Jimu news reporter Yin Jie
The day of Wuhan, change is change. Last week, the sun has been online, and the afternoon heat even reached about 15 ° C at one point, which has a feeling of "small yang spring". However, since last weekend, the rain has been long, the temperature has dropped sharply, and the "cold winter" has really come! Many parents with small babies are confused by the weather, do not know how much clothes to wear for the baby, and do not know whether to take the baby out, for this reason, the Jimu news reporter specially interviewed the experts of pediatrics and pediatric protection to teach the baby care guide in the cold winter season for bao dad and mother.
How is the difference between cold and pneumonia? Colds, fevers, coughs... These are common diseases in infants and young children in winter, so are these symptoms colds or pneumonia? Many parents are stupid and can't tell the difference, often dragging small diseases into major diseases. "The common cold is an upper respiratory tract infection, a self-limiting disease, and the course of the disease is about a week." Hong Yan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Pediatrics of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, introduced that the common cold is mostly related to viral infections, usually there are more local symptoms, such as cough, runny nose, nasal congestion, dry throat and sore throat, etc., sometimes accompanied by fever, fever generally lasts for 2-3 days. There are no abnormalities on auscultation of the lungs, and chest x-ray and chest CT are normal. Pneumonia belongs to the lower respiratory tract infection, in addition to viral infection, can also be caused by bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia and other infections, usually high fever does not subside, cough intense, some accompanied by wheezing, breathing difficulties, cyanosis, etc., chest x-ray or chest CT can see patches or large pieces of solid shadow. How to identify pneumonia in children early? Hong Yan reminds that when the child has the following symptoms, it may be pneumonia, it is recommended to see a doctor in time: the child's high fever does not go back for 3-5 days or more; severe cough, cough with pus and sputum, infants and young children can appear wheezing and holding their breath; children complain of chest pain, breathing difficulties, face cyanosis; the baby's spirit is poor, malaise, or irritability and crying.
Pneumococcus is a "health killer" for infants and young children
Pneumonia, also known as bronchopneumonia, is more common in children under 2 years of age. Among the pathogens that cause pneumonia infection, pneumococcal infection is the most common. Invasive pneumococcal infection not only causes inflammation in the lungs, but also affects the central nervous system, causing purulent meningitis, which can be life-threatening if purulent meningitis is not diagnosed and treated in time. "Although some children have survived treatment, they have left more serious sequelae, including limb dysfunction, intellectual disability, vision and hearing impairment." Hong Yan said. According to the World Health Organization, more than 70% of invasive pneumococcal diseases occur in children under 2 years of age, especially in infants aged 6-11 months.
Hong Yan reminded parents not to wear too much for the baby because of cooling, the child metabolism is fast, easy to sweat, and it is a little less than adults. In addition, during the holiday visits, relatives and friends must pay attention to the adult's own hand hygiene, and do not kiss the baby at will, so as not to infect the baby with the germs carried by the adult.
Prevention is more important than treatment The World Health Organization has always advocated that prevention is greater than treatment, and vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is one of the most cost-effective means to effectively protect babies from phase pneumococcal diseases. Wang Hong, director of the Department of Child Protection at Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, mentioned that in the face of the serious threat of pneumococcal diseases to children's health and the problem of antibiotic resistance, WHO lists them as a disease that needs to be prevented with vaccines "of high priority".
So how is the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered? According to the previous standard vaccination procedure, the vaccine can be started at the baby's age of 6 weeks, that is, 42 days, the first dose can be started, 3 doses of basic immunization are completed before 6 months of age, and the fourth dose of booster injection is completed at 12-15 months of age. However, Wang Hong reminded that according to the latest adjustment of the vaccination plan, the basic three injections can be relaxed to before the age of 1, giving more babies who have not yet had time to be vaccinated for more than 6 months a chance to revaccinate. Completing the "3+1" full vaccination as soon as possible can help young babies win the opportunity to resist pneumococcal diseases.
Seven "Tips" for Infant Health Management
At the same time, Director Wang Hong also provided parents with seven "tips" for infant and young child care to help parents maintain healthy babies scientifically.
Tip 1: Living arrangements
Reasonably and regularly arrange the daily life schedule and physical activities of infants and young children to ensure adequate and high-quality sleep.
Tip 2: Nutritious feeding
Promote breastfeeding, in addition, a balanced intake of high-quality protein, fat, vitamins, carbohydrates and other nutrients.
Tip Three: Physical Activity
Babies under one year of age are recommended to carry out physical activities based on floor play for more than 30 minutes a day, in divided steps; babies aged 1-3 years old are recommended to carry out physical activities of a certain intensity for 3 hours a day. Wipe sweat and change clothes in time after the activity.
Tip 4: Vaccination
It is recommended to vaccinate in time to maximize the role of vaccine and protect the health of infants and young children. How should parents choose a vaccine? Effectiveness and safety are the first elements, and it is necessary to choose a widely validated vaccine for your baby, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which is specifically aimed at pneumococcal diseases that seriously endanger the health of babies under 2 years of age.
Tip Five: Health Monitoring
It is recommended to give your baby regular health check-ups, early screening helps to detect abnormalities and diseases in your baby, and provides early intervention and medical services.
Tip Six: Parent-child relationship
A good parent-child relationship is also an indispensable factor for the healthy growth of the baby. The five elements of a good parent-child relationship are: enthusiasm, acceptance, sincerity, empathy, and respect.
Tip Seven: Early Learning
Through the early cultivation of good living habits, self-care ability, intelligence, etc., promote the healthy development of the baby's perception, big movements, fine movements, language, cognition, social behavior and other aspects.