secretion of insulin, increases the synthesis of liver glycogen, decreases output, and increases the amount of glucose used by tissues in the body.
Therefore, in a healthy situation, the highest blood glucose after a meal will not exceed 7.0mmol/L, and if you eat too much or too little, your blood sugar will remain within a stable range. This shows that normal people have a strong tolerance to glucose, and glucose tolerance is in a normal state.
However, if the self-insulin secretion is insufficient, when the glucose tolerance test is carried out, the glycemic index exceeds 7.8mmol/L in the 2 hours after taking 75g of glucose, which is equal to or greater than 11.1mmol/L, indicating that the tolerance to glucose has decreased.
If this is the case, is an abnormal glucose tolerance test equal to diabetes?
Reduced glucose tolerance is not equal to diabetes, and in the clinic, the outcome of glucose tolerance reduction can be divided into three different situations, the first is to transform into diabetes in the future, the second is to remain unchanged, and the third is to return to normal.
That is to say, the reduction of glucose tolerance, the future is indeed likely to develop diabetes, because this change often means that their own islet function has been damaged, their risk of diabetes, more than 100 times higher than normal people, can be called the reserve army of diabetes!
Studies have shown that if glucose tolerance is not actively intervened, nearly 67% of patients will eventually turn to diabetes. In these people with impaired glucose tolerance, 1.5 to 10% of them will develop diabetes within 1 year. The stage of impaired glucose tolerance is different from diabetes, it is a reversible stage, and positive adjustment can effectively reduce the chance of future diabetes.
Interventions with impaired glucose tolerance mainly include two major aspects: behavioral and drug interventions. For example, patients can adjust their diet, lose weight, and adjust their exercise methods, which in turn reduces the risk of diabetes.
If necessary, patients can also take drugs to reduce the risk of diabetes, and the most commonly used drugs in the clinic are metformin and acarbose.
In a word, impaired glucose tolerance is not equal to diabetes, it is only the early stage of diabetes, which means that there is a dysfunction in the function of its own islets. Without active intervention, there is a high risk that diabetes will develop in the future.
Therefore, do not underestimate the loss of glucose tolerance, it is necessary to actively cooperate with the doctor after diagnosis.