Historic Wenchang
Like a precious cultural treasure chest
It has a unique traditional atmosphere and cultural code
It is always showing to the outside world
Its own connotation and charm
And "Intangible Cultural Heritage"
It is a key to open the cultural treasure chest
Today, let's walk into the history and culture of Wenchang
Embark on a different journey of charm
Wenchang doll play
Wenchang doll play, also known as "puppet play", in 2008 was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list, is one of the opera art works with local characteristics of Hainan, it integrates literature, art, music, drama as a whole, in Hainan popular for 400 to 500 years without fading, is an immortal folk art treasure, with art, folklore and other aspects of research value.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Hainan has appeared commonly known as "doll play" hand support wood class, used for performance of dolls (idols) head of about 40 cm, carved in wood, the upper body with thicker wooden boards as the shoulders, both hands with wood carving, the lower body with a robe skirt covered, and boots, shoes instead of feet. For ease of maneuvering, wooden sticks or rattan are inserted into the body.
As an ancient traditional folk art, with the performance of the doll and the singing lyrics, the manipulator behind the doll's play often makes corresponding movements and expressions, sometimes richer and more moving than the doll, behind the scenes or in the rehearsal of the drama class without the curtain cover, you can see the puppet integration into the performance of the gods.
The stage is about a foot wide, surrounded by cloth curtains, and the performers sing behind the scenes while manipulating idols to perform in front of the curtain. Idols include more than 20 kinds of images such as birth, dan, purity, end, ugliness, Buddha, Nüwa, Sea Dragon King, Virgin, Lei Gong, Lei Po, Tiger, Fairy, etc., and their performances include gesture swinging, arching hands, stomping feet, flicking sleeves, kneeling horses, rolling over, eye rotation, mouth opening and closing, grasping hands and other more than ten kinds of programs, which can be flexibly used according to the needs of the plot. Doll opera singing voice is derived from the brother drama and Hainan local folk song tune, mainly the plate cavity, with a small number of song cards, commonly used tunes are medium plate, high cavity, Cheng Tu, small song and other more than 30 kinds, sung with eight musical instruments accompaniment, with a strong local flavor.
The South China Sea waterway is more passed
The South China Sea Waterway Is More Road Means that Hainan fishermen have passed on all kinds of knowledge and experience accumulated over thousands of years of sailing in the South China Sea and other seas, and formed a "nautical chart" that combines unique navigation elements such as "More Road Transmission" and "More Road Book" passed down orally, mainly in the eastern coastal areas of Hainan. In June 2008, the project was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage expansion project list, and Qi Jiande and Zheng Qingneng were listed as the provincial representative inheritors of the project.
Since the Han Dynasty, China has opened the "Maritime Silk Road" in the South China Sea, and the sea areas of Hainan Island and the South China Sea Zhudao are the must-pass places; in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the great development of China's trade with Persia and Arabia has made Hainan Island a midway supply station and shelter for international merchant ships; in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hainan fishermen vigorously developed fisheries and commercial exchanges in the South China Sea, the South China Sea Zhudao became a base, and the South China Sea formed a living circle for Hainan fishermen. For thousands of years, Hainan fishermen have explored safe routes in the South China Sea in frequent activities on the South China Sea Zhudao, giving birth to the "more waterways in the South China Sea".
There are two types of "More Roads in the South China Sea Waterway": one is handed down in the form of manuscripts, commonly known as the "More Road Book"; the other is passed down orally, commonly known as "More Road Transmission". "More" is the unit of ancient calculation of the voyage of the continent, one more equals 60 miles; "road" refers to the road map of navigation. The South China Sea waterway has more names such as "South China Sea Waterway Pass", "South China Sea Timing Needle Position", "Downwind Profit", "Indicating The East and North Sea More Road Book", "Going West and Nansha Waterway Book", and different names are different handwritten (or oral records) books. It is a nautical "secret book" compiled by Hainan fishermen since ancient times, and it is a must-have navigation chart for every captain, and more than ten kinds have been found so far.
"More waterways in the South China Sea" is the crystallization of the long-term accumulation of navigation experience and collective wisdom of Hainan fishermen, and is a "big book" written by Hainan fishermen with courage and life in their struggle with the sea. It records the historical facts of the discovery and development of the Xisha, Nansha, Zhongsha Islands and the "Maritime Silk Road" by fishermen in Hainan since ancient times, reflecting the creative and historical and cultural value of developing the ocean. It is also a guide to the south China Sea route, with the proverb: "With more roads, go out to the sea to race the gods", which has rich experience and superb technology, has important scientific value, and has precious historical value for the study of the history of overseas Chinese on the mainland, the history of foreign trade, and the history of the development of the South China Sea. It provides strong evidence to prove that the Xisha, Nansha and Zhongsha Islands are the earliest discovery, earliest development and earliest jurisdiction of the mainland, and that the area has always belonged to the territorial sea of the mainland.
