When Liu Beibai was isolated from Zhuge Liang and Li Yan, Zhao Yun, the general of the Yi Army and the governor of Jiangzhou, Zhao Yunlong, was definitely present, because this matter is recorded in the official history:
"The first lord lost to Zi Gui, Yun marched to Yong'an, and the Wu army has retreated."
The correct saying of the White Emperor's Orphan is "Yong'an Tou Lonely", which is located in the Yong'an Palace near the White Emperor City. Zhao Yun had already arrived, but Liu Bei's public edict did not mention a word about him, but instead said something that made Zhuge Liang cry bitterly:
"The king is ten times more than Cao Pi, and he will be able to secure the country and finally set great things." If the heir can be supplemented, he shall be supplemented; if he is not talented, he may take it upon himself. ”
Comparing Zhuge Liang with the usurper Cao Pi, Liu Bei said this inexplicably, and what is even more surprising is that Liu Bei promised Zhuge Liang that he could take Liu Chan and replace him under necessary conditions, and at the same time let Liu Chan read four books, which cannot but make us think that Liu Bei really had high hopes for Zhuge Liang and even wanted to give away Jiangshan Sheji? If Liu Chan really understood those four books, would Zhuge Liang still be able to hold the power alone? Liu Bei made such an arrangement, did he find any signs?
Whether Liu Beiyong an Tuoguo sincerely wanted Zhuge Liang to take over the "Han Dynasty" or humbly and falsely tempted, only the person concerned knew best in his heart--Zhao Yun, who did not mention a word in the will, was at this time the strongest general on the Front line of Wu Shu, and whether he had another testament in his hand, Zhuge Liang and Li Yan certainly would not know.
Regardless of whether Zhao Yun accepted the secret order to kill Zhuge Liang, and regardless of what Liu Bei meant when he said to Zhuge Liang, "Jun can take his own favor", we will find that Liu Bei did not want to pass on jiangshan sheji to Zhuge Liang, but had high hopes for Liu Chan.
Next, let's analyze the full text of Liu Bei's will paragraph by paragraph, which is an important document stored in the archives of the Shu Han Imperial Palace, and whether Liu Bei gave Zhuge Liang the right to "take it upon himself" is likely to be what Zhuge Liang himself told others.
Liu Bei's will first introduced Liu Chan's illness and expressed his attachment to his sons, which was similar to Cao Cao's fenxiang selling:
"At the beginning of the disease, but the diarrhea of the ear, after the turn of miscellaneous diseases, can not help themselves." Fifty people are not called dead, they are more than sixty years old, and they hate what they hate, and they no longer hurt themselves, but they think of the Qing brothers. ”
Next, Liu Bei praised his son and gave him high hopes:
"Shoot the king, said that the minister sighed Qing's wisdom, very much increased, too much hope, the trial can be so, I have no worries!" Mian Zhi, Mian Zhi! Do not do evil for the sake of being small, and do not do it with the smallness of good. Only the virtuous can obey others. ”
Liu Bei said that this "shooting jun", we can find it by flipping forward the "Biography of the First Lord": "The first lord under the group is the king of Hanzhong, and the table is with the Han Emperor:
"The Pingxi general Ma Chao, the Marquis of Duting, the left general Shi Lingzhenjun, the general Xu Jing, the battalion Sima Chen, Pang Xi, the Yi Cao, who was engaged in zhonglang junzhonglang, and Zhuge Liang, the general of the military division... Wait for one hundred and twenty people. ”
The title of shooting aid is a long list, and the author does not know how to read it, the meaning of Liu Bei's words is that Zhuge Liang had publicly praised Liu Chan and passed the throne to Liu Chan, and he was very relieved.
So there was a contradiction in this: Liu Bei emphasized that liu chan's character could be completely assured, and on the other hand, he told Zhuge Liang that "the king can take his own", which of these two sentences is true and which sentence is false?
Liu Bei was polite with Zhuge Liang, or a temptation with ulterior motives, and he did not care about him, but those who were familiar with the history books and classics knew that any father who had a family property would not let his three sons go unpunished, but generously gave it to outsiders - if Zhuge Liang became emperor and Jiangshan was no longer surnamed Liu, then "rejuvenating the Han Room, still in the old capital", wouldn't it become an empty phrase?
Therefore, neither Liu Bei nor Zhuge Liang would allow Sheji to change his surname, because that would be tantamount to slapping themselves.
Liu Bei's next words are quite intentional, and they can also make people taste different:
"Father Ru is weak, do not imitate it." You can read the Book of Han and the Book of Rites, and the Book of the Sons and the Books of the Six Tao and the Shang Jun, which is beneficial to people's minds. Wen Cheng Xiang for the writing of Shen, Han, Guan Zi, Liu Tao a pass has been completed, did not send, dao died, can be more from the wenda. ”
Liu Bei specifically instructed Liu Chan to read the Book of Han, the Book of Rites, the Liutao, and the Book of Shangjun, and also said that Zhuge Liang had annotated these books, but he did not know why he did not give them to me, it is said that he lost it halfway - death in ancient texts also means loss and escape, such as the wrong way to die.
Did Liu Bei let Liu Chan then ask for a manuscript from Zhuge Liang, or did he ask him to think of another way, for the same ancient text, readers may have different understandings of the various bureaus, and the question that the author is concerned about is why Liu Bei asked him to take a good look at the Book of Shangjun?
