"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Journey to the West", "Water Margin", "Dream of the Red Chamber" How to "Make the Lantern Festival"

The Lantern Festival is a day of reunion and joy. This festival is taiping weather in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", iron lock star bridge in "Journey to the West", loyalty and friendship in "Water Margin", and reunion of relatives in "Dream of the Red Chamber". The customs and traditions of the Lantern Festival exist not only in the family life of family reunion, but also in the bustling public life, which is where the feelings of home and country in Chinese are located.

"The lamp reflects the moon, doubling the brilliance; the moonlight, adding a very brilliant"

Ancient Chinese agricultural society generally "works at sunrise and rests at sunset", and only the fifteenth day of the first month of the year is open for night walking. On this night, the streets and alleys, all the people rejoiced, a thousand doors like day, and their joys were harmonious.

The sixty-ninth time of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" wrote: This is the Lantern Festival, and it is necessary not to put lights on to show the peaceful weather. The residents of the city "put on a lot of lights and celebrated the festival." On the fifteenth night of the first month, the sky is clear, the stars and moons are shining, the six streets and three cities, the flower lanterns are racing, the real Kingo can't help it, and the jade leak is not urged."

"Jingo" was the chief of the Han Dynasty to maintain public order in the capital, "Jingo can't help but symbolize social stability, Guotai and Min'an; "Jade Leak" is an ancient timekeeping instrument, "Jade Leak Without Urging" contains nostalgia for good times. It is wonderful to be able to depict the lantern scene in the middle of the flock of deer.

In the ninety-first time of "Journey to the West", the Tang monks and disciples fasted at the Ciyun Temple in Tianzhu County, and the monks in the temple earnestly advised them to stay for one or two more days, and then went west to Lingshan after the Lantern Festival. When the Fifteenth Lantern Festival was held, the Tang monks and disciples and the monks entered the city, only to see the city full of colorful lanterns, tourists playing colorful, drums and drums, and continuous singing. I also saw that the lights of the six streets and three cities were on, and the first rise was seen in mid-air. That month, like Feng Yi pushing on a rotten silver plate, this lamp was like a fairy weaving into a paving brocade. The lamp reflects the moon, doubling the brilliance; the moonlight, adding a very brilliant.

The book laments that the iron lock star bridge cannot be seen, and the lights and spark trees cannot be seen. For example, snowflake lights, plum blossom lamps, spring ice cuts; embroidery screen lights, painting screen lights, colorful accumulation. Walnut lamp, lotus lamp, lamp tower hanging high; green lion lamp, white elephant lamp, lampstand high. Shrimp lamps, turtle lamps, high lanes in front of the shed; sheep lamps, rabbit lamps, under the eaves of the spirit. Eagle lamps and phoenix lamps are connected and merged; tiger lamps and horse lamps walk together. Crane lantern, white deer lamp, birthday star riding seat; goldfish lamp, long whale lamp, Li Bai high ride. Aoshan lanterns, immortal gatherings; marquee lights, martial generals clash. It can be said that thousands of lights are in the world, and there are more than ten miles of cloud smoke in the world.

Less than three times, a strong wind suddenly blew, and the three goblins picked up Tang Monk and drove away. The Great Sage learned from the messengers of Gong Cao that these goblins loved to eat lamp oil since childhood, and came to collect oil every year in the first half of the month, and this year they took away the holy monks by the way.

Tang Dynasty Su taste "Fifteen Nights of the First Month" said: "The fire tree and silver flowers are combined, and the iron lock of the star bridge is opened." Among them, "iron lock open" refers to the Tang Dynasty on the fifteenth night of the first month no longer curfew, the public can walk on the street at night. This is an extraordinary folk liberation, and it is no wonder that the Tang monks and disciples have also relaxed their vigilance because of their greed for the bright moon.

"Although it is inferior to Kyoshi, it is only the heavens on earth."

For Song Jiang and Hua Rong, their fate also took a major turn on the day of the Lantern Festival.

On this day, Song Jiang was framed and arrested in the fire of the Society, and Hua Rong made a big fuss to save Song Jiang. This incident was the fuse for Song Jiang and Hua Rong to defect to Liangshan.

