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General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his important speech at the meeting to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China: "One hundred years ago, the pioneers of the Communist Party of China founded the Communist Party of China, forming the great spirit of adhering to the truth, adhering to ideals, practicing the original intention, undertaking the mission, not being afraid of sacrifice, heroic struggle, loyalty to the party, and living up to the people, which is the source of the spirit of the Communist Party of China. "As far as the specific place of origin is concerned, it is not an exaggeration to say that Shanghai Yuyangli is the original place of the Chinese Communist Party. Because since April 1920, chen Duxiu moved into No. 2 Yuyangli, Lane 100, Huanlong Road, Shanghai (now No. 2, Lane 100, Nanchang Road), which became the editorial department of New Youth. The first Communist Party organization in China was born here, the CCP was prepared here, and the office of the Central Bureau after the First Congress was still here (until October 1922, when it was moved to Beijing).
No. 2 Old Yuyangli
Yuyangli and the surrounding neighborhoods witnessed major events from the May Fourth Movement to the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. On May 11, 1919, the Shanghai Students' Federation was established in the Huanqiu Chinese Students' Union at No. 51 Jing'an Temple Road (now Nanjing West Road) in the public concession. On June 9, after receiving a warning from the Ministry of Works, the Shanghai Federation of Students once moved its office to No. 14 Yuyangli in the French Concession, and the Daily Magazine Company to No. 21 Yuyangli. On the 11th, it received a notice from the French Concession Patrol House that the office was relocated to Fudan University in Xujiahui, and the Daily Magazine Agency borrowed the Bowen Girls' School in Belle Luli and Li of the French Concession to temporarily take shelter. In the summer of 1920, Li Da, as a director of the Students' Union studying in Japan, participated in the work of leading the Chinese Students' Federation at the Bowen Girls' School, where he met Wang Huiwu, who was working as a secretary for the China Shanghai Women's Federation, and fell in love and married. According to Li Da's recollection, after the summer vacation of 1921, Yang Mingzhai exchanged No. 6 Xinyuyangli on Xiafei Road (the seat of the Wai Chinese Society and the Shanghai Socialist Youth League, now No. 6, Lane 567, Middle Huaihai Road) to others to a house on the first floor of Fudri No. 625, but Yang did not live there for long. Soon I went to live in Six Hundred and Twenty-Five. "It is only more than 600 meters away from No. 2 Old Yuyangli, which was a public concession at that time. On July 23, 1921, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was held at No. 76 Shudri, and Mao Zedong and most of the other deputies were arranged by Li Da's wife Wang Huiwu to live in the nearby Bowen Girls' School.
Gao Junman in "The Age of Awakening"
01 Adhere to the truth Adhere to the ideal
In November 1920, the Manifesto of the Communist Party of China stated that "the purpose of the communists is to create a new society in accordance with the ideals of the communists." In November 1920, the monthly magazine "The Communist Party", drafted by Chen Duxiu, clearly put forward three points: First, to overthrow the domestic and international capitalist classes by means of revolutionary class struggle; second, to experiment with the Russian Communist Party on a new road, and it is impossible for any other democratic and representative politics to ask the tiger for meat; third, to establish a working people's state through the dictatorship of the proletariat. Formally decided to accept Leninism and follow the path of the Russian Bolsheviks. Li Da edited the first and second issues of the monthly magazine "Communist Party" on the 2nd floor of Old Yuyangli, after which Li Da and his wife lived directly in the pavilion upstairs and became the main editors of the monthly magazine "Communist Party". Li Da held that in order to build a Marxist political party, it is necessary to resolutely criticize all kinds of erroneous ideological trends.
From the very beginning of its founding, the Communist Party of China chose Marxism. In the summer of 1920, Chen Wangdao's first full translation of the Communist Manifesto Chinese was published in Shanghai, with 1,000 copies of the first edition printed, and only 6 years later it was printed to the 17th edition. Yuyangli was the proofreading office of this translation, and Chen Duxiu and Li Hanjun undertook the proofreading work.
