Read the Analects once a year (June 2022)

Ten lectures in the Analects

Comment on each passage of the original book, and give each quotation cluster class;

The large categories were sorted according to certain rules, so there was a new Analects.

The first lecture is a common encouragement

The Analects can be learned and used to enhance one's self-cultivation and to improve one's ability to treat others and things and to deal with the world.

Putting "common encouragement" in the first lecture, "encouragement" is the "encouragement" of encouragement, and "common encouragement" is that everyone works together.

Let's study the Analects together and practice the Analects together.

【Common Encouragement】

14.10 Zi Yue: "Poor without complaint, rich without arrogance." ”

Poor pass is not easy, a piece of money can be difficult to the hero. The family is poor, has no money in hand, is angry, deceived, and restricted everywhere, and has no complaints and needs a big heart.

And rich people, if adults, or the head of the family, can have this consciousness, deliberately to cultivate the child's excellent character, it is still relatively easy.

Of course, difficulty and ease are relative. Among the poor, there are those who have grievances and those who have no complaints, and the proportion is only large. Among the rich, there are those who are proud and those who are not proud, and the proportion is only large.

Zhu Ziyi: "Dealing with poverty and hardship, dealing with wealth and ease, people's common feelings." However, people should be reluctant to do so, and they should not neglect their ease. ”

14.33 Zi Yue: "Ji does not call it strength, but its virtue." ”

Ji, a thousand-mile horse, a horse that is good at running. People praise a horse as a good horse, and what they praise is that it can run, one is to run fast, and the other is to last.

What is the "virtue" of horses to call? Well-trained, well-equipped, and listening to people is the virtue of horses. A horse that listens to people's words, if it does not run fast, it is not a good horse.

If "virtue" is interpreted as "gain" and the meaning of "result", can it be explained like this: Maxima does not examine whether you start quickly or not, but comprehensively examines your speed and endurance to see who can run to the finish line first?

But is this explanation to emphasize the success or failure of heroes? Doesn't seem right either.

15.12 Zi Yue: "Man has no far-reaching worries, but will have near-term worries." ”

"Long-term thinking" is said to be temporal in terms of long-term thinking, and can also be interpreted spatially as "the road ahead".

"Near" can also correspond to the "now" in time, or it can be "here" in space.

"Worry" means "affliction" and "distress."

15.15 Zi Yue: "Bowing to oneself and being weak in blame is far from resentful." ”

Bow, self, self.

"Bow down to self-respect" is the provincial word of "bowing down to self-esteem", which is the opposite of "thin responsibility". That is to say, to be lenient with others, to be strict with oneself, and to regurgitate oneself. In doing so, there will naturally be less resentment.

【Common Encouragement】【Tao】

15.29 Zi Yue: "Man can propagate the Tao, but not the Tao." ”

The Tao is the goal that man pursues, and man can promote the Tao, and the Tao is not used to help himself become famous.

15.40 Zi Yue: "The Tao is different, and it is not a conspiracy." ”

Different paths are fundamental principles.

Fundamentally different, we are people on two paths, there is nothing to discuss, and we cannot work together.

15.30 Zi Yue: "To pass without changing is to be excessive." ”

Wrong is wrong, and if there is a mistake, it is also wrong. Mistakes can be known, and mistakes can be corrected, so that people can continue to make progress.

But some mistakes are difficult to find themselves and need to be pointed out by others, so they should be heard and heard.

16.5 Confucius said, "The three pleasures of the gainer and the three pleasures of the loser." Happy Festival, Goodness of the People, Good Friends, Yiye. Happy, happy, happy, happy, damaged. ”

Fun, interests, preferences. Helpful "le".

佚 [yì]: 1. Same as "Yi", comfortable. 2. Debauchery. 3. Beauty.

Like to use liturgy to moderate their own behavior, like to say good things about others, like to make friends with virtue, which is a beneficial hobby; like to indulge in extreme lust, like to be idle, like to eat, drink and sing, this is a detrimental hobby.

Confucius's use of the path of profit and loss to guide self-cultivation is a direct result of attaching importance to the profit and loss of the I Ching. Guodian Chujian also has a similar text, "Language Cong III": With the righteous person traveling, benefit. With the dealer, benefit. Learn the article, benefit. With the profanity, damage. Travel with bad scholars, damage. Without habit, loss. Self-indication, loss. Self-disclosure is insufficient, beneficial. Youyi, benefit. Chongzhi, Yi. In the heart, benefit. Something doesn't work, good. Must do, loss.

According to the law of loss and benefit against battle, after the simple text is "in the heart, benefit", there should be another jane to talk about three losses.

Comparing the profit and loss here with the three benefits and three losses taught by Confucius, the content is different, but the two are consistent in the way of profit and loss to suggest the way of self-cultivation. The author of Guodian Chujian's "Yu Cong III", like Confucius, attaches great importance to the loss of yi and the two gua of benefit, and he also links yi dao with daily life, and puts forward his own views on the way of self-cultivation and profit and loss.

20.3 Confucius said, "If you do not know your destiny, you cannot be a gentleman; if you do not know etiquette, you cannot stand up; if you do not know what you say, you cannot know who is also a gentleman." ”

Standing is standing in the world. "Thirty and standing" of "standing".

"Knowing people" means knowing others and understanding others.

Confucius emphasized that a gentleman should have "three knowledges": knowing fate, knowing etiquette, and knowing words.

Knowing fate, fate is destiny. Sex is pretentious, destined to fall from heaven.

There are two kinds of fate, one is death and life, that is, the fate of life, and death and life have life. The second is to attain misfortune and misfortune, that is, the fate of fate, wealth and nobility in heaven, do their duty, and obey the destiny of heaven.

In fact, people still have a little influence on life, and can even predict or change them, but in the final analysis, these two lives are things that are poor and clever, and ultimately cannot be fully controlled.

Confucius feared the Mandate of Heaven and believed that he could not be a gentleman without knowing his destiny.

Forty is not confused, fifty and knows the Mandate of Heaven, is it true that Confucius did not meet this condition of being a gentleman until he was fifty years old?

Confucius did his duty before the age of fifty, and after the age of fifty, he obeyed the mandate of heaven and found his mission.

Etiquette is a social norm and code of conduct. Confucius believed that to stand up as a human being, it is necessary to be polite. To be a gentleman, you must be polite.

Speech is a tool for human communication, whether it is written down or spoken words, people and people communicate, no language can not be. To be a gentleman, you must also know what to say, and you must be able to speak and obey. Obedience must be listened to, and the meaning of words should be heard.

Cheng Ziyi: Those who know their destiny, know their destiny and believe in it. If a man does not know his fate, he will avoid harm when he sees it, and he will tend to see profit, so why should he be a gentleman?

Yin Shi Yue: Knowing the three, then the gentleman's affairs are prepared. The disciple remembers this to the end, do you have to care? Scholars read it few, and the old do not know that a word is usable, not much more than those who insult the holy words? The Sinner of the Master also! Can you not read it?