Among the ten marshals of New China, the earliest person to join the party was Zhu De, who was in November 1922, and the people who introduced him to the party were Zhou Enlai and Zhang Shenfu. The last person to join the party was Peng Dehuai, who was introduced to the party in April 1928, and the person who introduced him to the party was Duan Dechang, who was then the secretary general of the Political Department of the Independent 5th Division and later entered the ranks of 36 military experts in our army.
When he joined the party, Peng Dehuai was the commander of the 1st Regiment of the Independent 5th Division of the National Revolutionary Army.
Peng Dehuai is a native of Xiangtan, Hunan Province, and a fellow villager of Chairman Mao. In addition to Chairman Mao and Peng Dehuai, Xiangtan also produced founding generals Chen Geng and Tan Zheng (Tan Zheng was Chen Geng's brother-in-law), founding general Peng Shaohui, founding lieutenant general Ding Qiusheng, and Luo Yinong, who was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee.
Peng Dehuai, born in 1898 from a poor peasant family, is the same age as Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi, and his zodiac signs are dogs. It is also interesting to say that Zhu De (born in 1886), who is one round older than Peng Dehuai, and Liu Yalou, Zhang Aiping, Deng Hua, Tang Liang, Huang Yongsheng, Lai Chuanzhu and Chen Bojun (all born in 1910), who are one round younger than Peng Dehuai, are also dogs.
Peng Dehuai's original name was Peng Dehua, and when he was admitted to the Hunan Army Officer's Lecture Hall in 1922, he changed his name to Peng Dehuai, which comes from the classic sentence "Gentleman Huaide, Villain Huaitu" in the Analects.
Few people know that the names of the ten marshals are very elaborate. The name and character of Marshal Chen Yi (Zi Zhonghong) also comes from another good sentence in the Analects: "A soldier cannot fail to carry out His majesty."
Liu Bocheng's original name was Liu Mingzhao, which comes from the chapter and sentence in the Xunzi Persuasion Chapter: "It is the one who has no ambition to meditate, and there is no light of Zhao Zhao." ”
Luo Ronghuan's name comes from the verse "桓桓于征" in the Book of Poetry.
Xu Xiangqian's original name, Xu Xiangqian, comes from the Zhou Yi, and "Qian" is one of the sixty-four gua in the I Ching, and is the only one of the sixty-four gua.
On July 22, 1928, the third month after joining the Party, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo, and other leaders launched the Pingjiang Uprising, which was another great feat launched and led by the Chinese Communists at the critical juncture of the Chinese revolution after the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and the Guangzhou Uprising, which shook Xiang'egan and caused a sensation throughout the country.
Participating in the uprising were three units of the Independent Fifth Division of the National Revolutionary Army: the First Regiment with Peng Dehuai as the commander; the Third Battalion of the Third Regiment of the Third Regiment with Huang Gongliu as the battalion commander; and the cadets of the Independent Fifth Division led by He Guozhong.
After the success of the Pingjiang Uprising, the rebel army was reorganized into the Red Fifth Army, with Peng Dehuai as the commander, Teng Daiyuan as the party representative, and Deng Ping as the chief of staff and secretary of the Red Fifth Army Military Commission.
At this time, Peng Dehuai's most admired person was Chairman Mao. Long before the Pingjiang Uprising, Peng Dehuai wrote a secret poem to Huang Gongliu, another important leader of the uprising, which contained the following 4 sentences: Only the Workers' and Peasants' Army of Run jumped on the banner of Jinggang. I want to follow this example, or to the lakes or the mountains. Runzhi is Chairman Mao.
The top military leader of the Pingjiang uprising was Peng Dehuai, the top leader of the party was Teng Daiyuan, and the second leader of the party was Deng Ping. Before the uprising, Deng Ping was assigned by the Central Committee to the First Regiment of the Independent Fifth Division, where Peng Dehuai was the head of the regiment, to carry out military movement work, and any secretary of the branch of the regimental party branch, Peng Dehuai was an ordinary member of this party branch. Deng Ping was later a famous general of the Red Army and the only legion-level general to die in the Long March of the Red Army.
