preface
"Titled Broken Mountain Temple Hou Zen Courtyard" is a relatively special five-character poem written by the Tang Dynasty poet Chang Jian.
Enter the ancient temple in the early morning, and the first sun shines on the forest. The winding path leads to a secluded place, and the Zen room is deep in flowers and trees.
The mountain light is pleasant to birds, and the shadow of the pond is empty. All this is silent, but Yu Zhong chimes.
The Broken Mountain Temple is an improvised temple on Yushan Mountain, northwest of present-day Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, and was originally built during the Qi Liang period of the Southern Dynasty. Because the temple is next to the Broken Dragon Stream, it is also called "Broken Mountain Temple".
Appreciating this poem requires several characteristics in the creation of this poem, and it is also helpful to understand the five laws of the Tang people.
1. Half a sentence
The verse must use the verse, that is, the sentence form that meets the requirements of the law. There are four basic sentence forms in the rhythm: ping ping ping 仄仄, 仄仄仄平平. Ping Ping Ping, Ping Ping Ping.
Some of these words can be written as ping, for example, these sentences are written as: Zhongping Ping 仄仄, Zhongping 仄仄平平.
There are also so-called awkward sentences, and after the emergence of awkward sentences, some need to be rescued, and some do not need to be rescued. For example, the silence of all the people belongs to the half-sentence that can be saved or not saved: 仄仄仄平仄, which is a transfiguration of 仄仄平平仄.
If the half-awkward sentence is saved, it is to choose the third word of the opposite sentence to be flat: Zhongping Ping Ping Ping (but Yu [Zhong] 磬音).
2. What is stealing spring grid
The common five laws, the middle two must be opposed, but there are also the first pair of battles, and there is a phenomenon of a middle one not fighting. For example, in this poem "The Zen Temple After the Broken Mountain Temple", the first couplet is a battle:
Enter the ancient temple in the early morning, and the first sun shines on the forest.
Neck joints also fight:
The mountain light is pleasant to birds, and the shadow of the pond is empty.
But the jaw joint is not in the right place:
The winding path leads to a secluded place, and the Zen room is deep in flowers and trees.
This way of fighting, such as plum blossoms blooming before the arrival of spring, is figuratively called stealing spring grid.
3. What is the three tails
There is a sentence variation called three tails: 平平仄仄仄.
In the five laws of the first five, there are two places and three tails:
Early in the morning into the ancient temple, ping ping servants.
The mountain light is pleasant to the bird, and the peace is flat.
The three-fold tail is a declension often used in the law sentence and does not belong to the law. Qing Xian, the poet Of the Same Dynasty, Dong Wenzhuo of the Qing Dynasty, mentioned the Three Tails in his "Four Scores of Tone":
"Only the three words in the previous sentence are 'pingping 仄仄仄' sentences, which are correct and not borrowed from ancient sentences. The first two even flat also do not have the disease of clamping flat.
Zhao Zhixin, who was not a scholar of the Kangxi Dynasty, also said in the "Sound Score":
Ping Ping 仄仄仄仄, the next sentence 仄仄仄平平, the law poem is commonly used, if the 仄平仄仄仄 is the tone of the tone. There are three servants under the cover, and the upper two flat also.
The three tails are very common in the poems of the early and late Tang Dynasties. For example, Wang Bo's "Autumn Farewell to Xue Sublimation": whether to go or live; Du Fu's "First Moon": Weisheng Gusaiwai; Liu Yuxi's "The Year and night Of Yonghuai": Mi Nian is not happy; Du Mu's "Title Xuanzhou Kaiyuan Temple Water Pavilion Excellency Wanxi Jiaxi Resident": Sorrow without cause to see Fan Li.
Even in the trial poems, three tails are allowed. Emperor Dezong of Tang's reign of Xu Mu, in The Provincial Trial of Linyuan Envy Fish:
Shame on you. During the Tang Dynasty, the poet honored the "Provincial Examination july flowing fire": the vestibule was under a leaf.
4, the rhyme is different from ancient to modern
The rhyme of ancient poems is different from today's pronunciation. Tang Dynasty poets rhyme, mostly using officially recognized Tang rhymes.
