Xing Huina, deputy director of the Information Bureau of the Information Office of the State Council and press spokesperson:
Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good morning! Welcome to the press conference of the Information Office of the State Council.
Today, the Information Office of the State Council released the "2021 China Aerospace" white paper, and held a press conference at the same time to introduce and interpret the main contents of the white paper.
The white paper deeply implements Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, introduces the practical achievements of China's aerospace industry in achieving innovative leapfrog development, promoting the modernization of space governance, and actively carrying out international space exchanges and cooperation since 2016, expounds China's policy concepts and initiatives for deepening international exchanges and cooperation in space and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of outer space, and looks forward to the vision of China's aerospace industry in the next five years to start a new journey of comprehensively building a space power and building a new pattern of international cooperation in space.
The white paper is divided into three parts, with a full text of about 13,000 words. The main text includes six parts, namely: to start a new journey of comprehensively building a space power, to develop space technology and systems, to cultivate and expand the space application industry, to carry out space science exploration and research, to promote the modernization of space governance, and to build a new pattern of international cooperation in space. The white paper is published in 8 languages, including Chinese, English, French, Russian, German, Spanish, Arabic and Japanese, published by the People's Publishing House and the Foreign Language Publishing House, and distributed in Xinhua Bookstores nationwide.
In order to help you understand the content of the white paper more accurately and more deeply, at today's press conference, we invited Mr. Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the China National Space Administration, Mr. Xu Hongliang, press spokesman, Mr. Liu Jizhong, director of the Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering Center, and Mr. Zhao Jian, director of the Earth Observation and Data Center, to attend the press conference, introduce the relevant contents of the white paper to everyone, and answer your questions.
Next, we will first give the floor to Mr. Wu Yanhua for a briefing.
Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the China National Space Administration:
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! It is a great pleasure to meet you and thank you for your concern and support for China's aerospace industry! Today, we are here to release the fifth white paper on spaceflight , "2021 China's Aerospace", with the purpose of enhancing everyone's understanding of China's space development and talking about the bright prospects for cooperation. In the past five years, Chang'e Moon, Beidou Guiding, Zhu Rong Exploring Fire, Xihe Day by Day, Tianhe Traveling Stars, "Wukong" and "Wise Eye" have explored the mysteries of the universe, and China's aerospace industry has forged ahead, created new achievements and achieved new leaps and bounds.
These five years have been the five years of China's aerospace innovation and development. Carrier rockets to accelerate the upgrading, a new generation of non-toxic and non-polluting carrier rockets represented by the Long March 5 have been put into use, commercial carrier rockets continue to emerge, the formation of land, sea diversified launch capabilities, in the past five years, a total of 207 launches, the Long March carrier rocket launch success rate of 96.7%. Major aerospace projects are full of highlights. The construction of the Chinese space station was fully implemented, and 6 astronauts were stationed successively, opening the era of long-term residence of people. The lunar exploration project "orbiting, falling, and returning" was successfully concluded, Chang'e 4 landed on the back of the moon for the first time to inspect the probe, and Chang'e 5 brought back 1731 grams of lunar soil. Tianwen-1 realized the leap of China's spacecraft from the Earth-Moon system to interplanetary exploration, leaving a Chinese imprint on Mars for the first time. Space infrastructure has been continuously improved, the Beidou global satellite navigation system has been completed and opened, and the high-resolution Earth observation system has formed a system capability.
These five years are the five years of China's aerospace empowerment society. At present, there are more than 500 satellites in orbit, which serve economic and social development extensively, and play an important role in the construction of safe China, beautiful China and digital China. Communication satellites provide distance education, telemedicine, rural e-commerce and other services for more than 140 million families in rural and remote areas, helping to alleviate poverty and revitalize rural areas. The cumulative distribution of remote sensing satellite images has exceeded 100 million views, which effectively guarantees the needs of meteorological forecasting, land planning, ecological protection, marine economy, and disaster emergency response. The Beidou system is widely used in mass travel, smart logistics, and precision agriculture, especially to provide accurate positioning and navigation services for the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. Aerospace technology has promoted the development of a large number of emerging industries such as new energy and new materials, and promoted the rise of new formats such as smart cities and unmanned driving. Commercial space enterprises are booming.