In "Water Margin", Song Jiang and Hua Rong have a life-and-death friendship. Hua Rong, as a "Tiger Minister Confucian General", helped Song Jiang gather the first batch of good men and created a good situation for his Liangshan cause; Song Jiang also cherished talents and trusted Hua Rong, regarding him as his "first confidant".

Regarding the description of the Lantern Festival, there is such a record in the "Water Margin": near the Lantern Festival, the town of Qingfengzhai is decorated with colorful hanging flowers, imitating the Aoshan Mountain formed by the Xianshan Mountain of the Island, and hanging five or seven hundred bowls of flower lanterns. Inside the Temple of the Land King, there are juggling of social fires such as dancing Bao Lao, stepping on bamboo horses, and dancing puppets. "Although it is inferior to the Kyoshi, it is only the heavens on earth."

In the social fire team, Song Jiang was made to laugh. Liu Zhizhai's wife heard the laughter and identified Song Jiang as the head of the thief of Qingfeng Mountain. Therefore, Liu Zhizhai summoned his entourage to capture Song Jiang. Hua Rong knew and went straight to the rescue, but was unexpectedly captured. On the way to Qingzhou, the two were rescued by the good man of Qingfeng Mountain and broke with the "old life".

In Dream of the Red Chamber, the scene of the Lantern Festival mainly takes place at home. The eighteenth time "Emperor EnZhongyuan Princess Provincial Parents Tianlun Le Baoyu Chengcaizao" wrote: To the fifteenth day of the five drums, from Jia Mu and other knights, each according to the quality of the big makeup. In the Grand View Garden, the tent dances the dragon, the curtain flying phoenix, the gold and silver glow, the jewelry shines, the incense of the burning lily, the bottle is inserted into the spring, and no one coughs quietly.

Jia Yuanchun was given the title of "Virtuous Concubine" and returned home to his relatives during the Lantern Festival. In order to publicize the majesty of the emperor, jia fu worked day and night, spending huge sums of money to build provincial villas. On the fifteenth day of the first month, Jia Fu greeted the Yuan Concubine according to a procedural provincial ceremony. Only to see that in the Grand View Garden, all kinds of wind lanterns are competing for glory, the trees are tied with silk as flowers, and the incense of the burning lilies is swirling...

After walking through various complicated rituals, Yuan Chun finally "went to Jia Mu's main room and wanted to perform family ceremonies", and Jia Mu and others knelt down. Concubine Jia wept, and went forward to see each other, holding Jia Mu in one hand and Madame Wang in the other, and the three of them had many words in their hearts, and they couldn't say anything, just whimpering and crying. Madame Xing, Li Feng, Wang Xifeng, Yingchun, Tanchun, Xichun, etc., all wept silently.

Yuan Chun originally wanted to perform family rituals to show his respect for Jia Mu, but Jia Mu and others instead knelt down to Yuan Chun to stop it. Although Yuan Chun has returned home, he still can't express his chest directly. Contrary to the jewelry in the Grand View Garden, this scene is lamentable.

Jia Zheng greeted Ann again, and Yuan Chun complained to his father in frustration about "flesh and bones". Jia Zheng tearfully enlightened: "Among the doves and crows, do you want to conquer the Phoenix Luan Rui?" ”

Yuan Chun relied on his virtuous filial piety to be promoted to the throne, and achieved the long-cherished wish of Jia Zheng and his wife to hope for their daughter Chengfeng. In China's cultural tradition, the dragon and phoenix among people are "the essence of the mountains and rivers, the sun and the moon, and the ancestors are far away from the virtue of one person", and they should be conscientious and conscientious and live up to such a great favor. Yuan Chun knew that he had high hopes, so he had to reply to his father: "Only focus on state affairs, maintain it in time, and don't remember it." ”

The Lantern Festival connects history and the future, and while carrying a common historical memory, it also condenses the expectations of the Chinese people for a better life in the future. Customs such as viewing flower lanterns, eating tangyuan, and guessing lantern riddles are repeatedly activated in the "year" cycle, so that the "marginalized" feelings and rhythms of ordinary life can be awakened, so that the common love and hatred and value concepts can be carried forward and developed, and the collective consensus has been condensed and the life tradition has been shaped.

(Author Wu Guoliang Unit: China Wisdom Research Institute, East China Normal University)