A friend left a message for Huazi, saying that there are too many types of insulin now, and I don't know how to choose. Huazi said that insulin is a prescription drug that needs to be injected, and if used improperly, it is very easy to cause adverse reactions to low blood sugar, and even life-threatening. Therefore, insulin should be used under the guidance of a professional endocrinologist.
However, Huazi can briefly talk about the characteristics of different insulins and make a reference when choosing. In fact, the characteristics of different insulins can be summarized into only two points, the first is that the ingredients are different, and the second is that the efficacy time is different.
First, the difference between different components of insulin
There are three kinds of insulin used now, namely animal insulin (pigs, cattle), recombinant human insulin, and human insulin analogues (mendomb, lai, gu lai, ganxin, dite, degu, etc.).
Animal insulin has allogeneic antigens, is prone to allergic reactions, and is now used very little, and the vast majority of diabetics use the latter two.
Compared with human insulin analogues, recombinant human insulin has fewer adverse reactions (hypoglycemia, subcutaneous induration, insulin resistance, etc.), so it is recommended that human insulin analogues be preferred in patients with diabetes if insulin therapy is required.
Second, the rapid and long-acting effect of insulin
1. Classification of insulin with different components
Short-acting insulin: All recombinant human insulin is short-acting insulin, and mendon, lisin, and gulai in human insulin analogues are ultra-short-acting insulin.
Long-acting insulin: Glycine, Dite, and Degu in human insulin analogues are long-acting insulins, and all three can be used as basal insulin. Among them, Degu insulin has the longest duration of action, there is no absorption peak when used, and blood glucose fluctuations are minimal.
Short-acting insulin can also exert a long-acting effect after binding to spermatin.
2, insulin with "R", "N", and the difference between numbers
R: stands for short-acting insulin;
N: represents long-acting spermatin insulin;
50R or 50: Represents a mixture of 50% short-acting insulin with 50% long-acting spermin insulin.
30R or 30: Represents a mixture of 30% short-acting insulin with 70% long-acting spermin insulin.
25R or 25: Represents a mixture of 25% short-acting insulin with 75% long-acting spermatin insulin.
Third, the indications of different insulin
It is important to understand that all insulin and insulin analogues have the same pharmacological effect and need to be used under the guidance of a doctor, and it is not recommended to adjust the dose yourself. When using it specifically, it is necessary to choose according to the type of blood glucose.
If fasting blood glucose is high but postprandial blood glucose is normal, long-acting insulin may be considered for control.
If postprandial blood glucose is high and fasting blood glucose is normal, short-acting insulin may be considered to enhance postprandial glycemic control.
If fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose are elevated, mixed insulin may be considered for control.
In the process of insulin use, it is necessary to cooperate with diet and exercise at the same time, and to form a regularity. Dietary calorie intake and sports calorie consumption should be kept in a relatively stable state, and cannot be increased at will, nor can it be reduced at will.
In particular, when using short-acting insulin or mixed insulin, be sure to eat in time to avoid hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can be harmful to the brain, and severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening.
When using long-acting insulin, there is no mandatory requirement for meal times, but injections are given at the same time every day to maintain stable blood concentrations and avoid blood glucose fluctuations.
Obesity can cause severe insulin resistance, leading to medication failure, so people who are overweight need to lose weight.
To sum up, although there are many types of insulin, in fact, the insulin that is commonly used now is recombinant human insulin and human insulin analogues, of which the latter has a better effect. At the time of application, the doctor will choose short-acting, long-acting or mixed insulin according to the patient's blood glucose situation.
Diabetics, be sure to use insulin under the guidance of a doctor, do not change the dosage without authorization. At the same time, diet and exercise are carried out. If you have any questions about medication, please consult a doctor and pharmacist. I am a pharmacist Huazi, welcome to follow me and share more health knowledge.