In the twentieth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Sun Yu compiled 195 "Tang Rhymes" based on the Sui Dynasty's "Qie Yun". During the Song Dynasty, the official adapted 206 rhymes based on "Tang Yun" to "Guangyun" and "Jiyun".
Later, the "Pingshui Rhyme" merged the neighbor rhymes that could be passed in Tang Rhyme, Guang Rhyme, and Ji Rhyme, and changed it to the 106 commonly used today.
The "Zen Temple After the Title Breaking Mountain Temple" uses the "Invasion" department: Lin, Shen, Heart, and Sound.
This rhyme department is not interchangeable with the Eleven True (merging the Tang and Song Rhymes and Zhen parts), the Twelve Texts (Xin), and the Thirteen Yuans (merging the Soul and Traces).
Tang and Song poetry is basically in line with the rhyme of Pingshui, and we appreciate Tang poetry, and we can compare the rhyme of Tang poetry to distinguish the rhyme of Tang poetry. It can be seen from the rules of rhyming that the ancients were very strict about rhyming, and in the imperial examination, rhyming was a very serious mistake.
5, the version is different
Chang Jian's "Zen Temple After the Inscription of the Broken Mountain Temple" has been passed down to this day, and many versions have appeared, and each version has a different word.
Among them, the common version of the jaw joint is: the winding path leads to the quiet place, and the Zen room is deep in flowers and trees. But in many ancient books, it is written: bamboo paths lead to seclusion.
For example, Hu Zai of the Song Dynasty transferred the Poems of Father Hongju in the "Preface to the Tales of Yu Yin Cong" in the "Preface to the Tales of Yu Yin Cong":
Ou Gong also loved to build '[bamboo] path through the secluded place, Zen room flowers and trees deep', want to imitate the construction of a number of words, but can not get, think hate.
In the Song Dynasty Fan Chengda's "Wu Junzhi", he also wrote "Bamboo" path through the secluded place.
The second sentence also has several kinds of "First Sun Yao [Zhao, Lang] Gaolin".
There is also a difference between "all the people are (clubs) silent, but (only) the sound of the bells".
The versions are different, mostly because of errors in the copying and engraving, and there are also some works that the poet himself has modified and therefore leaves different versions.
Read Zeng Jihu's "Poetry of Boats" and see the story about two versions of a poem in Lü Benzhong:
Dong Lai's "Ji Yin Sending the Deceased" (Liu Shi Fei Shi and Jun Bei) has two books: Dong Lai wrote it when he was young, and then lost his original, and in Linchuan, because he and his apprentices held up this poem, they died, so they used the first four sentences and the last two sentences to supplement one; [Falling Flowers and Lonely Chang'an Road] is an old poem, and those who [a thousand books and a hundred books must be matched] are posthumous works.
Mr. Dong Lai (Lü Benzhong) wrote a poem "Jiyin Sending the Deceased" when he was young, but later the original work was lost, and he only remembered the first four sentences and the last two sentences, so he used it as a blank question, and he added a few new sentences. Later, the original work was found again, so two versions of the poem appeared.
As for the reason for so many versions of "The Zen Temple" of the Broken Mountain Temple, it is difficult for future generations to know.
Conclusion
Chang Jian was a jinshi of Wang Changling's same list, and the two were inscribed on the golden list in the fifteenth year of the new century (727). In the early tang and early days of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, many people composed rhythmic poems, which were not as standard as the later Middle Tang and late Tang Dynasties.
For example, Li Bai and Meng Haoran like to make some five laws that are not correct throughout, and Cui Hao's controversial "Yellow Crane Tower" is half ancient and half near.
Chang Jian's five-word law also often has this phenomenon, for example, there are three flat tones in "Su Wang Changling's Hermitage", "SendIng Li Dadu To Protect", and "Tanzhou Liu Farewell": the hidden only lonely cloud, the moraine is sentimental and yin, and the mountain moon Qing ape yin. The third sentence of "Sending Lu Zhen" is an ancient style: Nanshan High Pine Tree.
Among the several five laws handed down by Chang Jian, relatively speaking, "The Zen Temple After the Title Of breaking the mountain temple" is still relatively obedient.
@Old Street Taste
In the words of Bai Yuzhai, the author mentioned several points, and the words must not be known