The great river east goes to the end of the waves, and the characters of the ancient winds...
When it comes to writing Chibi's poetry articles, it is certainly impossible to bypass Su Dongpo's word and two endowments, as a first-class writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, the level of his word and two gifts in writing Chibi is so high that it can be said that the road for future generations of literati to write Chibi is blocked.
From elementary school to university, we have been exposed to su shi's two gifts, basically in fragments or independent texts, and rarely put the three together.
If you put them together, you will find that this word is twofold, showing a process of his ideological transformation during Su Shi's devaluation of Huangzhou.
Huangzhou is Su Shi's sad place, but from another point of view, this sad place has also achieved him.
During this period, he had a great change in his thinking, especially in literature, he made major breakthroughs, leaving many immortal famous articles for future generations, such as "DingFengbo", "Cold Food Post", including the two words to talk to you today.
We have to admit that his literary achievements in the Huangzhou period have indeed illuminated the ages.
The prevailing view is now that the term was coined in the same year, 1082.
It is true that the two Chibi Fu were written in 1082, but "Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Nostalgia" may not have been written in 1082.
After reading Mr. Zhu Gang's "Ten Lectures of Su Shi", I felt that his views were more desirable, and he believed that the poem "Nian Nu Jiao" predates the two Chibi Fu, and is likely to have been written by Su Shi when he first arrived in Huangzhou.
"Nian Nu Jiao, Chibi Nostalgia"
Huangzhou Chibi is relatively close to Su Shi's residence, Lingaoting, and presumably he often goes there to play.
When he stood on the shore and saw the rolling Yangtze River flowing eastward, he saw the river colliding with the reef to stir up big waves, the waves crashing on the shore, rolling up a thousand piles of snow.
This spectacular picture actually made him a little trance for a while, two different time and space overlapped, he seemed to be in the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, he did not care whether this was the red wall where Zhou Yu broke Cao, but in his heart, the picture scroll from a thousand years ago had slowly unfolded.
He saw zhou Yu, who was majestic and talented, Zhuge Liang, who was resourceful and resourceful, and Cao Cao, who dominated the world.
How magnificent the Three Kingdoms were at that time, whether it was a hero or a tyrant, they could all exert their ambitions and shine in that era.
But now I am more than half a hundred years old, but I am despised, in addition to the early birth of white hair, what achievements does "I" have.
Looking at this rolling river, didn't those heroes at the beginning also pass through the years like this river? Now where is it? It can only be destroyed in this long river of time.
This life is short and fleeting, illusory like a dream, so why should I insist on gain and loss? It is better to raise your glass to invite the bright moon and share the short beauty of life.
At the same time, nostalgia also sees himself through history, and at this time he is like a lonely hong, with hatred and no one to save, resentment, entanglement, and pain.
So in the end he comforted himself and said: Life is like a dream. Anyway, life is a dream, so why bother.
Wasn't this exactly the state of mind when Su Shi first arrived in Huangzhou? Therefore, this poem was composed when he first arrived in Huangzhou, and it should be earlier than the two Chibi Fu.
In this poem, Su Shi came to the first realm: facing suffering and comforting himself.
"Chibi Fu"
Su Shi wrote "Chibi Fu" in the early autumn of 1082, when he had been in Huangzhou for more than two years, far away from the court, and he was able to be alone.
He lived a life of return to simplicity, integrated into the whole of nature, and gained a certain liberation through literary and artistic self-consistency, at which time his mind was quiet, and his outlook on life became firmer and more insightful.
Unlike the last time he was on the shore of Chibi, this time he and his friends were boating on the river.
The breeze is gentle, and the water waves are not happy.
The moonlight poured on the river, the white expanse, in addition to the busy farming, Su Dongpo enjoyed this leisure very much, and was able to drink and sing with friends. In this scene, his friend played a song, but Xiao Sheng was like a grudge, like a cry.
This river, water, wind and moon are so beautiful, why Xiao Sheng is sad and resentful, Su Shi did not understand, so he asked his friend.
His friend replied: Brother Su, we are now in Chibi, and I can't help but think back to the past of Chibi a thousand years ago, to Cao Cao, who wrote "The moon is rare and the magpie flies south", and to Zhou Lang, who besieged Cao Cao in Chibi.
At that time, Cao Cao broke through Jingzhou and went all the way to the east, the big boats and small boats stretched for thousands of miles, the battle flags on the ships covered the long sky, and the wine was lined with rivers, and the poems were written horizontally and vertically, which could not be called the heroes of a lifetime, but where were the big men who dominated the side of the year? Aren't they all lost in the long river of history?
How can you and I go on a night boat trip today and raise a glass and sing a song? Our life is just like a drop in the ocean and an ephemera.
Therefore, I feel that life is short and fleeting, and I want to seek long and unattainable, so sorrow comes from it, and I don't feel that the sound of the whistle is also desolate.
Yikes! Isn't it a little familiar, isn't this Su Shi's state of mind in "Nian Nu Jiao"? Life is like a dream, and the deceased is like a dream.
However, at this time, Su Shi, after two years of tempering in Huangzhou, became more thorough, and moved towards a more open and detached life, and his soul was liberated from the disturbances.
So, at this moment, facing the confusion of his friend, he said: Yes! The water of the Yangtze River is indeed easy to flow, but the Yangtze River has always been there; the moon has changed, but for thousands of years the moon has always been there, unchanged.
If you look at it from the changing side, everything in the world is changing all the time and has never stopped; but from the unchanging side, the Yangtze River has always been there, and the moon has not faded.
From an individual point of view, you and I really can't last long, but from the overall "me", "I" and all things are the same as long-lasting, why should you envy the infinity of the Yangtze River?
