Not more than fifteen years out of the year
As the end of the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival is definitely a big drama of great importance.
Zodiac Tiger Lantern Group in Yu Garden Photographed by Sun Zhongqin
Under the illumination of the artistic lights of Yu Garden, many people spent an "immersive" romantic night in Yu Garden.
On the wall of Huabao Building, a "thousand miles of rivers and mountains" slowly unfolded, and the Fuxing high-speed rail shuttled through it, photovoltaic, 5G, supercomputer... Written on the "Hundred Years is just the wind and glory" picture scroll, echoing the majestic tiger lantern; under the Jiuqu Bridge, the four festival customs of Jiangnan - Lichun eating spring rolls, rain walking three bridges, stinging peach blossoms, and spring equinox brewed spring wine are laid out one by one.
Li Chun eat spring roll theme flower lamp
In the Yangtze River Delta region, the Lantern Festival also has a long history, and the lantern culture is also the cultural gene of Jiangnan's closeness.
New Year's Eve Zhang Lantern Su Lantern for the most
The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is called Shangyuan Festival. Zhang Lantern is one of the important activities of the Shangyuan Festival, so the Shangyuan Festival is also called the Lantern Festival. And because the lantern activities are at night, it is now generally called the Lantern Festival.
There is a long tradition of making Lantern Lanterns in the Jiangnan region, of which Suzhou enjoys the earliest name. The careful "Chronicle of the Qianchun Dynasty" has such a record: "On the first day of the new year, the lantern is the most important." The circle is large, three or four feet in diameter, and it is made of five-colored glass. Landscapes, figures, flowers and bamboo, feathers, all kinds of wonderful, as if coloring the face is also. According to the Qing Jia Lu of the Qing Dynasty, Suzhou Dengshi was sold by "Cargo Lang" in the "area of Wu Xiangfang, Shen Ya Li, Gao Qiao and Zhongshi".
Shanghai Fengjing Ancient Town greets the Lantern Festival Tao Lei Jin Songjun photo
Shanghai's Lantern Viewing Customs are recorded in the historical records of Ming Hongzhi and Jiajing: the thirteenth day of the first month is illuminated, the fifteenth lantern is climaxed, and the eighteen lamps are dropped. Not only that, the Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the downtown shopping street in Shencheng, the red-hot lamp market, and the fashion of viewing lights have promoted the development of Shanghai's lights.
Wu Penghong, director of the Shanghai Mass Culture and Art Museum, said that there are Yuyuan Garden Lantern Festivals in Shanghai, Qinhuai Lantern Festivals in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Jiaoshi Lantern Festivals and Qianjiang Lantern Festivals in Zhejiang, Yixian Hongtan Lantern Festivals in Anhui, and some small lantern festivals held in various places.
Anhui Yixian Hongtan lantern will make a Lantern Festival
The Yangtze River Delta region is very famous in the history of lantern production - Anhui Xin'an glass lamp, Jiangsu Nanjing yarn lamp, Changzhou filament lamp, Suzhou Luojin lamp, Zhejiang Hangzhou sheepskin lamp, Xianju lamp, Jiaoshi Wanyan Luo lamp, Shanghai He Keming lantern, Luodian lantern, etc. - these projects also rely on the illumination culture and have been preserved and developed to this day.
According to Zhang Lili, professor of Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts of Shanghai University and executive director of Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Art (PACC), there are a total of 17 national-level illumination projects, 6 in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the north is dominated by Beijing and Henan, accounting for 4 and 4 in Guangdong, so from a data point of view, the national-level illumination projects in the Yangtze River Delta account for the largest proportion in the country, and the lantern is very influential.
Zhejiang Xianju lanterns
Different from the classical simplicity of the northern lights, and the warm and publicity of the Guangdong lights, the overall yangtze river delta lights are partial to the southern temperament. Zhang Lili said that Shanghai's Haipai lanterns take a delicate route, first making a skeleton and then sticking paper. The Qinhuai Lantern Festival in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is set on both sides of the Qinhuai River, similar to the Shanghai Yuyuan Garden Lantern Festival, showing the beauty of the lanterns in a way that integrates culture and tourism. The illumination shape of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, is mainly based on palace lamps, and the color scheme is soft and elegant. Zhejiang Xianju Lantern Color adopts the Shape of the Tang Dynasty, spliced together with hard board paper, and then pokes out the pattern on the board surface. The lantern color of Yueqing in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Is called Jewelry Dragon, which is designed according to the structure of fishing boats and is a large mechanical device that can be moved.
