The rumor that Kangxi was passed on to the fourteenth master Yin Yu is still a controversial topic to this day, and many people are biased toward Yongzheng stealing the throne of his brother. In particular, in his later years, Kangxi's fourteenth grandfather, who was only a beizi, sent troops to suppress the rebellion for the great general Wang, which made people feel that Kangxi was paving the way for Yin Yu and making him a military meritorious service to ascend the throne smoothly. After Yongzheng finally ascended the throne, why did Yin Yu not directly force the palace with more than 100,000 and 200,000 troops in his hands, but tied his hands and captured them? Is it normal for Yongzheng to succeed to the throne, and does the old fourteen really have a chance of leading the army to force the palace to win?
Old Fourteen stills
Kangxi had a total of more than thirty sons, one smarter than the other, one more able to toss, this is not, when Kangxi deposed the prince for the first time in forty-seven years, the most influential and fierce "nine sons and concubines" occurred. The final winner was Yin Chan, the old Prince of Siyong, who was not showing the mountain dew and making a lot of money. And the old fourteen Yin Yu, the great general who everyone speculated about the most promising heir to the throne, was defeated. The main reason why everyone had a bad impression of Yongzheng was not because of this, but because after he succeeded to the throne, he vigorously suppressed the brothers who participated in the Ninth Son's Conquest, and the end was very miserable. Of course, the old thirteenth is an exception, and it is precisely because of this that later generations have always been full of doubts about the legitimacy of Yongzheng's throne.
So yongzheng really stole the throne of the old fourteenth? Is Yongzheng really a usurper? We can do an analysis from several aspects:
Advantages of Yongzheng succession:
1. Yin Chan's adoptive mother is noble
Yongzheng stills
Some friends may question that Yongzheng's mother, Princess De, is only the last of the four concubines with a relatively high status in Kangxi, and there are also noble concubines and empresses on it, how can it be noble? Yes, Yongzheng's mother's mother's family is ordinary, her own identity is only a quarter, Yongzheng simply got the help of the mother clan. Don't forget that Yongzheng had one of the noblest adoptive mothers, the Kangxi's favorite cousin, Empress Tong Jia.
Because the Qing Dynasty had an ancestral system, harem concubines were only eligible to raise their own children if they reached the rank of concubine or above. When Yongzheng was born, Princess De was only a low-ranking nobleman, so Yongzheng was taken away as soon as she was born, and Kangxi gave her to Tong Jia, who was already a noble concubine, to raise her. This Tong Jia was of unusual origin and could be said to be the most honorable surname of the Kangxi Dynasty. Tong Jiashi was the last of kangxi's three crowned empresses, the only imperial concubine in the Kangxi harem, and a cousin of Kangxi. Her father was Tong Guowei, and her aunt was Kangxi's biological mother, Empress Xiaokangzhang, and she was the closest to Kangxi.
The most important thing is that kangxi has been in charge of the harem since the death of kangxi's wife Hersheri and his successor Empress Xiaozhaoren, until her death, Kangxi has great respect for her. Since the previous two empresses had died prematurely, Kangxi believed that his wife did not dare to make Empress Tong Jia, until Tong Jia's death, in order to celebrate her, she was made empress, that is, Empress Xiaoyiren, who was also the shortest-reigning empress of the Qing Dynasty, and only served for a few hours.
Kangxi stills
2. The son is more expensive than the mother
The Qing Dynasty had an unwritten rule that children were valued by mothers, unlike other dynasties where mothers were valued by children. In the Qing Dynasty, no matter at any time, as long as it was an empress, whether there was a son or not, the status could not be shaken. Yongzheng was raised by Empress Xiaoyiren personally from an early age, and until the empress's death for two years, she still lived in the empress's middle palace, and did not return to her mother, Princess De. This shows that Yongzheng is equivalent to passing on to the empress, and this status is high. Among all the sons of Kangxi, except for the crown prince Yin Rong, the fourth yin chan was the most noble, including the old ten who was not as tall as him.
3. Yongzheng's son Hongli was raised by Kangxi in the palace
The person Qianlong admired most in his life was his grandfather Kangxi, who simply worshipped him to the bone, imitating his grandfather all his life, and even the time of succession did not dare to exceed Kangxi to show respect. Mainly because Kangxi personally brought him into the palace to raise him in his later years, which was also the capital that Qianlong blew for a lifetime. However, Kangxi not only raised one grandson of him, Yin Rong's son Honghao was Kangxi's favorite grandson, after all, was he a grandson? There are also three sons of the old fourteenth who were also raised by Kangxi in the palace, and it is said that the son of the eighth elder, Honghui, was also raised in the palace, because the eighth son was also raised by Empress Xiaoyiren when he was a child. Like Yongzheng, Empress Xiaoyiren lived in the Middle Palace two years after her death, and the palace people called him and Yongzheng the Great Brother (Yongzheng) and the Little Brother (Old Eight).
Stills of the Eight Masters Party
4. Uncle Roncodo
There is a person who is crucial to Yongzheng's succession to the throne, and he is Yongzheng's uncle Long Keduo, and Long Keduo is not Yongzheng's uncle who is better than his relatives. He was the son of Tong Guowei, the younger brother of Empress Xiaoyiren, and the brother-in-law and cousin of Kangxi. Before his death, Kangxi entrusted him with the position of the Viceroy of the Nine Gates to protect the imperial city, which showed the importance attached to him. More importantly, Kangxi's edict was handed over to Long Keduo, Yongzheng's edict of succession was read by him, and of course, Kangxi's close minister Zhang Tingyu.
