China is an ancient civilization, and in the history of the mainland for more than 5,000 years, our ancestors have left us countless cultural heritages. According to statistics, there are currently more than 4 million cultural relics from different historical periods in the museum on the mainland, which are the best historical witnesses of Chinese civilization and are a priceless treasure.
Pass on the national jade seal
The Chuanguo Jade Seal is the seal of the emperor of the party that Qin Shi Huang ordered the chancellor Li Si to carve with heshi bi.
Speaking of chuanguo jade seal, we have to mention the story of Heshi Bi: during the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He found a piece of pu jade, and he took the jade and wanted to offer it to king Chu Li, but king Chu Li thought that Bian He had only offered a stone, so he cut off Bian He's left foot in the name of deceiving the king. After King Chuwu ascended the throne, Bian He once again entered the palace with heshibi and wanted to sacrifice it to king Chuwu, but yugong told king Chuwu that it was a stone, and Bian He was once again cut off with his right foot for the crime of deception. After King Wen of Chu succeeded to the throne, Bian He once again offered Heshi Bi, this time King Wen of Chu was not hasty, he ordered people to cut open the jade, and found that Bian He offered a piece of white and flawless jade, so he named it "Heshi Bi".
Heshi bi is known as the "first beautiful jade" in Chinese history. After Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, he ordered the chancellor Li Si to carve a jade seal. Li Si used Heshi Bi as a raw material to cast a "National Jade Seal" for Qin Shi Huang, and the seal of this jade seal was written with eight words "Ordered by Heaven both Shou Yongchang" on the seal, meaning: "I am the emperor appointed by heaven, so I must have a long life and eternal prosperity of the country."
Since the birth of the Chuanguo Jade Seal, it has become a certificate for successive emperors to prove that they are orthodox emperors, and has been regarded as a rare treasure by successive emperors and carefully collected. With this Chuanguo Jade Seal, you can prove to the people of the world that he is an emperor who is "ordained by heaven", and if any emperor does not get or lose the Chuanguo Jade Seal, he will be ridiculed by the people as a "whiteboard emperor" or indicate that his qi has run out.
The Chuanguo Jade Seal has been regarded as a treasure in all dynasties and dynasties, and it is precisely because of its special symbolic significance that in the past 2,000 years, this Chuanguo Jade Seal has appeared on the land of Shenzhou, sometimes disappearing, and sometimes suddenly appearing, bringing people infinite loss and surprise.
Legend has it that when Qin Shi Huang was swimming in Dongting Lake in a dragon boat, suddenly the fierce wind suddenly rose, and the dragon boat looked like it was about to be subverted. At the critical moment, Qin Shi Huang immediately ordered people to throw the Chuanguo Jade Seal into the lake and pray to the gods to calm the waves. Unexpectedly, after Yuxi was thrown into the lake, the wind and waves immediately stopped. After going ashore, Qin Shi Huang ordered people to salvage the Chuanguo Jade Seal, but the migrant workers turned Dongting Lake upside down and did not find any trace of the Chuanguo Jade Seal. Eight years later, a Huayin man presented the Chuanguo Jade Seal to Qin Shi Huang again, and the Chuanguo Jade Seal reappeared in the world.
When Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, the Chuanguo Jade Seal was in the hands of the Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, and in order to obtain the Chuanguo Jade Seal, he sent his cousin to lead troops into the harem and find Wang Zhengjun to ask for the Chuanguo Jade Seal. Wang Zhengjun reluctantly handed over the Chuanguo Jade Seal, and in order to show her unwillingness, she threw the Jade Seal on the ground fiercely, and the Chuanguo Jade Seal broke a horn. After Wang Mang obtained the Chuanguo Jade Seal, he ordered the craftsmen to fill in the missing corners of the Jade Seal with gold, and at this point, the Chuanguo Jade Seal had a clear mark.
For more than a thousand years, the Chuanguo Jade Seal was hidden in the palace with the change of dynasties, and few people could get a glimpse of Fangrong. In the first year of Jing Kang, the Jin soldiers broke through the Liang, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were plundered by the Jin soldiers, and the Chuanguo Jade Seal was also plundered by the Jin Soldiers, and the Chuanguo Jade Seal lost its tracks.
In 1294 AD, after disappearing for more than 170 years, the Chuanguo Jade Seal suddenly appeared in the Yuan Capital, and the Yuan Dynasty Prime Minister Bo Yan spent a lot of money to buy the Chuanguo Jade Seal. Legend has it that he ordered people to divide the imperial jade seal into several parts and distribute it to his family and cronies to make a private seal. However, the people of later generations did not agree with this statement, they believed that it was a trick created by Bo Yan, and the real Chuanguo Jade Seal had always been in Bo Yan's hands.