These five years have been the five years of breakthroughs in China's space exploration. Focusing on scientific themes such as the origin and evolution of the universe and the relationship between the solar system and mankind, relying on space science satellites and lunar exploration, Mars exploration, manned spaceflight and other projects, space science exploration and experimental research have been carried out, and a number of original achievements contributing to mankind have been achieved. "Wise Eye" successfully observed the explosion of black holes, "Wukong" obtained the fine structure of cosmic ray energy spectrum, "Zhang Heng No. 1" completed the construction of the global geomagnetic field reference model, and carbon satellites obtained global high-precision carbon dioxide distribution maps. The lunar exploration mission revealed the subsurface structure on the far side of the moon, confirming that magmatic activity still existed on the moon 2 billion years ago. The "Lyra-1", "Taiji-1" and "Xihe" satellites provide new means for space gravitational waves and solar physics research.
These five years have been five years of China's space cooperation and sharing. China Aerospace has worked with international counterparts to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, jointly promote space technology for sustainable development, and sign about 50 new cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding. China and Russia jointly launched the International Lunar Research Station program, carried out extensive international cooperation in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration engineering, Mars exploration and other missions, signed the BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation Agreement, successfully launched the Sino-French maritime satellite and the Sino-Italian electromagnetic satellite, and promoted the Beidou standard into the standard system of civil aviation, maritime and other international organizations. The data of Gaofen No. 1 and No. 6 satellites are distributed to the world free of charge through the cloud platform, visiting 158 countries and regions, and accessing about 550,000 users. China's 5 satellites and 3 constellations have newly joined the International Charter for Disaster Reduction Mechanism, and meteorological satellite data has been applied to 121 countries and regions. Through facility construction, talent training, data application and other means, we will support the space capacity building of the vast number of developing countries and share the achievements of China's space development.
In the next five years, China Aerospace will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, follow the principles of innovation-led, collaborative and efficient, peaceful development, cooperation and sharing, anchor the goal of building a space power, take the high-quality development of space as the theme, promote the comprehensive development of space science, space technology and space applications, and make positive contributions to building a socialist modern power and promoting peace and development of mankind.
First, innovation promotes the implementation of major projects. We will build the Chinese space station and high-resolution Earth observation system, implement new major projects such as lunar exploration phase IV and planetary exploration, promote the development of heavy carrier rockets, build a near-Earth asteroid impact risk response system, cultivate key projects such as marginal exploration of the solar system, promote the spectral development of carrier rocket types, continue to improve national space infrastructure, and improve the ability of space environment governance system.
The second is to cultivate and expand the space application industry. Promote the deep integration of space applications and the digital economy, enrich application scenarios, innovate business models, and deepen the comprehensive application of communication, navigation, and remote sensing information. Accelerate the transfer and transformation of aerospace technology achievements to the economy and society, and cultivate and develop new space economy formats such as space tourism, space biopharmaceuticals, and space breeding.
The third is to make overall plans for the exploration of space science. Systematically promote the development of key areas such as space astronomy, space physics, lunar and planetary science, and space earth science, develop space science satellites such as space gravitational wave detection, Einstein probe, and advanced space-based solar observatory, and use platforms such as space stations and lunar and deep space probes to continue to carry out cutting-edge scientific exploration and basic research, and produce more original scientific achievements.