The 5th Nanjing Lishui Qinhuai Source Lantern Festival
Skilled craftsmen innovate and inherit
Shanghai Lanterns are known for their delicate patterns and bright colors, and have been famous in the history of Shanghai Lanterns. In the Ming Dynasty, the lanterns made by skilled craftsmen in Baoshan, Jiading, Nanhui, Chuansha, Songjiang and other places were the most outstanding. In the mid-1930s, there were more than 20 workshops in Shanghai's lighting industry, of which "Tongdetai" was the largest, with more than 100 lamps in the monthly production palace, of which the Qibao cover lamp and the calligraphy and painting lamp were unique to Shanghai and were the pride of Shanghai lanterns.
Shanghai modern lanterns inherit the excellent skills of ancient lanterns, not only the material is constantly updated, there are hemp, yarn, silk, glass, etc., and the variety is more abundant, there are four categories of tent lamps, marquee lamps, official lamps, and three-dimensional animal lamps. Shencheng illumination art master He Keming once set up a stall in the City God Temple, he produced crane lanterns, phoenix lanterns and other works famous in the world, known as "Jiangnan Lantern King" and "Lantern Cai He", set ornamental, artistic, decorative in one, is the most refined part of Shanghai lantern art.
Shencheng illumination art master He Keming
The three-dimensional animal lamp created by He Keming is the signature feature of Shanghai's illumination art. The inheritor studio of the national intangible cultural heritage project, Shanghai Lantern, is currently located in the Wuliqiao Community Cultural Center, which has also led many residents from the community to pay attention to this intangible cultural heritage.
Gong Zhiyu's teacher Lu Xiezhuang is the second generation of "He Style Lantern". In Gong Zhiyu's view, the production methods and craftsmanship of lights in various parts of the Yangtze River Delta can be interoperable in some places. Gong Zhiyu said that unlike shanghai's three-dimensional animal lights, Zhejiang Haining Kip stone lamp design is mainly based on buildings. "Their illuminations have ingenious ideas in the design of light sources. For example, it is difficult for a pagoda lamp to cover all corners by relying on the central light source alone, and the kip stone lantern will install LED bulbs separately on the four upturned corners of the pagoda lamp. Inspired by this, later when we designed our own lights, if there are corners and corners that the light source cannot illuminate, we will also pull the root line separately to make a small light source. Gong Zhiyu said.
Zhejiang Haining Kip Stone Lantern Festival
With the lamp as the "medium" cross-domain integration
Not only in Shanghai, but also in many places in the Yangtze River Delta, the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage lanterns not only makes this time-honored skill rejuvenated, but also outlines the beautiful "landscape" of the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.
Zhang Lili said that at the 2019 Expo, there is a "Jiangnan Residence" intangible cultural heritage time-honored exhibition hall. At the beginning of the planning of the exhibition hall, in order to restore the beautiful countryside of Shanghai in an authentic way, the Yangzhou Lantern Master was asked to learn from the elements on the paintings of Jinshan farmers, and designed and produced the lanterns with fruits, vegetables, fish and shrimp as the shape, which were densely hung in the museum, and the final presentation effect was very good.
Illuminations in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Pavilion during the Expo
The lantern festival itself is a typical cultural space, carrying and nourishing a very rich folk activity, such as drama, music, juggling, dragon dance, lion dance, rolling lanterns, as well as vendors selling small handicrafts, food and so on. This year, the Yuyuan Garden New Year series focuses on "Shanghai Old Taste, New Experience of Intangible Cultural Heritage", and launches a complete Map of Intangible Cultural Heritage Routes and Strategies for the New Year.
At the Shanghai Art Video Exhibition "Ancient Town Memory • Non-Genetic Inheritance" held in Fengjing Ancient Town, many illuminated masterpieces were also gathered. Jin Jiangbo, vice chairman of the Municipal Federation of Literature and Literature and chairman of the Municipal Association of Creative Designers, said that it is the integration of the ancient town lantern festival and the exhibition design, which makes the traditional lanterns glow with new vitality and also makes people have a new understanding of Jiangnan culture.
"Ancient Town Memory • Non-Genetic Inheritance" Shanghai Art Video Exhibition Tao Lei Jin Songjun Photo
"This year, we are doing a lantern festival in the ancient town, and at the same time we have introduced a lot of intangible cultural heritage projects, ancient towns, lanterns and intangible cultural heritage projects, all of which are precipitated with a thick history and culture, and their temperament is very suitable." Wu Penghong said that on a cold spring night, stepping on the bluestone slab, on the one hand is a small bridge flowing water, on the other side is a white wall of various colored lanterns, is a very beautiful artistic conception, so the combination of the three can be said to be a match made in heaven.
Jiangnan culture, as a symbol, has shaped the image of the Jiangnan region in the sense of human geography. Using the lamp as the "medium" to dig deep into the cultural resources of Jiangnan, this will also further consolidate the cultural identity of the high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.