Wenchang cuppan dance
Wenchang "CupPan Dance" was included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list in Hainan Province in 2005. It originated in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and was only performed during the "Junpo Festival" every year to commemorate Lady Xian on the 9th to 12th day of the first month of the second lunar month. The performers are divided into three roles: Shengjiao holding chopsticks to hit the porcelain plate (dish), Danjiao holding a stacked porcelain cup to hit, clown holding a color fan in his hand, and the three dancing.
The cup dance consists of a man and a woman (i.e. raw horns, dan horns) dressed as the bride and groom, and another clown, all three of whom perform together. With the cooperation of the groom, the bride holds a stacked porcelain cup in each hand, hitting up and down, dancing; the groom hits the plate with chopsticks; the clown wears a mask and holds a lupine fan, the movement is childish and witty, the atmosphere is warm, the scene is cheerful and joyful. The performance is accompanied by eight kinds of instruments such as gongs, drums, and strings, so it is also called eight-tone dance.
#文昌 Intangible Cultural Heritage #
Wenchang CupPan Dance is one of the products of the integration of island culture and Central Plains culture, and from the historical origin of its birth and the long process of inheritance and evolution, it is of practical significance for the study of the history and culture of the relevant region and the development of Chinese national culture. With its rich local atmosphere, related exquisite skills and rich dance expression, it shows its unique artistic beauty to the world.
Hainan coconut carving
In the Tang Dynasty, there were already records of Coconut Carvings in Hainan, and coconut carvings were paid tribute to the imperial court as treasures during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, winning the reputation of "Tribute from Tiannan". Since the middle of the 20th century, the art of coconut carving has been improved on the basis of inheriting the tradition. Coconut carving (Hainan coconut carving) generally goes through the process of design, material selection, cutting, carving, tire making (copper or tin, etc.), inlaying, modification or polishing, painting or gold, decoration (matching) and so on.
On July 23, 2007, the coconut carving (Hainan coconut carving) was selected into the second batch of Hainan Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List. On June 7, 2008, the coconut carving (Hainan coconut carving) was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Coconut carvings made with coconut shell precision craftsmanship are unique crafts in Hainan, because ancient officials often used it to pay tribute to the imperial court, and they were known as "Tiannan tributes". Hainan coconut carving is exquisitely skilled, the style is simple, the shape is beautiful, and the local characteristics are strong.
The carving techniques of Hainan coconut carving, such as wire carving, relief carving, inlay, skeleton carving, brown cutting, etc. Line carving, relief carving is more common, mostly on the surface of the coconut to express landscapes, characters, flowers and birds, calligraphy and other content, lacquer paste with gold color, the more simple and elegant, unique Hainan local interest. Skeleton carving and inlay craftsmanship are mostly used in more delicate and artistic coconut carving utensils, and their craftsmanship, decoration and artistry are strong, which is a more distinctive expression of Hainan coconut carving technology. There are original shells that are engraved, and there are pieces that are engraved and then inlaid.
Hainan coconut carving skills are exquisite, the color is simple and beautiful, the shape is novel, and it is rich in strong Hainan characteristics. The value of Coconut Carving in Hainan is mainly determined by its production process, the more complex the production process, the higher the value, such as the use of relief, circular carving and other complex processes of coconut carving collection value is higher.
Wenchang chicken breeding and cooking techniques
Hainan Island has four famous dishes: Wenchang chicken, Jiaji duck, Dongshan goat, and Hele crab. Wenchang chicken is the first of the four famous dishes. Since ancient times, whether it is a festival or a happy event, Wenchang chicken is indispensable. The highest etiquette for entertaining guests is the "Wenchang Chicken Feast". In Hainan, famous restaurants use Wenchang chicken as a signature dish to attract customers, which shows the charm of Wenchang chicken. The breeding and cooking skills of Wenchang chicken have been passed down from generation to generation.
Wenchang chicken breeding and cooking technology was included in the third batch of intangible cultural heritage protection list in Hainan Province in 2009. Breeding goes through four stages: breeding, hatching of chicks, stocking and cage raising, from hatching and feeding to slaughtering and cooking, the whole process is about 200 days. Breeding, to breed pure Wenchang chicken seedlings, Wenchang traditional pure chicken breeds are small, resistant to coarse materials, good heat resistance, excellent meat quality; incubation, the traditional incubation method is to use straw as a nest, select the eggs that have been bred (observed by sunshine or light, there are black shadows inside, commonly known as heads) placed in the nest, and the hens hatch for more than 20 days; Stocking, stocking in gardens, the main food is insects, grass seeds, rice, tree fruit (banyan seeds are the best); caged, chicken seedlings stocked for about 125 days after the cage.
