As the first person in the Red Chamber text, Baoyu has irreplaceable importance, so a correct understanding of Baoyu is crucial to a correct understanding of the text.
Bao Yu 's behavior is remote and obedient", "his tyrannical and impetuous, stubborn and foolish all kinds of abnormalities", but he is also "gentle and peaceful, intelligent and elegant" to Ya Gui, which is very different from the traditional Gongzi Brother of the feudal era, and seems to be incompatible with the times and rebellious. Some people think that Baoyu is an anti-feudal existence, and even some people interpret it as a precursor to capitalist democratic ideas, but the desire is always full, and the reality is often bone.
When Bao Yu and others went down to the so-called misdeeds, it was already the end of the "hot days" (fat batch). The so-called end times, in the text of "Zhen Shiyin" performed in the "Jia Yu Village Dialect", are not just the decline and fall of a dynasty or family, but also have a deeper political meaning.
At the beginning, when the leper monk saw Yinglian, he cried that he was "fateless and unlucky, and he was involved with his father", and Li Yanzhai, who "knew very well in the bottom of the book", was full of emotions about it: "Look at the first woman he wrote about the opening volume, and use these two words to determine his life, then he knows the purpose of the meaning of the words, who is said to be alone in a 'love' word? The three points of Wu Hou, the second emperor of Wu Mu, the hatred of the two sages, and the inexhaustible situation of the present, the grass of the present! ”
Zhuge Liang "died before he could succeed in his life, and the hero was filled with tears"; Yue Fei "Jing Kang was ashamed, Yu Weixue; the courtiers hated, when will they be extinguished?!" Both go away with unfulfilled wishes, regrets, and both have their roots in the unfulfilled ideals of orthodox politics, so the text must harbor the hatred of orthodoxy that is "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" in the text.
Therefore, the so-called end times in the text really mean that the unorthodox came to power and the orthodoxy declined, which led to the era of accelerated decline of the dynasty. The feudal system pays the most attention to orthodoxy, and the unorthodox in power will naturally use the state apparatus with all its might, argue in every way, and insist that they are the true inheritors of the feudal system, but since they are not orthodox, the real feudal system has actually been destroyed by them.
It is in such an end-time that the attendants of the gods descend to the mortal world. The "Psychic Treasure Jade" that accompanies the attendants of the gods is a symbol of the treasure jade, and the two are actually one. The predecessor of the "Psychic Treasure Jade" is stone, and in the wedge, the "Psychic Treasure Jade" that has regained its essence after experiencing the wind and moon waves has "no material to make up for the heavens, and has been wasted in the red dust for a long time", and everything under the stones is to make up for the broken heavens of the last days, rather than destroying the heavens of the broken feudal system and recreating another heaven.
Therefore, Baoyu is actually not opposed to the feudal system, he is against the unorthodox in the feudal system, not so much that Baoyu is a rebel of the feudal system, but rather the guardian and savior of the feudal system. Unfortunately, the end of the world did not give him any chance, he could only lament that he was not born at the right time, "had the material" but had no chance to "make up for the heavens" and "wasted into the red dust like a long year".
The second lipogram pointed out: "If you write false, you know the truth", "Whoever writes Jia Baoyu's text is a true baoyu", therefore, Zhen and Jia Baoyu in the text are connected, and the words and deeds of Zhen and Jia Baoyu can be regarded as the same Baoyu.
On the fifty-sixth occasion, Shi Taijun and the four women who visited rongguo mansion all talked about their own treasure jade. Shi Taijun said, "I know that the children of other families like you and me, because of what kind of tricks and strange problems they have, when they see outsiders, they must return the formal courtesy." If he does not return the courtesy, he will not be allowed to go away. It is that the adult dotes on him, and the other is that he is born with a satisfactory child; the second is that he sees that the number of people is better than that of adults, so that people see cuteness and pity, and only after their backs do they indulge him a little. If he only cares about the inside and outside, and does not compete with the adults, according to how he is born, he should also be killed. When the four of them heard this, they all laughed and said, "That's exactly what the old lady said." Although we Baoyu are naughty and eccentric, sometimes we meet people and guests, and the rules and etiquette are more interesting than adults, so no one sees him and does not love, only to say why do you still beat him? As everyone knows, he is at home, lawless, adults can't think of words will say, unthinkable things he prefers to do, so the old lady hates the inability. It is sex, but also the long feelings of children; spending indiscriminately, this is also the long feelings of the sons and sons; afraid of going to school is also the common feeling of children: they can still be cured. First, how to be born with this kind of wacky temper makes. ”
Therefore, as the guardian and savior of the feudal system, although Baoyu seems to be "eccentric and obedient" and "not heavy on etiquette" (the twenty-first lipogram), he still abides by the feudal etiquette on the whole.