The fourth is to create a good environment for the development of spaceflight. Improve the innovation system of deep integration of production, education and research, and strengthen the basic capabilities of the aerospace industry. Formulate regulations on satellite frequency orbit resource management, Beidou satellite navigation, etc., issue guidelines for the development of commercial space, and promote the construction of rule of law space. Build a high-level aerospace talent team, and accelerate the construction of the world's important talent center and innovation highland in the aerospace field. Carry out aerospace science popularization education and cultural construction, vigorously carry forward the spirit of spaceflight, and create an atmosphere in which the whole society advocates science, explores the unknown, and has the courage to innovate.
The fifth is to expand the depth and breadth of international cooperation. China Aerospace actively participates in the global governance of outer space, and contributes Chinese solutions and Chinese wisdom in the fields of near-Earth small object monitoring and response, planetary protection, and space traffic management. Launch the construction of the International Lunar Research Station, implement the BRICS Agreement on Cooperation in Remote Sensing Satellite Constellations, promote the global application of space information services, and carry out more extensive and more mutually beneficial international cooperation in the fields of lunar exploration, space station, planetary exploration, and Beidou navigation.
The peaceful exploration and use of outer space is the common dream of all mankind. Looking up at the stars, making unremitting explorations, working together to advance steadily and far, China is willing to work with the international community to accelerate the development of high-quality, sustainable and well-being space undertakings, and make new pioneering contributions to promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and promoting the progress and peaceful development of human civilization.
Thank you. Next, my colleagues and I would like to answer your questions.
Xing Huina:
Thank you Mr. Wu Yanhua for your introduction, everyone has been very enthusiastic to raise their hands to ask questions.
CCTV reporter:
Mr. Wu Yanhua, in the process you just introduced, we feel that the achievements of China's aerospace in the past are obvious to all, and in the future, especially during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, what other bright spots are worth looking forward to? Thank you.
Wu Yanhua:
Thank you for your question. The "13th Five-Year Plan" china's aerospace industry is full of highlights and fruitful results. According to the 14th Five-Year Plan, the task is also extremely arduous. If you put it simply, there should be several categories:
The first category is that we must complete the completion and operation of major national projects that have begun to be implemented ten years ago, including manned space engineering, Beidou project, high-resolution Earth observation system, and also include scientific analysis of scientific research data and lunar soil that should be used to "orbit, fall and return" of lunar exploration projects.
The second category is that in accordance with the national plan, the mainland should launch a number of new major aerospace projects, including the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project and the planetary exploration project, and we must also demonstrate the implementation of a number of major projects such as heavy carrier rockets, which will be implemented successively after approval.
The third category is that we should promote the integrated and coordinated development of space technology and space applications, especially to coordinate the construction of space infrastructure, including three types of satellites (communications, navigation, remote sensing), form a sound space infrastructure, promote satellite applications, widely serve economic and social development, and serve the whole world.
The fourth category is that we will plan space science exploration as a whole and launch a number of scientifically demonstrated satellites. At the same time, we must make good use of the space station, lunar exploration and planetary exploration platforms, carry out in-depth scientific research, and strive for original scientific discoveries and contribute to mankind.
The last one is to further deepen the open cooperation with international counterparts, whether it is major projects, or other aspects, satellite development, satellite applications, space science, including the education and training of college, middle and primary school students, we welcome all international counterparts and China Aerospace to carry out multi-modal, in-depth and multi-dimensional cooperation. Thank you.
CCTV Reporter:
According to the introduction just now, we have also learned that China has made many important achievements in the field of aerospace in the past five years. Can you please do a simple combing, in addition to what other key development directions in the future? Thank you.
