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King of Japan
The Benji of Emperor Wu's Benji Yan Shigu notes: "Whoever says that he belongs to the state belongs to the Han Dynasty, so he belongs to the country." ”
The tributary system is a very unique ancient system of international relations on the East Asian continent. It has also become the world's three major models of international relations, namely the treaty system and the colonial system. The tributary system was a political order based on the Central Plains Empire in China, with Korea, Annam, Ryukyu, and other countries in Central and Southeast Asia as vassal states, from the 3rd century BC to the end of the Qing Dynasty. However, there is one country in East Asia that has long been outside the Chinese tributary system, and that is Japan.
Japan became a vassal state of China only briefly during the Eastern Han and Tang dynasties
The history of Japan is said to have originated in the era of Qin Shi Huang, Xu Fudongdu, which is naturally unverifiable. But Japan did have exchanges with China during the Qin and Han dynasties.
In the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (57), in the 32nd year of the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, the King of Japan (actually just a leader of the Japanese archipelago) sent envoys to the capital Luoyang to pay tribute, willing to ask the Guangwu Emperor to give him a name for the eastern Han Dynasty. Because the Uighur emissaries were very short, Emperor Guangwu gave the japanese country the name "Uighur Kingdom". The Uighur King also requested the Han Guangwu Emperor to grant him the title, and the Guangwu Emperor gave him the title of "King of the Wunu" and the golden seal of the "Golden Seal of the King of the Han Dynasty". Unearthed in 1784 on shiga island in Kyushu, Japan, the gold seal became a national treasure of Japan and is now in the Fukuoka City Museum as proof of the earliest friendly exchanges between China and Japan. But after the gold seal was unearthed, Chinese scholars in the 20th century suspected that it was forged.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Book of The Book of The Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Dongyi record that in the second year (57) of the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu of Han gave the seal to the State of Wei. Since then, "WuNu" and "倭" have long been the names of Japan, continuing until the Tang Dynasty.
After the Three Kingdoms, Japan gradually developed from a primitive slave country, and national self-esteem began to explode. During the Sui Dynasty, the Uighurs often did not want to be regarded as vassal states, but wanted to try to maintain an equal status. Ono Meizi once wrote to the Sui Emperor on behalf of the Uighur King: "The sunrise of the Heavenly Son to the Book of the Day is not where the Heavenly Son is unharmed." Yang Guang was naturally very angry, but he didn't do anything to the slaves. It can be seen that the independent status of the Uighurs during the Sui Dynasty.
Emperor Gaozong of Tang
However, after the Battle of Baijiangkou, the Wunu were subdued by the Tang Dynasty. In 663, the 42,000 Uighur army and more than 1,000 warships were attacked by the Tang army of 13,000 and 170 warships, and a fierce naval battle was fought at the mouth of the Baekje Baekje River. The Wunu were defeated, and from then on, the Wunu willingly became a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty. With the reform of the Wunu, the laws, history, social system, literature, and literature of the Wunu were the same as in China, and the writing was also Chinese, and even the capital city was a miniature version of Chang'an City at that time. In the era of Wu Zetian, the Wunu who were influenced by Chinese culture also felt that the word "Wunu" was not decent, so they implored Wu Zetian to give him the name "Japan", and the name Ofu became history from then on.
The map of the Tang Dynasty drawn by Japanese scholars, Kyushu Island was included
During the Song Dynasty, the Japanese also admired the Song people. Japanese women often crossed the sea to the Song Dynasty to ask for children. However, Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty failed to invade Japan, causing the Japanese to begin to look at China equally. Japan clamored that "there is no China after the cliff mountain". During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Japan was even more reluctant to be a vassal of China. It even launched the Battle of Korea of the Wanli Dynasty and the Sino-Japanese War of the Qing Dynasty.
Sasaki wears a red kimono
Where was the secret that ancient Japan was able to stay out of the Chinese tributary system?
There were very real reasons why ancient Japan was able to stay out of the Chinese tributary system for a long time.
First of all, China's land and Japan are separated by the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan, and the Central Plains Dynasty cannot pass. At the invitation of Japanese monks, the Tang Dynasty monk Jian Zhen crossed the east six times and went through countless hardships before arriving in Japan in 754. Kublai Khan's eastern expedition to Japan encountered a typhoon, and tens of thousands of sailors were lost, which shows how difficult the sea route was at that time. The vassal states of the Central Plains Dynasty, except for Ryukyu and Sulu, were basically all bordered by land.
Second, it was not profitable to attack Japan. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty opened up the Western Regions to fight against the Xiongnu, followed by economic trade. Japan is an island country, and there are no resources at all, let alone a transportation artery, so the emperors are not interested in this. For example, Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, listed Japan as a country without conquest. This is very wise, poor and remote, even if the battle is won, you still have to post money. Because of poverty, Japan produced wokou.
Japanese soldiers during World War II were indeed quite short
As a result, Japan was able to maintain its autonomous position in East Asia without being threatened by the Central Plains Dynasty. Japan is an unfortunate country because it is located at the easternmost tip of the Asian continent, with scarce resources and poor living conditions. But it is also a fortunate country, because it is far from the mainland and has maintained independent sovereignty. At the same time, it is also an admirable country, because it knows how to keep learning, so it will become our opponent.