In October 1928, the Fifth Red Army was combined with guerrillas around Pingjiang and Liuyang to form three columns. In December, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the first and third columns of the Fifth Red Army to Jinggangshan to join the Red Fourth Army and became the Fifth Column of the Red Fourth Army; the second column was commanded by Huang Gongluo, who remained in Xiang'e and Gansu to persist in guerrilla struggle.
In January 1929, Chairman Mao and Zhu De led the main force of the Red Fourth Army to leave Jinggangshan and fight in Ganmin. Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the 30th Regiment and the 32nd Regiment to remain at Jinggangshan. In March, Peng Dehuai once led the main force to Gannan to look for the Red Fourth Army, and soon returned to Jinggangshan.
In early September 1929, the Fifth and Sixth Columns of the Red Fourth Army rendezvoused with the Red Army detachments in Xiang'e,E,Ganbian and re-formed the Fifth Army, with Commander Peng Dehuai, Political Commissar Teng Daiyuan, and Deputy Commander Huang Gongluo.
In June 1930, according to the instructions of the central government, with the Fifth Red Army as the backbone, it was expanded into the Red Third Army, the commander of the corps was Peng Dehuai, and most of the main cadres participated in the Pingjiang Uprising. Of the 1,050 founding marshals and generals awarded in September 1955, more than 170 belonged to the Red Army and served in the Red Army. Among them were Marshal Peng Dehuai, General Huang Kecheng, Admiral Wang Ping, Su Zhenhua, Li Tianyou, Li Zhimin, Li Jukui, Yang Yong, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Zongxun, Zhang Aiping, Chen Shiyu, Zhou Huan, Guo Linxiang, Zhong Qiguang, Tang Liang, Huang Yongsheng, Peng Shaohui, and Fu Qiutao.
Among the ten marshals, there are two main people who have pulled out the ranks for our army alone.
The first was He Long, whose initial team was dispersed in the Nanchang Uprising, and he returned to Xiang'exi to pull out the team, which was the later Red Second Army, which was the main force of the Red Second Front.
The other was Peng Dehuai, the troops he had pulled out during the Pingjiang Uprising, which later developed into the Red Third Army. Originally, the Central Military Commission wanted to reorganize the Red Third Army into the Red Third Front, but Peng Dehuai took the initiative to propose that the Red Third Army be merged into the Red Front, so the Red Third Front was the only one in military history.
In 1930, Peng Dehuai led the Red Third Army to capture Changsha and occupied it for ten days. This was the only provincial city captured by the Red Army during the agrarian revolutionary war, which shows Peng Dehuai's bravery in fighting. Subsequently, the first organized provincial Soviet government in the country, the Hunan Provincial Soviet Government, was established, accumulating valuable experience for the Communist Party of China to establish and manage provincial Soviet power.
In November 1931, Peng Dehuai was appointed vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. During the Red Army period, Peng Dehuai served for a long time as deputy commander-in-chief of the Central Red Army, that is, the Red Army, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, and during the Liberation War as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He also took the lead on many occasions, such as commanding the Hundred Regiments War that shocked China and foreign countries during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, serving as the commander of the Northwest Field Army during the War of Liberation, and liberating several provinces.
On the northwest battlefield during the Liberation War, Peng Dehuai used weak troops to win more with less on many occasions, and beat Hu Zongnan to find teeth all over the place. After Hu Zongnan fled to Taiwan, in his later years, he also said with emotion: "Until now, I don't understand how I can't defeat Peng Dehuai's 26,000 people with 250,000 people in my hands." ”
Peng Dehuai was resolutely opposed to putting himself on a par with Commander-in-Chief Zhu De. At the end of 1949, the Ichino 2nd Corps was holding an enlarged meeting in Lanzhou. When Commander Ichino Arrived, Peng Dehuai pointed to the portrait on the rostrum and roared, "Quickly take off the pig's head on the side and move it away!" How much dry food did I eat in Peng Dehuai, and what qualifications did I have to stand side by side with the portraits of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu? I said I was not allowed to hang my image, why did I say it in vain? Xu Guangda, commander of the Ichino And 2nd Corps, immediately asked people to take off Peng Dehuai's image.