Reading the Book of Han was to make Liu Chan read history wisely; reading the Book of Rites was to make him do things according to the rules so as not to teach people the truth; reading "Liutao" was a far-reaching intention—"Liutao" is not only a book of soldiers, it also tells how a large number of people have done a good job in governing the country:
"The courtesy of the king is only for the upper and the lower, and the near is not far, and the sink is not falling." For the sake of the upper week, for the lower part of the week; the lord's position, calm and quiet, the gentle knot is fixed first; the good and the non-contentious, the humble and the peaceful, and the right thing; the Lord listens, do not vainly allow, do not refuse; if you refuse, you will lose, and if you refuse, you will be closed. The mountains look up to the unmatched; the abyss is unpredictable; the Lord is clear, the eyes are clear, the ears are wise, and the heart is precious. If you see with the eyes of the world, you will see everything; if you listen with the ears of the world, you will hear everything; if you think of the world, you will not know. If they go hand in hand, they will not be hidden. ”
In short, the theme of "Liutao" is "soft and strong, obscure, quiet and silent." This is more consistent with Liu Chan's later performance.
The first three books can be understood, and Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to study the Book of Shangjun, which is even more intriguing: this book advocates strengthening the power of the monarchy, establishing a strict rule of law system of rewards and punishments, abolishing the hereditary privileges of the nobility, rewarding military merit, and advocating farming. It is said that only the emperor can legally study this book, and if the courtiers read it privately, it is a conspiracy to rebel.
There is a passage in the Book of Shang Jun that says that the king must be in power:
"If the king's position is not done, it is dangerous; if the five senses are divided and impermanent, it is chaotic; if the legal system is set up and the private good deeds are committed, the people are not afraid of punishment." The monarch is ordered to do it, the official cultivation is a regular matter, and the legal system is clear, and the people are afraid of punishment. ”
When Liu Bei was dying, he also made careful arrangements for Liu Chan's future, which had a little hatred for iron not steel?
It turned out that Liu Bei's preparations were very successful, and Liu Chan also gave Zhuge Liang a Mingjun who deserved the trust he had in his courtiers:
"The government is governed by Gurdjieff, and the sacrifice is widowed."
In the more than ten years after Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, he sat in the palace to study Zhuge Liang's governing strategy, and although he did not fully approve of Zhuge Liang's use of troops for many years, he never obstructed, Zhuge Liang also asked for instructions and reports on everything, did not show the arrogance of other powerful ministers, and even deliberately suppressed his son, and did not train his son to become a successor like Cao Cao and Sima Yi:
"Although Zhan is not wise enough to help the crisis, and brave enough to resist the enemy, he can not live up to the country outside, do not change his father's will internally, and be loyal and filial to himself."
If Zhuge Liang had cultivated with all his might, Zhuge Zhan would not have regretted it for the rest of his life:
"I don't have to make Jiang Wei except Huang Hao, I don't make Jiang Wei outside, I don't keep JiangYou inside, I have three sins."
From Zhuge Zhan's regrets, we can see that Zhuge Liang has taken preventive measures to avoid the emergence of figures such as Cao Pi Sima Yi in his family, so we can be 100% sure: Zhuge Liang is loyal to Liu Bei and has never had the heart to take Liu Chan and replace him; Liu Bei's sentence "Jun can take it for himself" means also "I have three sons, if Ah Dou does not study well, you will choose another one from Liu Yong liu Li to succeed." ”
Liu Bei's words were to grant Zhuge Liang the right to abolish the establishment, but also to sound a wake-up call to Liu Chan, and Liu Chan also had a deep understanding of Zhuge Liang's loyalty, so he could not tolerate others to say half a bad word about Zhuge Liang:
"Twelve years, liang died, and after the lord wore three days of mourning. remote
(Li Mi (李邈), who served as The Taishou (太守), Joined the Army of Qixiang (丞相), and Washan (安汉將軍)
The book says: 'Bright scepters strengthen soldiers, wolves look at tigers, and subjects are always in danger.' Now liang is dead, the Gai clan is complete, Xi Rong is resting, and the size is celebratory. Then the Lord was angry, and he went to prison and cursed him. ”
Just by this incident, we can see Liu Chan's trust and respect for Zhuge Liang, so whether Liu Chan read through the four books that Liu Bei let him read, he will let Zhuge Liang take sole power - professional things let professional people do, which is a wise boss.
Liu Chan was not the first and not the last to hand over the military and political power to the Nengchen, and Sun Ce, who liu Chan should be called uncle, also gave Zhang Zhao full authority to manage the affairs of Eastern Wu and was proud:
"In the past, Zhongxiang qi, one was the middle father, the second was the middle father, and the Huan Gong was the hegemonic sect. Imako Buxian, I can use it, and its merit is not my own! ”
Out of the master a table of real name, a thousand years who can be Bo Zhongjian. Zhuge Liang used his own practical actions to prove Liu Beituo's wisdom in sending his life alone: without Zhuge Liang's bowing and exhaustion, without Liu Chan's trust and decentralization, it is really unknown whether Shu Han could sustain for more than forty years.
So the author came to a conclusion, which may not be accurate, and also asked the readers to criticize and correct: Liu Bei let Liu Chan read four books before his death, Liu Chan read and understood, so he let Zhuge Liang take sole power and did not turn Zhuge Liang into a martingale; the words liu Bei said when he sent his life alone were to see some signs, but this sign was not that Zhuge Liang had the possibility of rebellion, but Liu Chan might not be reliable, so he listed a list of books for Liu Chan and granted Zhuge Liang the right to be arbitrary, which was to pressure Zhuge Liang. It is also to put a tight hoop spell on Liu Chan...