Liu Jizhong, director of the Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering Center of the China National Space Administration:
Let me answer that question. In the past five years, through lunar exploration projects, including "Tianwen-1"; and space science engineering tasks, such as "Wukong" and "Mozi". Through the implementation of these projects, it has played a very great role in promoting and driving space science. There are mainly the following aspects: First, in terms of historical evolution, we have made a new understanding of the evolutionary history of the moon, especially in terms of geology, through the study of the shallow structure of the moon. Through the analysis and study of the lunar samples of Chang'e 5 in the early stage, we deduced the timeline of lunar geological activity from the original 3 billion years to 2 billion years, that is to say, the moon is about 1 billion years younger. These understandings of the Moon, including the evolution of the Moon's topography, play a key role. Second, from the perspective of material energy, through preliminary research, we have discovered new types of deep lunar matter, and also discovered the fine structure of the cosmic ray energy spectrum that has been relatively accurate so far. Third, from the perspective of the space environment, through several years of scientific research, there is a new understanding of the radiation dose of lunar particles and new values. The lunar micromagnetic layer was also discovered, which established a new model and mechanism for the interaction between the solar wind and the moon. At the same time, through observations of the Earth from space, we have also gained a new understanding of the entire active evolution of the Earth's plasma layer.
Of course, there are many scientific achievements. While achieving these results, we have established a number of scientific research facilities around scientific research. This lays a very good foundation for future scientific research, as well as scientific cooperation with international counterparts. Through the implementation of these projects, scientific research has been deepened. According to statistics, more than a hundred colleges and universities have established disciplines related to the field of space science, and there are also many international students. This is very important for the talent pool for future space science research.
The progress of science is very important to the development of human civilization, and China's subsequent deep space exploration activities will not stop. We will focus on the universe, the solar system and its planetary evolution, as well as the impact of solar activity on the earth, through the follow-up lunar exploration project Phase IV, planetary exploration project, space station operation and follow-up space science special satellite missions, such as space astronomy, space physics exploration, etc. Through the implementation of these tasks and cooperation with our counterparts in various countries, we will certainly play an important role in promoting the development of space science and the development of mankind. Thank you!
Southern Metropolis Daily reporter:
We know that the development of China's aerospace industry is inseparable from the support of innovative scientific and technological talents, what measures do we have to cultivate and attract innovative scientific and technological talents?
Xu Hongliang, spokesman for the China National Space Administration:
Thank you for your question. After more than 60 years of development, China's aerospace industry has made a series of achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, and has also accumulated a profound and broad aerospace spirit, especially the cultivation of a group of particularly outstanding talents. China Aerospace has always given prominence to the criteria for selecting and employing personnel, including politics, conduct, ability, work style, and integrity, and has cultivated a contingent of aerospace talents with firm ideals and convictions, high patriotic enthusiasm, strong responsibility, and good spiritual outlook. For example, as we have just talked about, the "Chang'e Team", "Tianwen Team", "Shenzhou Team" and "Beidou Team", the average age is between 30-40 years old. Of course, the development of any career is inseparable from talents, and the development of the aerospace industry needs to introduce more new forces to join. Therefore, at the Central Talent Work Conference at the end of last year, General Secretary Xi Jinping also issued a call for "building a talent power strategy in the new era", so we must also actively implement this great call and formulate relevant planning and encouragement policies.
In terms of talent development, we have taken a series of initiatives. First, through the traction of major projects, we will continuously strengthen the cultivation of strategic scientists, scientific and technological leaders, young scientific and technological workers and innovative teams, including craftsmen in big countries. Second, strengthen the talent exchange mechanism, and constantly standardize and guide the exchange of talents. Third, strengthen the incentive mechanism. With the development of economy and society, the state's support for scientific and technological talents is also increasing. For example, some social organizations, enterprises, etc. have set up some awards, including the "Qian Xuesen Highest Achievement Award" and the "Aerospace Contribution Award", which have played a very good incentive role. Fourth, strengthen discipline construction and reserve personnel training. Just now, Director Liu also introduced that like the construction of some related disciplines we have carried out in space science, we have continuously cultivated talents for the aerospace industry of the motherland through the joint construction of universities and disciplines. Fifth, extensive international exchanges and cooperation should be carried out. In particular, it is necessary to cultivate talents for some developing countries. For example, in response to the call of the United Nations, we have set up regional centers in space education, cultivating many space talents for developing countries and providing assistance for the development of these countries. Thank you.
