The primogeniture system was a hard rule in feudal dynasties, which not only bound the likes and dislikes of the emperor himself, but also hindered the talented prince from exerting his ambitions- "the weak eat the strong", which is not uncommon in Chinese history. As a result, one bloody tragedy after another occurred between the royal family and nobles, which was shocking to the eye.
In the Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor followed suit, learning from the han family's cultural dictatorship, abandoning the Qing Dynasty's formal practice of "standing on the throne without standing up for a long time", and using the system of first-born sons, so it was inevitable to repeat the "seizure of the concubine incident".
The kangxi dynasty's conquest of the concubine was different from the rapid knife and chaos of the armed riots of previous dynasties, but the open and secret struggles were protracted. From the first abolition of the crown prince in the 47th year of The Kangxi Dynasty to the death of Kangxi in the 61st year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the crown prince was deposed twice in these 14 years, which aroused the hearts of the princes.
At that time, the princes formed parties for personal gain, and their appearance was too exposed, and from this time on, they were ambushed at the same time, causing political turmoil and turmoil, coupled with the chaos of military and national affairs, which made Kangxi miserable.
After Yin Rong was deposed for the second time, the Kangxi Emperor was bedridden for three days to recuperate, and said sadly: "In the future, when the examination is over, it will be placed in the Qianqing Palace, and the other bundles of armor will compete with each other." ”
This allusion comes from the death of Duke Huan of Qi, the five sons fought for the king, no one took care of his father's affairs, and even stopped the coffin for 67 days, causing the tragedy of the deceased's body rotting and maggots crawling out of the window. Kangxi compared the fate of Duke Huan of Qi with his own, which shows that his state of mind has reached the extreme of misery.
Although Kangxi's face was haggard and his heart was painful, none of the princes at that time cared, and they all only cared about becoming crown princes.
Only the fourth prince, Yin Chan (later the Yongzheng Emperor), did not act alarmed, Taoguang was obscure, and fought for no quarrel, showing a look of filial piety to his father and emperor, benevolent brothers and brothers, and out of the mud without staining. This method of seizing the throne was very clever, which not only made Kangxi feel very pleased, but also praised Yin Chan with "洵 is a great man" (洵 is the meaning of reality and certainty) to his courtiers. Although the "great man" mentioned by Kangxi is certainly not the same as our definition of the word "great man" today, these four words are undoubtedly still a very high evaluation, and they are also very rare in Kangxi's life.
According to historical records, kangxi resolutely refused to take medicine after falling ill, and only wanted to die quickly. At this time, only Yin Zhi and Yin Chan judged the situation, took the opportunity to do filial piety, and bitterly advised in front of the bed, "The Father Emperor's holy appearance is so reduced, do not let the doctors see it, take medicinal bait, and reluctantly delay themselves, and what the nations rely on." ”
Good medicine is bitter, and affection caresses people. Kangxi, who was ill, was very touched after hearing this, so he sent the three brothers Yinzhi, the fourth brother Yinchen, the fifth brother Yinqi, and the seventh brother Yinyou to review the prescription together, and soon recovered.
After his recovery, Kangxi was very happy, and he praised Yin Chan by the prince and minister: "His ability to understand the heart, love the heart, and be diligent and earnest can be described as filial piety." ”
In addition to honoring his father and emperor, Yin Chan also showed great benevolence to his brothers.
According to the Records of Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty, when Yin Chan was crowned prince, Yin Yu, Yin Yu, Yin Yu and others were all shells. Yin Chan began to play for this: "They are all ordinary brothers, their titles are very low, I am willing to lower my titles, improve the status of my brothers, so that the brothers have a similar status, so that I will feel better in my heart."
Regardless of whether the Yin Chan brothers doubted Yin Chan's true intentions, what Yin Chan said was indeed very sensational.
In the process of deposing the prince twice, Yin Yu and Yin Yu were full of killing chances, and Yin Yu and Yin Yu actually hid poison privately, preparing that if the East Window Incident occurred and Yin Yu was unexpected, they would die with them.
Yin Chan had also heard of this incident, but he pretended not to know, neither participated nor denounced, remained neutral, so as not to set himself on fire, and adopted an attitude of waiting and watching the changes and "the clams fight each other, and the fishermen profit", which seems to be a wise move today.
In addition, when Yin Rong was deposed for the first time, he was immediately imprisoned, and Kangxi ordered Yin Chan and Yin Yu to guard him. Yin Rong suddenly became a "prisoner in prison" from a position of great clothing and incomparable honor, and he was ashamed and indignant, worried and embarrassed, and unwilling to be humiliated, so he sighed for a long time: "Father and Emperor talk about me different kinds of things, everything is there, only rebellious things, I really have no such heart, I must play it out for me." ”
At this moment, Yin Rong said that he entrusted Chen Song on his behalf, but in fact he begged Yin Chan and Yin Yu to exonerate him, "The phoenix is not as good as a chicken", not to mention that he is a political enemy, Yin Yu resolutely refuses. Yin Chan said to Yin Rong with a very sympathetic look, "If you don't play, I will play." ”
As a result, Kangxi was very relieved after hearing this, and immediately removed the chain from Yin Rong's necklace. Soon, Kangxi passed on a message commending Yin Chan: "When yin was detained before, no one played for it, but the fourth brother was a man of superior character, knew the great righteousness, and repeatedly played for Yin Rong before the death, acting according to this intention, Xun was a great man." ”
Yin Chan's series of measures of loyalty and love for his father and benevolent brother won the praise of his father and emperor, laying the groundwork for the future succession of the unification.
In addition, when the vigorous struggle between the imperial brothers and the imperial brothers was nearly white-hot, Yin Chan was able to devote himself to writing books, making friends with monks, and chanting Zen poems in a state of indifference to Ming Zhi and being lonely and arrogant, which was impressive and deeply won the heart of Kangxi.
At that time, Yin Chan's "Yue Xin Collection" written by Yin Chan in the mansion expressed his ambition to love the idyllic life of the landscape and the mountains, and regarded tranquility and inaction as his pursuit, so he could optimistically obey the arrangement of the Mandate of Heaven and adapt to the changes in the environment.
No matter what Yin Chan's real thoughts were, reading those poems, it was like reading a rich and idle person, and the most desirable thing was to dress lightly, drive a horse, getaway, realize the opportunity, and rationalize the Buddhist tao. Through these superficial efforts, Yin Chan achieved the goal of covering people's eyes and ears, blinding political enemies, secretly crossing Chen Cang, and achieving change.
Some people think that Yong is a master of the mind, this is not too much, he is not in a hurry to use patience in the activities of seizing reserves, he is scheming and calculating, he has a thousand plans in his heart, and his master is like a tiger, but his appearance is as quiet as stagnant water, the waves are not happy, and people are unpredictable and profound. This completely different approach has made him take many detours in the process of seizing the reserve, and he has suffered a lot of bumps and blows.
It can also be concluded from this that Yongzheng did not become emperor by tampering with the edict of succession, as many folk legends have done. It is entirely possible that he won the favor of Kangxi by virtue of his excellent performance, and designated him as the heir to the throne.