What is less well known is that Peng Dehuai also partnered with Chairman Mao, one was a military chief and the other a political chief. The first was at the end of the Long March, when the Party Central Committee reorganized the Red Army and the Central Military Commission column of the Right Route Army into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Chairman Mao as political commissar, Peng Dehuai as commander, Lin Biao as deputy commander, Ye Jianying as chief of staff, and Wang Jiaxiang as director of the Political Department.
The second was in 1936, when the Red Army went on a crusade, the "Chinese Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard Army" was formally formed. Chairman Mao, Peng Dehuai, and Ye Jianying concurrently served as general political commissar, commander-in-chief, and chief of general staff, respectively. The Red 28th Army, the Red 1st Army, and the Red 15th Army were divided into left, middle, and right three major armies, and each of them chose a breakthrough point to cross the river and was ready for the Eastern Expedition. The victory of the Crusades achieved a major victory, which Chairman Mao summed up and appraised in this way: Victorious battles were fought, the people were aroused, property was prepared, and the Red Army was enlarged.
Peng Dehuai looks old and rough, but he is actually very cultured and very feminine. The famous female writer Ding Ling and the American female journalist Smedley both liked Peng Dehuai, but they were all rejected by Peng Dehuai.
In 1938, Pu Anxiu, a talented woman from Peking Normal University, married Peng Dehuai. This year, Peng Dehuai was 40 years old. Unfortunately, the two also parted ways later.
Among the ten marshals, in addition to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, the only ones who commanded more than a million troops were Lin Biao and Peng Dehuai. Lin Biao commanded a million male soldiers in the Siye era in the late stage of the Liberation War, and Peng Dehuai commanded a million troops during the period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was revered as the "Battle of founding a nation" that had a far-reaching impact on new China and the building of the people's army, and Peng Dehuai joined the command of the DPRK and served as commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army.
In October 1951, during the crushing of the "Allied Forces" Autumn Offensive, the total strength of the Chinese Volunteer Army reached 19 corps, 9 field artillery divisions, 2 anti-tank artillery divisions, 4 tank regiments and 1.15 million engineers, railways, anti-aircraft artillery, guards, public security and air force units.
In the case of backward weapons and equipment and no air and sea supremacy, the volunteer army commanded by Peng Dehuai forced the us-led coalition forces to retreat from the Yalu River to the 38th Line, and even once to the vicinity of the 37th Line, creating a miracle in the history of human warfare, and was praised by Stalin as "an outstanding military expert who won the battle against tanks and aircraft with rifles and machine guns."
Peng Dehuai is humble and pays attention to summing up lessons learned. In his autobiography "Peng Dehuai's Self-Description", he regarded the Battle of Ganzhou during the Red Army period, the Battle of Guanjia'an in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Battle of Xifu Longdong in the War of Liberation, and the Fifth Battle to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea as the four major defeats in his life.
Throughout his life, Peng Dehuai was strict with himself, diligent and thrifty, always concerned about the well-being of the masses of the people, and always maintained the true colors of the working people. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he held important posts in the party, government, and military, and often went out to inspect. Before each departure, he told the staff around him that "four no's" were not allowed: First, whenever he went to a place, he was not allowed to ask the locals to pick up and drop off; second, he was not allowed to eat anywhere and was not allowed to invite guests; third, he was not allowed to ask people to buy things on his behalf, and if he sent them to the door, he also politely refused; Fourth, when visiting, he was not allowed to accompany him before and after. That's what he said, and he did even more! (Liu Jixing)