As the guardian and savior of the feudal system, Baoyu is even more respectful of the way of Confucius and Mencius, the ideological pillar of the feudal system, mainly in the admiration of confucius, the most holy ancestor.
For example, the second time Jia Yucun said Zhen Baoyu, Zhen Baoyu said: "These two words of this daughter, extremely noble and extremely pure, are even more honorable and incomparable than the two treasures of Amitabha Buddha and Yuan Shi Tianzun!" Lip Critic pointed out: "How to only take the second number of the shi and the old number as an example, and slightly dare not be like my first master, Ru Sheng, and others, and Yu does not dare to look at it with a stubborn eye." The nineteenth time, the raider advised Baoyu, mentioning that Baoyu often said, "There are no books except 'Mingmingde', all of which were compiled by the predecessors themselves who could not understand the books of the saints, so they came up with their own intentions and mixed them." The lipogram pointed out: "There are still three words "Mingmingde" in the eyes of Baoyu, and there is still the word "saint" in the heart, and it is said that everyone is crazy and stupid. ”
The fifty-first time, Baoyu ru Musk Yue's conversation said that he did not dare to compare himself with Pine Cypress, and quoted Confucius's famous saying "After knowing the pine cypress and then withering after knowing the pine cypress"; the fifty-eighth time, Baoyu used lies to shelter in the apricot shade of the Grand View Garden to burn paper money to pay tribute to the lotus official of his deceased lover In the play, and talked with Fangguan about the truth of "sincerity" under the window of Qian, asking Fangguan to tell Fangguan not to burn paper money in the future, because paper money "is not Confucius's last training"; the seventy-seventh time, Qingwen was thrown out of the Grand View Garden, and Baoyu, who was worried about Qingwen, said to the attackers. Qingwen will die, because the begonias under the steps have pre-withered in the spring, and say that all things under the heavens are reasonable, and to use the big topic comparison, among them are the juniper in front of the Confucius Temple, the yarrow in front of the tomb, the world chaos is wilting, the world is prosperous, and so on.
Knowing the relationship between Baoyu and the feudal system, we also understand that Baoyu is not really opposed to the sages.
Unorthodox claims to be orthodox, of course, it is necessary to distort the way of Kong Meng, pointing out that Lu Weima insists that he is orthodox, that the upper liang is not right and the lower liang is crooked, and that those who pursue fame and profit will vote for the favor of those in power, and that they will "know the poetry cloud" every day, and read the so-called sage books that are deliberately "compiled out of their own minds" (the nineteenth time), forming the so-called "study of fashion" in the mouth of Jia Yucun [Note 1]. Jia Huan, Jia Lan, and others are proficient in this so-called "study of fashion"; they read books in order to do a good job in the eight strands, as a "bait and name fishing for the rank of Lu", there is no country and no people in their hearts, everything is only for fame and fortune, there is no courtesy, righteousness, and shame to speak of, from the big aspect, usurping the world, bringing calamity to the country and the people; from the small aspect, the officials are knighted, and the party is harmed. "It is even worse to read the book, this is the book mistaken for him, but unfortunately he also trampled the book badly" (the forty-second Baochao language), that is, Baoyu's so-called "national thief Lu Yin".
As the guardian and savior of the feudal system, Bao Yu of course "deeply hated this way (Shiwen Eight Shares)" (the seventy-third time), because "the original was not the author of the sages, but he could expound the subtle mysteries of the sages, but as a bait for posterity." (Seventy-third time), he is a clear stream in this filthy atmosphere, he is not against reading, let alone not reading, he is against "wrong reading."