Phoenix TV reporter:
In October last year, China successfully launched the solar exploration science and technology experimental satellite "Xihe", and we entered the era of solar exploration. What about the feedback data of the "Xihe" task so far? What are China's future solar exploration plans? Thank you.
Zhao Jian, Director of the Earth Observation and Data Center of the China National Space Administration:
Thank you for your question. First of all, I would like to give you a brief introduction to the "Xihe" satellite. The Xihe satellite is the first scientific and technological experimental satellite for solar exploration on the mainland. The successful launch at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on October 14 last year marked that the mainland had officially entered the era of space exploration, which was of great significance. General Secretary Xi Jinping mentioned "Xihe Day by Day" in this year's New Year's message, and the satellite has also received widespread attention.
After more than three months of in-orbit tests and experiments, this satellite has completed more than 40 technical verifications of the satellite platform, and has conducted more than 290 exploration and imaging of the sun. This satellite will continue to perform relevant scientific experimental missions in orbit and spend the Spring Festival with us.
At present, the "Xihe" satellite has achieved a series of technical and scientific experimental results. This year, the China National Space Administration will choose the opportunity to officially release. Some of the main developments so far will be briefly introduced to you.
First, the ultra-high pointing accuracy and ultra-high stability technology of the new high-precision satellite platform were verified in orbit, and the pointing accuracy and stability accuracy of this satellite were improved by two orders of magnitude compared with the traditional inertia satellite platform.
Second, in terms of solar science detection, this is the first time in the world that the spectral image of the H-α line of the sun and the H-α band of the full-day surface has been obtained in orbit. What are the Sun H-α Spectral Lines? The H-α line of the Sun is the spectral line produced by the electron energy level transition after the interaction of photons with hydrogen atoms, which is the most intense response line during the solar burst, which can directly reflect the characteristics of the outbreak. Previously, H-α lines could only be detected on Earth for human observations of the Sun, but due to atmospheric disturbances, this data was discontinuous and unstable. Now through satellites in orbit to detect, you can remove these unstable factors, high-resolution observation and imaging of the sun, you can more accurately obtain the changes in atmospheric temperature, speed and other physical quantities of the solar burst, and then establish a complete physical model of the energy accumulation, release and transmission of the solar burst from the photosphere to the corona, provide key data for the study of the dynamic process and physical mechanism of the solar burst, and is expected to obtain scientific output with international influence.
The "Xihe" landing on the sky to explore the day is following the successful realization of the lunar sampling return by the "Chang'e 5" and the successful realization of the "orbiting, falling, and patrolling" exploration of Mars by the "Tianwen-1", and within one year, the exploration of the earth, planets and stars in the solar system has achieved full coverage, playing the "trio" of deep space exploration, and contributing wisdom and strength to the construction of a space power. Regarding the future solar exploration plan of the mainland, scientists are currently carrying out relevant demonstration studies, which will enable us to further understand the structure of the sun, determine the characteristics of solar activity, grasp its mechanism and activity law, better predict space weather, and benefit mankind. Thank you.
Beijing Youth Daily reporter:
This white paper is the fifth space white paper released by the Chinese government. What are the characteristics and highlights of "2021 China's Aerospace" compared with the first four, can you introduce it? Thank you.