The cage time is about 70 days. Cage breeding should be placed in a quiet and dark place, the space of the chicken coop can not be too large, can not let the chicken have too much movement, in order to promote chicken fattening, long meat. Caged chicken feed is a paste-like hot food mixed with bran, sweet potatoes, rice, peanut cake, shredded coconut, etc. When the tail of the chicken is fat, the chest is plump, the feathers are glossy, and it weighs 2-4 pounds, it can be slaughtered as a broiler. Feeding the chicken a little vinegar yellow three days before slaughter will make the chicken fragrant, soft and crispy.
Slaughter is also skilled:
The chickens are slaughtered and bloodied, plucked, defiled and washed. When slaughtering, care should be taken to have two small mouths (bloodletting and entrance). When plucking the hair, it is first scalded in boiling water and plucked in the direction of the hair. Chicken blood and offal can be cooked and eaten, do not throw away waste. After washing the chicken, lift it to dry the water droplets.
There are five traditional cooking methods: boiling, steaming, stewing, baking and frying:
Boil salt, monosodium glutamate, ginger flakes and peanut sesame oil in water. After boiling the water, put a teaspoon in the chicken belly and then throw the chicken into the boiling water to make the hot water flow smoothly in the chamber. The chicken is flipped in boiling water, so that the chicken body is heated on all sides to expand the stereotype, boiling water can not be too rolling, can be boiled while adding cold water, and the chicken from the hot water twice, pour out the water in the chamber, to keep the chicken's internal temperature consistent, and then change to a thin fire slow cooking for 8-10 minutes, after the chicken body becomes yellow orange, use chopsticks to insert it from under the chicken wings, if there is no bright red blood water out, indicating that the chicken is cooked. Then scoop up the drip water. The whole process of cooking chicken takes 30-40 minutes. White cut chicken (called Wenchang white chopped chicken) is the main traditional food method, which maintains the original taste of chicken, delicious and delicious.
Steamed now washed chicken rub an appropriate amount of fine salt, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil, in the chamber placed ginger slices, garlic paste, and then placed on the steamer rack, chicken is not directly in contact with water, pay attention to the cover of the steamer, with medium heat for about 30 minutes can be steamed, steamed muscles tender and sweet flavor.
Stew on the washed chicken rub an appropriate amount of fine salt, onion, garlic ginger and other spices, placed in porcelain slow simmering, stew without adding water, such as according to their own needs to add supplements to stew together, you can add a small amount of water. Simmer over low heat for about an hour. The stew is beneficial to yin and nourishing, and is most beneficial to pregnant women and pregnant women.
After the baking chicken is hung in water, the appropriate amount of sesame oil is rubbed on the chicken, wrapped in clean paper, and then placed in an iron pot or pottery, with salt on the top and bottom, covering the chicken body with salt, slow heating, and boiling the chicken with hot salt. Commonly known as "salt baked chicken". The salt-baked chicken takes about 40 minutes. Be careful not to use high heat to avoid scorching the chicken. Salt-baked chicken tastes sweet and warm.
Fry the chicken on a clean body with salt and ginger juice, and then put the chicken into a hot oil pan and roll it over for about 20 minutes. The fried chicken is crispy and mellow, and it is suitable for hot supplementation under wine. Eat white cut chicken pay attention to the seasoning. As the saying goes: "Lack of condiments, chicken tasteless". The condiments are salty and fragrant, and can be mixed into chicken broth with cooked peanut oil, ginger shreds, garlic paste, green onion white, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, orange juice, coriander (commonly known as chicken dish), etc.; Sour and spicy type, add chili sauce and chili juice to the above raw materials. The condiments are determined according to the fat and lean of the chicken, such as fat chicken condiments should be light, and cooked peanut oil should not be used or rarely used; The lean chicken seasoning should be thick, and more cooked peanut oil, garlic paste, and ginger should be added to increase the taste. Condiments can be appetizing and beneficial to the liver, eliminating food and warding off evil spirits, adding flavor and delicious, both hygienic and nutritious.
Wenchang chicken has excellent breeds, simple feeding and rapid breeding, and is one of the first choice projects for the development of breeding industry in this region. Wenchang chicken is suitable for and developed as a family side business, in addition to satisfying food, it can be exported to earn foreign exchange, and has certain social value and economic value.
Source: Wenchang Municipal Bureau of Tourism and Culture