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he sent Xu Da to eliminate the Yuan soldiers in the north of the desert, the purpose of which was to demand the imperial jade seal. Even so, Xu Da was unable to bring back the Chuanguo Jade Seal. During the 276 years of the Ming Dynasty, the Chuanguo Jade Seal was in a state of disconnection.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Chuanguo Jade Seal suddenly appeared in the hands of Emperor Taiji. Legend has it that the Mongols presented the Imperial Jade Seal to Emperor Taiji in order to intermarry. Later, this imperial jade seal was stored in the Imperial Palace of Shenyang until 1924, when the last emperor Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City, and the imperial jade seal in the Imperial Palace of Shenyang was once again lost.
The crown of Kyushu
The Ding of Kyushu is the legendary "Zhenguo Artifact", and its symbolic significance is far greater than that of Qin Shi Huang's chuanguo jade seal.
Sima Qian described the Ding of Kyushu in the Chronicle of History as follows:
Yu collects the gold of the Nine Mu and casts the Nine Dings. All taste the gods and ghosts of the gods. Sheng Zexing moved to Xia Shang. Zhou De declined, Song Zhishe died, Ding Nai fell and disappeared.
The Ding of Kyushu is the nine divine dings cast by people after dayu unified Kyushu, he carved the famous mountains and rivers and rare foreign objects of Kyushu on the Jiuding in the form of patterns, each ding represents a state, and the Jiuding represents the Nine States of China, indicating that the Xia Dynasty has unified China and formed the royal power. As a result, "Kyushu" has also become synonymous with China.
The Ding of Kyushu has been passed down through the Three Dynasties of Xia, Shang and Wednesday, and is the embodiment of dynastic orthodoxy, and who owned the Ding of Kyushu at that time represented who ruled China. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Zhou Ceremony fell apart, the princes became kings, and the ding of Kyushu was stored in Luoyi, which had become an ornament and only a symbol.
After Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, he ordered people to transport the Ding of Kyushu to Xianyang. The Qin army in charge of the transport loaded the Kyushu Ding to the ship, and on the way to Quanyang via Weishui, the Kyushu Ding fell into the Weishui water and lost its track. At this point, the peak of Kyushu faded out of people's sight.
The fall of the Kyushu Toushui is just a legend, whether it really fell into the Wei River, or was hidden by Qin Shi Huang, there is no way to verify. However, one thing is still relatively clear, that is, after the disappearance of the Ding of Kyushu, Qin Shi Huang replaced it with the Chuanguo Jade Seal, which became the representative of "orthodoxy" for thousands of years to come.
Orchid Pavilion Prologue
The Orchid Pavilion Preface is a calligraphy work written by The Book Saint Wang Xizhi after he was drunk, and this xingshu work is known as the "Stroke of Heaven", which embodies the highest realm of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and is called "the first line of the book under the heavens". Even Wang Xizhi himself believed that the Orchid Pavilion Preface was his masterpiece, and he could no longer write works beyond it, and passed it on to the descendants of the Wang clan as a "treasure of the world".
The "Orchid Pavilion Preface" was passed down for 7 generations in Wang Xizhi's family, and by the time of Wang Xizhi's 7th generation of descendants, this descendant of Wang Xizhi saw through the red dust and became a monk at Yunshan Temple. Even if he became a monk, he did not lose the "Orchid Pavilion Preface", which became a "signboard" of Yunshan Temple. After Tang Taizong Li Shimin heard the news that the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" was in Yunshan Temple, he immediately sent someone to the Yunshan Temple to "borrow" it, and deceived Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" into his hands.
The "Orchid Pavilion Preface" is Li Shimin's beloved object, and when Li Shimin was alive, he took out the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" almost as soon as he had time to observe. Legend has it that before Li Shimin died, he specifically instructed him to treat the Orchid Pavilion Preface as his own funeral product and accompany him.
There is a record of the whereabouts of the Orchid Pavilion Preface in the Sui and Tang Dynasties:
Wang Youjun's "Orchid Pavilion Preface", Liang Chaos, out of the country. Chen Tianjiazhong was obtained by the monks. After the death of Guoshi, the disciples and monks were able to argue with him. Emperor Taizong was the queen of Qin, and it was a surprise to see Tuoben, which was the book of the king of the expensive city, and the Lanting would not be completed. Knowing that in the place of debate, Xiao Yiyue Yuezhou sought it, and entered the Qin Mansion with WuDe for four years. Ten years of chastity, is the expansion of the ten books to give to the close subjects. Emperor Beng, Zhongshu Ling Chu Suiliang played: "'Lan Ting', the weight of the former emperor, can not be left." 'It is secreted in Zhaoling.'