Xu Hongliang:
Thank you for your question. As you said, this is the fifth space white paper on the mainland. From a structural point of view, this white paper takes the construction of a space power as the main line, systematically introduces the purpose principles, policy measures and international cooperation ideas for starting a new journey of comprehensively building a space power, and summarizes our achievements in space science, space technology and space applications in the past five years from 11 aspects, and focuses on the development of the next five years. In terms of specific content, there are three characteristics:
First, it fully embodies the concept of high-quality development. China has been committed to the modernization of space governance, actively formulating relevant policies and measures, giving full play to the role of the promising government and the effective market, creating a good development environment, and promoting the high-quality development of the space industry. From the perspective of innovation-driven, through the implementation of major scientific and technological projects, we will lead innovation beyond development and continuously optimize the innovation ecology. In terms of basic capabilities, we continue to improve the structure of "three businesses and one public", optimize the industrial layout, and accelerate the integration of industrialization and informatization. In terms of development model, we encourage and support the development of commercial aerospace enterprises, continuously optimize the layout of commercial aerospace in our industrial chain, and accelerate the low-cost and high-efficiency development of aerospace. In terms of governance capabilities, we will accelerate the legislation of the Space Law, formulate relevant policies and regulations, and promote the construction of the rule of law in space. In terms of talent training, we implement the spirit of the Central Talent Work Conference, improve the talent training, exchange and reward mechanism, and cultivate the fertile soil for talent development. In terms of cultural construction, we have strengthened the dissemination of aerospace science, carried forward the spirit of aerospace, strengthened cultural construction, and improved the scientific literacy of the whole people.
Second, support the country's major strategic needs. As we all know, building a safe China, a healthy China, a beautiful China, and a digital China has become an important part of building a socialist modern power. China Aerospace has also been supporting the national strategic development and continuously improving the efficiency of development benefits. On the one hand, strengthen the deep integration of satellite applications and the development of industry regions, strengthen the deep integration of information technologies such as spatial information and big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and expand the application of satellite public welfare services. On the other hand, we must increase the transformation of aerospace achievements and technology transfer, provide more high-quality and more convenient services for all fields of the national economy and public life, continuously expand the scale of our space economy, and contribute to our construction of a scientific and technological power, a transportation power, a manufacturing power, and a network power.
Third, highlight the positive attitude of openness and cooperation. This white paper proposes for the first time that we should promote the joint construction of a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of outer space and carry out extensive international exchanges and cooperation in a more active and open attitude. First, in the past, it was mainly loaded, and the next step was to extend to the task planning. The second is to upgrade from stand-alone product cooperation to joint development and upgrading of complex systems. The third is to expand from the application of a single typical scene to the comprehensive application of multiple fields, so that space activities can better benefit all mankind and promote the civilization progress of human society.
This is my answer, thank you.
Secretary-General Hong Liang just said it is still very comprehensive, and I would like to add it briefly. First, our major aerospace projects are at a turning point. Because China's aerospace advocates long-term planning, a blueprint is drawn to the end. Just now I also introduced the last batch of major projects 15 years ago, which basically reached the end of the finale and the normal operation and application stage. The Chinese government is planning to implement new major projects and major tasks in the next 15 years. Second, we also said in the white paper that space science, space technology, and space applications should develop in an all-round way, which is figuratively called "one body and two wings" development. In the past, China's aerospace industry paid more attention to the promotion of space technology, and in the new era, we emphasized the new discoveries in space applications and space science research to lead technological innovation, that is, the "two wings" should fly up and promote sustainable development. Third, we should be more open to international cooperation and cooperate with international partners and international counterparts at a higher level and on larger projects. For example, we and Russia are going to jointly launch the International Lunar Research Station program, which is a very large and long-lasting international scientific cooperation project and a big plan. We welcome the participation of all interested countries, international organizations, scientists and engineers who are willing to participate. Thank you.
Xinhua News Agency:
We know that the development of space requires high investment, please ask the publisher, how to view this high investment? At the same time, please also introduce how China's aerospace industry serves economic and social development and enhances the well-being of the people? Thank you.
Zhao Jian:
Thank you for your question. The space industry is the common cause of mankind. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out on the first "China Space Day" that "exploring the vast universe, developing the space industry, and building a space power are the space dreams we unremittingly pursue." Aerospace is an important embodiment of a country's comprehensive development level of science and technology, and the development of aerospace should be "broad and subtle", not only to promote the leapfrog development of space science and space technology, but also to transform the achievements of scientific and technological innovation into a driving force for promoting economic and social development.