In August 1921, just after the opening of the Communist Party of China, an early communist published "Marx's Communism" in the magazine "New Youth", proposing that "all the theories of Marxism are based on the background materials of countries with developed industries; therefore, some of his words cannot be applied to countries with naïve industries... If Marxism is to be practiced in China, on the surface there may be a conflict with what Marx said; but it does not matter, because Marxism itself is not a rigid model. Therefore, we only need to abide by the fundamental principles of Marxism; as for the policy of branches and leaves, there is no need to be rigid. ”
The former site of the editorial office of "New Youth" is No. 2 Yuyangli, Shanghai
02 Kogyu's first intention Mission
Under the circumstances at the time, the first task in undertaking the mission was to build the party. On July 1, 1921, before the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, The New Youth Monthly Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 3, published Chen Duxiu's "Political Reform and Political Party Transformation", proposing that "only by replacing political parties with the Communist Party can there be hope for political reform." Li Da also clearly pointed out that the Communist Party is the "pillar" and "mind" of the proletariat, and it is necessary to organize a "sophisticated group" as a guide to awaken the majority of the unconscious workers.
Chen Duxiu, Li Hanjun, Yu Xiusong, Shi Cuntong, Chen Gongpei, and others discussed initiating the establishment of the Communist Party in Yuyang
In June 1920, Chen Duxiu, Li Hanjun, Yu Xiusong, Shi Cuntong, Chen Gongpei, and others discussed the initiation of the Communist Party in Yuyangli. The First Congress of the Communist Party of China, found in the original Russian archives in the second half of 1921, records that "the communist organizations in China were founded in the middle of last year. At first, there were only 5 people in the organization in Shanghai. The leader is Comrade Chen, the editor-in-chief of the prestigious New Youth. In August, the early organization of the Communist Party of China was formally established, with Yuyangli as the office of the initiating group. At the party's congress, the pioneers of the party, on the basis of Marx's ideas on transforming the world, rejected the Marxist proposition of a college-style study for more than a decade, and decided to immediately start the workers' movement. On May 5, 1922, at the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Socialist Youth League, Chen Duxiu summed up the two major spirits of Marx's practical research and practical activities, calling on young people to "not only study their doctrines, but also carry out their theories in practice, and carry out social revolutions."
03 Not afraid of sacrifice Heroic struggle
In June 1919, after Chen Duxiu was arrested in Beijing, Li Da wrote an article in the supplement of "Enlightenment" entitled "Chen Duxiu and New Thought", "We should show him two kinds of respect. He was a man who desperately 'preached new ideas'. Erjing is a very 'hard-working' person for the sake of doctrine. ”
In the autumn of 1920, Chen Duxiu said in a letter to Zhang Shenfu: "Not only must the revolutionary cause be exchanged for life, but in such an evil society, if you want to tell the truth and do practical things with a conscience in everything, you must also have the spirit of exchanging life for life." ”
Chen Duxiu
04 Loyalty to the Party Live up to the people
The Party Program adopted by the Cpc National Congress clearly requires that those who apply to join the Party must be "those who recognize the Party's Party program and policies and are willing to become loyal Party members" and "Regarding the conditions for Party membership, it is stipulated that anyone who recognizes the Party's program and policies and is willing to become a loyal Party member can be accepted as a Party member after being introduced by a Party member." In July 1922, the first Party Constitution was adopted by the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which strictly stipulated the obligations of Party members and Party discipline. Articles 22 and 23 of the Party Constitution give Party members a clear negative list: "They shall not join all political parties without the consent of the Central Committee and the commission. When joining the Party, a party formerly subordinate to all politics shall formally declare his secession without permission" and "shall not be an administrative officer of any capitalist class without the authorization of the Central Executive Committee".
The Communist Party of China is the party of the proletariat and has always stood on the stand of the people. In July 1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China expounded the relationship between the Party and the masses earlier. The Resolution on the Constitution of the Communist Party adopted by the Second National Congress first defines the Communist Party of China as a "party that strives for the interests of the proletariat" and "a party of the masses that is a revolutionary movement and a big mass party", pointing out that "since we are a party fighting for the proletarian masses, we must 'go among the masses' to form a large 'mass party'" and "succeed in a mass party capable of carrying out a great proletarian revolution... Our activities must not depart from the masses. ”
Yu Xiusong
In a letter to his father in January 1923, Yu Xiusong, one of the founders of the party, made it clear that his will had "long been decided" and that he "wanted to save the largest number of toiling masses in China." In November 1936, Yu Xiusong stressed in his article "The Lessons of the Xinhai Revolution": "Any revolution of the people must represent the interests of the broad masses of the people and seek the interests of the broad masses of the people."
In this era of peace, we should not forget the warriors who fought for the founding of New China and the interests of the broad masses of the people, and salute them!
This is a prosperous world, as you wish!
Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian martyrs