Moreover, everything in this heaven and earth belongs to nature, not what you and I can really have, but in this clear breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, we hear and hear, our eyes are colored, and the creation is infinite, although I can't have it, but I can enjoy it temporarily, and it is inexhaustible, isn't this the joy of life, why should we go to the spring and autumn?
wow! That's wonderful! The dialogue between these two people is a speculation on the finite and the infinite.
At this time, Su Shi is reconstructing his world view, and his answer is not only to respond to his friends, but also to respond to his former self in a higher dimension, because in the poem "Nian Nu Jiao", Su Shi only comforts himself with life like a dream.
But in this Chibi Fu, Su Shi has gained the detachment of life, so we come to the second realm of Su Shi's life:
Life is a dream, so what? Open your body and mind to experience life, this is the meaning of life.
Yes, Su Shi, who has experienced great ups and downs, his state of mind has been sublimated, and he can see the world and life in a higher dimension, and when he looks back, it is "no wind and rain and no sunshine" detachment and open-mindedness.
"Post-Chibi Fu"
This is the autumn view of the former Chibi Endowment.
The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water dew is out of the stone.
This is a winter scene of the post-Chibi endowment.
Three months after his last night trip to Chibi, Su Dongpo reunited with his friends in Chibi.
After only three months, the scenery and meteorology written in fu are very different. As Dongpo said: How many days have passed since then, the river scenery and mountains seen on the last tour can no longer be recognized! (The geometry of the sun and the moon, and the country and mountains can not be recognized.) ）
The former Chibi Fu begins on the Yangtze River under the Chibi, that is, "Suzi and the guests swim under the Chibi", but in the post-Chibi Fu, Su Dongpo uses a long paragraph to say the antecedents of this night trip to Chibi: There are guests accompanying, there is a breeze and white moon, there is a beautiful scenery, how can it be wasted? So he searched for wine and foraged for food, and revisited Chibi.
We can't help but think that this passage has little to do with the night tour of Chibi, but why did Su Dongpo spend a lot of money here?
If you taste it carefully, you will find that the writers, wine, fish, and women are actually writing about a kind of daily life, a real life with human fireworks.
This reality is the starting point, through chibi, to the surreal mysterious world of dreams.
In this night trip to Chibi, there is a personal adventure of Dongpo.
During this adventure, he wrote:
Pick up your clothes, climb the riverbank, climb the steep rocks, cut off the thick grass and trees, climb the big tree with the bird's nest, and look down from above to the Yangtze River in the dark night.
At this point, Dongpo couldn't help but let out a long roar, which caused various reactions in nature, and these reactions in the dark night made Dongpo feel frightened and returned to the boat.
Back in the boat, there was no dialogue, no blowpipe, nothing to do, just let the boat drift with the waves, and let it stop.
Many people think that this adventure is only part of the game, there is nothing special, but I have a different view, you may say that I over-interpreted, but it is not important, at least a collision with the author's thoughts.
In my opinion, this adventure is su shi's review of the first half of his life.
Su Shi entered the career from a cloth cloth, to go through the solution test, the provincial test, the temple test, and the later examination of the subject, can be described as a difficult pass, but Su Shi has the courage to climb to a high place, the pass is sad but also passed, and finally entered the career path, realized his dream, and lived above the temple.
Standing on a high place, but he was not accustomed to what the younger generation above the court did, so he wrote a poem to criticize the mouth and write a pen, like a long roar in the endowment, so he was persecuted by the young generation, and finally went to prison and was degraded to Huangzhou, and when he looked back, he was afraid.
During the period of debasement, he began to return to a normal heart, no longer demanding gains and losses, and went with the flow, so that the mind was tranquil.
"Drifting in the middle of the stream, as it goes" may be a portrayal of Su Shi's mind gaining liberation and tranquility.
The night rafting tour was not over, and in the middle of the night, the river was lonely, and suddenly a crane flew across the river from the east, its white feathers and black tail, wings as big as wheels, it suddenly roared, and the ship that brushed him flew west.
He went home to sleep, dreamed of this crane, it changed into the appearance of a Taoist monk, and asked Xiangpo: Was the trip to Chibi still happy last night?
Su Dongpo asked: Are you the white crane that skimmed over my boat last night? The Taoist priest did not answer and went away with a smile.
Su Dongpo woke up, looked around, opened the door to look for it, but found no trace of it, and found nothing.
At this time, the dream of Dongpo is just like Zhuang Zhou's dream butterfly, you can't tell who is in reality and who is in the dream.
In the dream, he saw the crane, saw the Taoist, and saw himself, and at the same time knew that these were just a story in the dream.
The liberation and tranquility of the mind bring him deeper perception and experience, seeing reality through delusion. As the Buddhists say, to see that all are not phases is to see as they are.
At this time, it can be said that he was not only detached from the tribulations, but also gained wisdom in the tribulations.
So we came to Su Shi's third realm of life:
Transcend reality and recognize the world as it is.
In the articles commenting on Chibi Fu in the past, I like a passage from Wu Chucai Wu Tiaohou of the Qing Dynasty in the "Ancient Literature GuanZhi":
But there are no cranes, no Taoists, no fish, no wine, no guests, no walls, only a bright void.
In fact, there are no cranes, no Taoists, no fish, no wine, no guests, not even chibi, only a bright and open.
I wonder, why do so many people like Su Dongpo?
Perhaps it is when we are in adversity, looking back at Su Dongpo, you will find that the amount of heart in him that is with the light and dust and with the universe has helped us open up our own scale of life, so that we can have the opportunity to see the world, see ourselves, and see life with him in times of adversity.
Finally, to borrow a sentence from the TV series "Sword Line in the Snow", I ended the "Three Yong Chibi": The sky does not give birth to my Su Dongpo, and the literary world is like a long night!