First of all, the mainland attaches great importance to the development of aerospace, and the people of the whole country have also given great support to the development of aerospace. The development of spaceflight really requires high investment. However, the benefits of spaceflight and its applications are even greater. According to preliminary statistics, the input-output ratio of more than 1:10 can be reached. The application of new aerospace technologies has brought about great changes in industrial development, and the transformation of aerospace technology achievements on the development of the national economy is very obvious, promoting the development of intelligent transportation, new energy and new materials, and playing an important role in supporting the comprehensive construction of a well-off society. Therefore, the high input of aerospace can bring high output, and the overall benefit is very obvious.
Secondly, aerospace applications have been widely used in land and resources surveys, environmental protection, agricultural development, forest and grassland monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, meteorological forecasting, marine development, transportation, education and medical care, urban and rural construction and other economic and social fields, the application of new technologies derived from it has also entered thousands of households, and the people can also experience the beautiful life created by aerospace science and technology. For example, communication and broadcasting satellites can open global mobile communications, live radio and television broadcasts and provide high-speed broadband Internet access for the people, which greatly facilitates people's digital life in the information age; satellite navigation and positioning has become an indispensable assistant in people's daily lives, which greatly facilitates people's transportation and travel, changes people's production and lifestyle; meteorological satellites can provide accurate weather forecasts for the world and specific regions, and provide warm and thoughtful meteorological guarantees for people's food, clothing, housing, and transportation.
As another example, satellites have been more effective in disaster prevention and mitigation. The high-definition cloud map of typhoon observation produced by Gaofen satellite can clearly observe the structure of the typhoon eye and the law of movement change, and there is no under-reporting of typhoons generated by the world throughout the year, which greatly reduces the cost of disaster prevention and mitigation, and the economic and social benefits are very significant. In addition, the high-resolution series of satellites has also played a very important role in preventing forest fires and responding to flood disasters. Some time ago, there was a volcanic eruption in Tonga, and the China National Space Administration urgently launched the Earth observation satellite system, mobilized more than ten satellites to conduct high-frequency observations, and provided relevant image data to international organizations in a timely manner to contribute to China's strength.
Third, the development of aerospace not only promotes the rapid formation of the aerospace industry chain, but also empowers traditional industries, promotes industrial upgrading and efficiency. As we all know, the aerospace industry is a collection of high complexity and scale, which will effectively promote the development of the entire industrial chain. From a worldwide perspective, the aerospace industry, which has a solid foundation, is becoming a fertile ground for commercial aerospace development, a highland for talents in multiple fields, and a bridgehead for the integration and innovation of new technologies. At present, the radiation driving role of aerospace technology is increasingly improved, the development momentum of related industries is good, and the intensive and explosive growth of industry applications has gradually formed in the development mode. Form a new development pattern such as the radiation development of central enterprise groups to the local areas, the local governments encourage the gathering and development of characteristic enterprises, and the participation of advantageous private capital in specialized investment. Through commercial development, it will form a synergy with government investment to further improve the efficiency of space development.
We believe that space development will continue to improve the well-being of the people and effectively promote the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The further development and utilization of space technology will also help us jointly protect this blue planet and benefit the people. Thank you!
Cover Reporter:
It is reported that at present, the state has approved the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project, including the Chang'e 6, Chang'e 7 and Chang'e 8 missions, which will be implemented in the next ten years. Thank you.
Liu Jizhong:
Thank you. Since the implementation of the lunar exploration project in 2004, by 2020, the "Chang'e 5" will return to the earth with lunar samples, and successfully completed the "orbit, fall and return" target tasks of the first, second and third phases of the lunar exploration project. In fact, in accordance with the law of scientific development, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, we launched the research work on the follow-up tasks of the lunar exploration project. After planning, the fourth phase of the lunar exploration included four missions.