The so-called Baoyu hates reading, or even opposes reading, in fact, it is "written from the world's will" (the fifth fat batch) Where Baoyu is. The eighth time, when Jin Yu first gathered, Aunt Xue advised Bao Yu not to eat cold wine, and Bao Chao smiled: "Brother Bao, thanks to your daily miscellaneous school, don't you know that wine is the hottest?" Lip critic pointed out: "Looking at it, if it were not for Bao Qing's words, I would not know what Yu Qing's day would be." "Saying that Yu Brother is studying in Baoqing's mouth is to make a slight dew to unload the spring hanging ear." It is fortunate that the book does not look at the front. Baoyu's reading is in addition to the correct understanding of the way of Confucius and Meng, "miscellaneous learning", such as Taoism, Buddhism, etc., with the purpose of "reading to be clear and reasonable, assisting the country and governing the people" (the forty-second Baochao language).
In addition, Baoyu did not fiercely oppose the wife and concubine system, even if he was not willing; although Baoyu was quite considerate to the subordinates, the master's consciousness would occasionally flash, such as the eighth time he wanted to take away the nursing mother Li Mama in the eighth drunkenness, and the thirty-first time he wanted to take away Qingwen; he never doubted the ethical order of "father for son", Jia Zheng even almost beat him to death, he was still afraid and respectful of Jia Zheng, never had the luxury of hoping that Jia Zheng could communicate with him in a friendly and equal way, and did not dare to resist it, and so on. It can also be proved that Baoyu is not a so-called feudal rebel.
The "unforgiving" treasure jade, that is, "all the ignorance and ignorance of the world, they all have an infatuation to be considerate." According to this, some people believe that Baoyu has the idea of capitalist democracy and equality, he is an anti-feudal fighter, he has a transcendental nature, but in fact, democracy and equality are not the patents of capitalism. The ideological pillar of feudal society- Confucianism also has democracy and equality, and Baoyu's "unsentimentality" is actually similar to the "benevolence" in Confucian thought.
Confucians opposed tyranny and wanted the king to practice "benevolent government." "Benevolence" is the most basic social ethics category of Confucianism and the core of Confucian thought. The original meaning of "benevolence" is affinity, which refers to the mutual affection between people and people. "Speaking of The Interpretation of Words" Ren, Pro also. Confucius clearly put it forward: benevolent, lover. Confucianism believes that "benevolence" should be used to deal with ethical and social relations, and advocates that people should respect, help each other, and be friendly.
Bao Yu is not an anti-feudal and democratic dreamer of the Red Chamber[Note 2], and of course, "Dream of the Red Chamber" is not an anti-feudal work, let alone a pioneering work with the germ of capitalist democratic ideas. Baoyu is the author's "self-contained" (fat batch), the eightieth fat criticism points out: "This book is full of unfairness, and it is all unexpected words", the author through the "material" but has no chance to "make up for the heavens", Baoyu, is only intended to convey his unfortunate birth in the unorthodox end of the world, unable to exert the ambition to save the country and the people of the infinite resentment and pain.
Social development and progress has its own objective historical laws, is a spiral, every time the progress of social form, human beings have experienced a long and arduous exploration, paid an extremely high price. People of every era have their historical limitations even if they are prophetic, and Cao Xueqin is certainly no exception, although he is a rare literary genius of mankind and is at the forefront of his era, he is not omnipotent and omniscient.
"Dream of the Red Chamber", as a huge work into which he has devoted his life and painstaking efforts, reflects his life and the realm of his ideological spirit, so if we leave his era and artificially elevate the realm of his ideology and ideology, thus misreading the dream man, it is harmful to truly understand the author's "taste", of course, this is especially true for Baoyu.
Note 1, the third lipogram pointed out: "Magic in the whole refers to the east to the west, the grass to scare the snake, if you read it written by one person is to do this one person to see, sir will stay." ”
Because the Jia family both artistically reproduces the Cao family and alludes to the royal family, Jia Yucun, who took the Jia family and replaced it, actually plays four roles in the fantasy text, one of which is the founding prince, and the follow-up "Walking" to the Red Chamber series of humble articles will further explore this.
Note 2: Both Bao Dai and Bao Yu are representative dreamers in the orthodox symbol of a large view garden, so the so-called Dai Yu is the spiritual partner of Bao Yu's like-mindedness, and the Bao Chao of "An Fen Cong Shi" is a feudal defender and the opposite of the spirit of Er Yu, which is not true. Otherwise, the forty-second time Bao Chao's insights on reading and reasoning made Dai Yu happy and sincere, dissolving the long-term mustard between the two, and the two were in love with each other from then on, what should be the explanation?
Author: Guo, this article is to read less of the original works of the Red Chamber. Welcome to my headline number: Read less about the Red Chamber and tell you a different story of famous books.