Changzhi unearthed a three-colored tiger pillow in the Jin Dynasty

Changzhi unearthed a three-colored tiger pillow in the Jin Dynasty

Cui Limin (Librarian, Changzhi City Museum)

In May 1996, Haojiazhuang Village, Changzhi County, discovered the ancient tomb of the Jin Dynasty, and the Changzhi City Museum immediately organized personnel to investigate after hearing the news, and with the strong assistance of the local public security department, recovered a three-colored lotus stone Mandarin duck pattern tiger-shaped pillow of the Jin Dynasty. The tiger pillow is glazed with yellow, white and black, and the pillow height is 13, the bottom length is 38.1, and the waist width is 16.8 cm. The pillow is crouching tiger-shaped, with white ears, thick eyebrows, round eyes, a double hole in the nose that doubles as a stomata, a large mouth, exposed canine teeth, yellow black markings on the tiger's body, and a long tail disc on the ventral side. The pillow surface is illuminated, white glazed, and mountain stones, lotus branches, reeds, and mandarin ducks play (Seal 3:1). Flat and unglazed bottom, exposed yellow mud tires, central ink book "Zhenyuan 3rd year June 5th Wang Zao" 10 characters (Feng 3:2)

Zhenyuan (贞元) was the year of King Hailing of the Jin Dynasty, and the third year was 1155 AD. Tiger pillow belongs to the Cizhou kiln products, Cizhou kiln porcelain pillow belt chronology of the earliest era is collected in the Gansu Provincial Museum of "Ming Dao Yuan Nian" tiger pattern pillow, pillow side inscription "Ming Dao Yuan Year Qiao Yue Qiao Yue Qingshan Daoist drunken pen in Shayang" 16 characters, Ming Dao is song Renzong year number, Ming Dao first year is 1032 AD. At present, there are jin dynasty ceramics with an age, including the white glazed black flower bird pattern tiger-shaped pillow of the Cizhou kiln system of the Jin Dynasty collected by the Shanghai Museum, the ink book "Dading 2 June 6, 2020 □ Family Made", the white glazed black flower jar collected by the Chinese History Museum, the jar belly ink book "Foguang Pudu Da'an 2nd Year Zhang Taizao", as well as the celadon specimen of the Yaozhou kiln in the second year of Da'an, the white glazed sand circle porcelain bowl of the Mingchang 3rd year, and many ding kiln porcelain excavated from the 17th and 24th years of the golden tomb of Dading, but few of the previous products of Jin Dading have been found. It is generally believed that the ceramic industry in the Central Plains was restored and developed during the Dading period, such as the Quyang Ding kiln in Hebei, the Guantai kiln in Cizhou, the Jun kiln in Yuxian County, Henan, and the Yaozhou kiln in Tongchuan, Shaanxi.

After the King of Jin Hailing moved the capital to Yanjing in 1153 AD, the ceramics in the vast Guannei area belonged to the late Jin Dynasty production, from the "Jingkang Change" in 1127 to the Hailing King's relocation of the capital in 1153, the Jin soldiers repeatedly invaded the south, resulting in the kiln workers fleeing south, and the Central Plains ceramic industry was basically in a state of abandonment. By the time Kim Sejong completed Yan Yong's "ascension to the throne and the reconciliation of the north and south", during the nearly 30 years of his reign, the economy of the Jin Dynasty, including the ceramic industry in the Central Plains, was restored and developed. The gold "Zhenyuan Three Years" sancai tiger pillow unearthed in the Changzhi area is 8 years earlier than the tiger pillow of the Shanghai Museum's gold "Dading Second Year" model, and more than 50 years earlier than the white-glazed black flower jar of the Golden "Da'an Second Year" of the History Museum, from which it can be inferred that the ceramic industry in the Shanxi region north of the Yellow River has resumed production three years after the JinhaiLing dynasty moved its capital."

There are currently four workshops in Cizhou kiln specializing in porcelain pillows, with the largest number of "Zhangjiazuo" and a longer duration, and The Dongaikou Village of Guantai Town is the main production area of "Zhangjiazuo" stamp pillow. The "First Year of the Ming Dynasty" tiger pattern pillow has the "Zhangjiazao" mark.

According to the survey data, the size of Shanxi accounts for no less than 60 kiln sites, and there are 2 kiln sites in the Liaojin period in Changzhi area, including Xiangyuan and Changzhi Bayi. Changzhi ancient called Shangdang, Jin Dynasty as Luzhou, Jin Tianhui in the sixth year (1128) in Luzhou Jiedushi and Lunan Liaoqin observation and disposal envoy, jurisdiction of Shangdang, Huguan, Tunliu, Changzi, Lucheng, Xiangyuan, Licheng, Shiba County, over the years the Counties under the jurisdiction of the Changzhi region have found the Jin Dynasty three colored tiger pillows, such as Changzhi, Changzi, Tunliu, Xiangyuan and other counties □ Changzhi City Museum collection of more than 10 pieces, roughly can be divided into two categories. One type of glaze color is bright, the pillow tire is thick, and the tiger nose is double-hole; the other type of glaze is gray and dark, the tire quality is light and thin, and the tiger nose is single-hole. In May 2002, one of the gold tombs excavated from the brick factory in Xiaosong Village, Haojiazhuang, Changzhi County, belonged to the latter. The relationship between these two types of tiger pillows is unclear, but it is inferred from the above that the "Zhenyuan Three Years" tiger pillow may be a product of a local ceramic kiln. In recent years, black glaze, white glaze, white glaze black flower and representative red and green colored porcelain pieces of Bayi kiln have been found in the investigation of local kiln sites, but no fragments of sancai tiger pillows have been found, whether they are produced by local kilns, and finally need to be confirmed by the physical data excavated from the kiln site.

"Zhenyuan Three Years" three-colored lotus stone Mandarin duck pattern tiger shape pillow glaze color is bright, the painting is concise and bright, full of strong atmosphere of life. The pillow was designated as a first-class cultural relic by the National Appraisal Committee in May 1997.