The first mission, we have already launched the "Chang'e 4", which everyone knows, landed on the far side of the moon and has been successfully implemented. There are three follow-up missions, one is "Chang'e 6", "Chang'e 6" to the high-value area of the moon for sampling and return, it can be said that there are new lunar soil, new samples back to the earth; "Chang'e 7" is mainly to carry out scientific exploration of the lunar polar region, especially the distribution of water on the moon; "Chang'e 8" will implement scientific exploration of the polar region and verify the key technologies for the follow-up of scientific research stations.
Throughout the fourth phase of lunar exploration, we basically have to achieve the basic goal of building a scientific research station, and at the same time lay the foundation for the subsequent construction of an international lunar research station with international cooperation. We are also in close communication and coordination with our international counterparts on these missions, and will work together to carry out relevant detections. For example, the Chang'e-7 mission has signed an agreement with Russia's luna-26 to jointly conduct exploration. According to the current overall development progress, around 2025, we will complete the relevant work of "Chang'e 6" and "Chang'e 7", and carry out the development of "Chang'e 8"; before 2030, we will complete the launch of "Chang'e 8". In summary, by 2030, we can achieve the expected results in the fourth phase of the lunar exploration. Thank you.
Time relations, the last question.
Global Times reporter:
Just now, Deputy Director Wu and Director Liu both mentioned the international lunar research station jointly built by China and Russia. Can you tell us more about the International Lunar Research Station and how it will be carried out in the future? Thank you.
Thank you. As previously reported in the media, the Chinese and Russian governments signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation on the International Lunar Research Station in March 2021, the Sino-Russian Space Agency issued a joint statement in April, and the international lunar research station roadmap and international partnership guidelines were released to the international community in June. Just now, Director Liu also introduced that the International Lunar Research Station is a concept proposed in 2016, and many countries in the world are also responding to this concept. In general, like the earth's south pole station and the north pole station, the future tends to build ground scientific research facilities at the south pole of the moon, build scientific research experimental facilities on the lunar orbit and lunar surface, and carry out multidisciplinary and multi-objective scientific research work.
First, China and Russia jointly launched the International Lunar Research Station based on their respective plans and plans. The goal of the fourth phase of China's lunar exploration project is to initially build the basic type of the international lunar research station, our "Chang'e 6", "Chang'e 7" and the corresponding tasks planned by Russia, in about five years, to complete the survey work before the construction of the station. We will spend another ten years or so to complete the construction of facilities, like building a small town, it must have an energy system, a communication and navigation system, a long-distance transportation system, a space-to-earth system, a ground support system, and if there are people in the long term, there must be a life support system. China and Russia also widely welcome the participation of international counterparts. I think these systems are future-proof, which means that by 2035, the plan should focus on these tasks. After 2035, according to the scientific expedition missions of various countries and organizations, scientific expeditions will be conducted on the moon in batches.
Second, China and Russia should sign an intergovernmental agreement. We are in intensive consultations, have basically reached a consensus, and we are expected to sign it as soon as possible this year. The space agencies of China and Russia will also officially issue a declaration on the construction of an international lunar scientific research station to the whole world, and release the construction principles and purposes of participation to the international community. In general, it is at all stages of the task or project, including the various task levels of construction, whether it is system level, sub-system level or equipment level, or scientific data sharing research level, including the heaven and earth support level, we do not set limits, build together. Or the tasks led by China and Russia are also open to cooperation, providing carrying opportunities and sharing scientific research data.
I'll just cover that. Thank you.
Due to the time constraints, today's press conference will come here first. Thank you to the four publishers, and thank you to all the media friends.
Thank you to your media friends for their concern, encouragement and support for China's aerospace industry, as well as your popularization and cultural dissemination of aerospace. Thank you!
Source China release
Editor Intern Editor Zhao Siyao
Process Editor Liu Weili