If the historical records are accurate, Li Zhi is weak in nature, and If Li Shimin names the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" to accompany the burial, Li Zhi will not go against his father's wishes, and the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" should be brought into the Zhaoling Tomb by Li Shimin.
If this "First Book of the World" "Lanting Preface" is really in the Zhao Mausoleum of Tang Taizong Li Shimin, then the "Lanting Preface" should have been stolen or destroyed by tomb thieves. In the last years of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Tao, a famous official thief in history, dug up all the tombs of the Tang Emperor (except for Wu Zetian's Qianling), and the first to bear the brunt was Li Shimin's Zhaoling. If the Orchid Pavilion Preface was really in Zhaoling, it was likely to have been stolen or destroyed by Wen Tao.
The Nine Dragon Sword
The Nine Dragon Sword was the Qianlong Emperor's favorite sword when he was alive, the sword body of this sword was about five feet long, the handle was extremely long, and the sheath of the sword was carved with nine flying golden dragons, which had the meaning of the honor of nine and five, so people called it the "Nine Dragon Sword".
The Nine Dragon Sword is a sword that was once used by Gardan, the leader of the Dzungar clan found in Ili, when Ezei and Turdu's uncles and nephews quelled the rebellion of Da and Zhuo. After returning to the dynasty, taking the opportunity of accepting Qianlong's gift, the uncles and nephews presented the Nine Dragon Sword to Qianlong, Who liked the Nine Dragon Sword very much, and he regarded the Nine Dragon Sword as a symbol of his achievements in quelling the Dzungar and Hezhuo rebellion, and usually took it out to admire and dance.
Before qianlong died, he specially instructed his son Jiaqing to name the Nine Dragon Sword as his funeral offering.
In 1928, Sun Dianying excavated the Cixi Mausoleum and the Qianlong Mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty, and stole more than 20 trucks of treasures from the two mausoleums. A month later, Sun Dianying's theft of the Qing Dynasty's Tanglin Incident continued to ferment after being reported by the media, and in order to calm the disaster, Sun Dianying gave the Nine Dragon Sword to Dai Kasa.
After Dai Kasa got the Nine Dragon Sword, he did not keep it by his side, and he gave the Nine Dragon Sword to his most trusted subordinate, Ma Hansan, the station chief of the Beiping Station of the Military Command, for safekeeping. Later, Ma Hansan rebelled and gave the Nine Dragon Sword to the Japanese, and the Nine Dragon Sword fell into the hands of the famous spy Yoshiko Kawashima. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Dai Kasa personally interrogated Yoshiko Kawashima, only to learn that Ma Hansan had given the Nine Dragon Sword to the Japanese, and the Nine Dragon Sword once again returned to Dai Kasa's hand.
On March 17, 1946, when Dai Kasa returned to Nanjing from Qingdao by plane from Qingdao to Nanjing, the plane crashed into Jiangning Dai Mountain, and the fire burned Dai Kasa's body and the Kowloon sword. Later, shen drunk, a secret agent of the military command, recovered the remains of the Kowloon sword from nearby farmers, and at this time, the scabbard of the Kowloon sword had been burned out, and the handle of the sword was burned beyond recognition, leaving only a mottled sword body.
Since the Nine Dragon Sword was Dai Kasa's beloved object during his lifetime, Shen Drunk deliberately put the remnants of the Kowloon Sword into Dai Kasa's coffin when Dai Kasa was buried. In 1951, dai kasa's tomb was destroyed by angry people, and when people opened Dai Kasa's coffin, they found that it contained Dai Kasa's body, a pistol that had been burned and deformed, and a rusty iron sheet. It is said that these items were thrown into a nearby pond by angry people, and Dai Kasa's coffin was taken home by ordinary people to make a toilet. Perhaps, the Nine Dragon Sword was still buried somewhere underground, or perhaps it had already incarnated into a touch of spring mud in the Purple Mountain.
epilogue
The above 4 national treasures that disappeared in the long river of history, whether it is historical value or cultural value is immeasurable, if anyone can find these four national treasures, he can immediately be on the rich list.
In fact, every person and every cultural relic is a grain of sand in the long river of history, and he occasionally surfaces and occasionally sinks to the bottom. Some national treasures, which are thought to have disappeared in the long river of history, are likely to be in some corner, quietly waiting for people to discover. Perhaps, one day in the future, the above four national treasures will reappear in the human world, bringing unexpected surprises to people.