At that time, Yongzheng's political enemies had already proposed that the edict was forged, that the edict was a copy of the Manchu And Chinese script, and that it was also a traditional character, how could it be forged, and who dared to forge such a major matter about Jiangshan Sheji? How great kangxi was, wasn't it an absolute confidant who could give it to him? Some people will also say that Lao Ba was also raised by Empress Xiao Yiren, and it may also be that he was established, which is impossible, the eldest, the second eldest, and the old eighth have long been clearly kicked out of the crown prince by Kangxi. Who Roncodo is closest to, it is clear at a glance.
Long Keduo read out the Kangxi testament
5. Letting the old fourteenth army go out on the expedition is a smoke bomb
In the spring of the fifty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1718), the leader of the Dzungar clan, Tserry Alabutan, sent an army to attack Tibet, and Lazang Khan asked the Qing court to send troops to rescue. It was at this time that Old Fourteen marched west to quell the rebellion, and Kangxi attached great importance to this matter, and named Old Fourteen the Great General King, giving him the highest standard of send-off
。 "Use the yellow flag of the silk, according to the style of Wang Ling"
。 When the princes and nobles of the capital came to send off, this high-standard treatment made the courtiers want to move again, speculating about Kangxi's intentions. This old fourteen was also a contending spirit, had military talent, and won glory for the country, until the death of Kangxi in the sixty-first year, he was still leading troops outside.
It is likely that the old fourteenth march was a smoke bomb released by Kangxi, this kind of thing Kangxi had done before, and when he first deposed the prince, Kangxi superficially asked everyone to elect a candidate for the crown prince. As a result, Lao Ba got the most votes, and Kangxi repented. Therefore, it is likely that the old fourteenth western expedition was a smoke bomb released by Kangxi to transfer the old fourteen with military talent out of the political center. Because he was in the same group as Lao Ba, or the core backbone of the "Eight Masters Party", he was transferred away to cut off Lao Ba's arm so as to pave the way for Xinjun. After two incidents of deposing the crown prince, Kangxi became very cautious about determining the future heir, spending several years laying out the layout to ensure that nothing was lost.
So what are the advantages and disadvantages of the old fourteen compared with Yongzheng:
Advantages of Old Fourteen:
First, three sons of the eleventh and fourteenth were raised by Kangxi in the palace, which also proved that Kangxi was very fond of him, including the crown prince, who did not have this treatment. Second, there are so many adult princes in Kangxi, and there are also a lot of capable people, such as the eldest brother is the first prince to fight. Kangxi only chose the young and promising old fourteen, indicating that Kangxi was very important to him.
Disadvantages of old fourteen: first,
There is no prominent matriarchal power, the old fourteenth and the fourth are sons born of a mother, the concubine is not noble, and the status is only one of the four concubines. Compared with Yongzheng, who had an empress adoptive mother, it was obviously much worse, and the old fourteenth was raised by The Concubine herself, because when she gave birth to the fourteenth, she had already been promoted to a concubine. Second, the old fourteenth is the core of the eighth master party, and Kangxi is very jealous of the old eighth, so he kicked him out of the candidate for the crown prince, and it is inevitable that he will not be able to prevent the old fourteenth under the influence of the old eighth.
When the old fourteenth unified troops marched west, the unified troops claimed to be 300,000, but in fact there were more than 100,000, and they led the troops outside for three years. Why did an edict when Yongzheng succeeded to the throne make him willingly surrender his military power? Wouldn't he bring troops into the palace in Beijing? It's not that simple. There has never been a rebellion in the entire Qing Dynasty, the system of the Qing Dynasty is very complete, and there has never been a rebellion by a courtier.
Stills from Nian Tang Yao
Although the old fourteenth was named the great general king and the commander of the Western Expedition, although he managed more than 100,000 troops, it did not mean that he had the strength to force the palace. First of all, the army did not all listen to him, the old fourteen did not bring many people from the capital at all, and it was the local army that went to suppress the rebellion, mainly the northwest army. Secondly, the grain and grass were in nian qianyao's hands, and the army that did not eat was useless no matter how strong it was. The most important point is that the rebellion is to kill the head, Yong is the legitimate person who clearly passed the throne in the edict of the first emperor, the new king has determined the stability of the country, the soldier must listen to the holy will, and the rebellion is not to consider himself but also to consider his family.
Old Fourteen in the army is not the final word, Nian Qianyao is the one who restricts him. It can be said that Nian Qianyao was a talent, and before he was thirty years old, he had achieved the rank of inspector-level feudal official, and Kangxi admired him very much. By the time Kangxi was in his later years, he had become the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, a position that was almost the ceiling of a magistrate. His jurisdiction included Sichuan and Shaanxi, and he also managed Gansu, while the base camp of the old fourteenth was in Gansu, and the power of grain, grass and logistics supplies was in the hands of Nian Qianyao, and the food and drink of more than 100,000 troops had to rely on Nian Qianyao, which meant that the lifeblood was in the hands of Nian Qianyao. So what does old fourteen want to do who is the first to know? This form has to make people suspect that the old Fourteenth Western Expedition was the layout of Kangxi. None of this counts, and the most critical part of the problem is that Nian Qianyao is Yin Chan's nemesis.
In short, there were Kangxi edicts of Long Keduo and Zhang Tingyu in the court, the garrison of the capital was in the hands of Yin Chan's uncle Long Keduo, and there were the troops and logistics in the hands of his confidant Nian Qianyao outside, and Kangxi had already arranged everything. Therefore, even if the old fourteen is no longer willing, he can only sigh with joy, to put it bluntly, he is a light rod commander. Even if he had the ability to reach the heavens, wu Qi's military ability was unable to return to heaven, and forcing the palace was equivalent to throwing himself into the net.