(The Woman Who Told History – No. 754) In "Journey to the West", Sun Wukong once famously said: The emperor takes turns to do it, and comes to my house next year. This sentence seems to inspire many people. In ancient times, the emperor as a top profession was the ultimate pursuit of many heroes Haojie. For example, Xiang Yu, Liu Bang, Liu Bei, Zhu Yuanzhang, Li Zicheng, etc., all struggled to become emperors one after another, but some people succeeded, some people failed, and some people just became emperors for a few days, and the throne was driven down before it was warm. This person who talked about today has a great addiction to emperors, this person built two dynasties in less than a hundred days, became the emperor of two dynasties, one Qin and one Han; after becoming an emperor, he wanted to unify the world, he first wanted to destroy the Tang, but after going through ups and downs, it was difficult to achieve his wishes, and finally he lost and accidentally fell into the cellar. So did he finally succeed? What happened after falling into the cellar? For more information, this issue is broken down.
First, he was proclaimed as an emissary by his brother, and later betrayed by his brother
This man was zhu zhu (cǐ) (742–784), a native of Changping, Youzhou (present-day Changpingnan, Beijing), and a famous general of the mid-Tang Dynasty. Shi Zai originally joined the army by virtue of his father's relationship, his martial arts were not outstanding, his appearance was generous, but his heart was very cruel. However, he has a strong point, that is, he is generous, like Song Jiang, he does not spare money and money, and likes to give alms. The rewards he received for each battle were generously distributed to his subordinates, so he was well received by his subordinates.
In his early years, Zhu Zhu was a general under Li Huaixian, the head of the Tang Dynasty domain, who rebelled against An Lushan, and after the An Shi Rebellion, he served as an envoy to Lulong Jiedu in Youzhou. In 768, another of Li Huaixian's subordinates, youzhou soldiers and horses, made Zhu Xicai murder Li Huaixian in order to make him a ruler, and Zhu Zhu also participated in this murder and helped Zhu Xicai, so he gained Zhu Xicai's trust and respect.
In 772, Zhu Xicai, who had replaced Li Huaixian as Lu Longjie's envoy, was killed by his subordinates. At that time, Zhu Zhu, who was serving as the deputy envoy of Jingluo, was stationed outside, and his brother Zhu Tao, who commanded the Yabing, wanted to support his brother Zhu Zhu as an envoy to Jiedushi, so he secretly sent people to the generals to instigate: "Jiedu makes it impossible for Zhu To be a deputy envoy in the north of the city!" At this time, Zhu Xicai had just died, and the dragons were leaderless, so the generals together elected Zhu Zhu as the emissary of Jiedushi. However, Zhu Zhu was a more modest person, and did not take office immediately, but sent someone to report to the imperial court, indicating that he would obey the arrangements of the imperial court. The imperial court believed that Zhu Zhu was still quite loyal, so he appointed Zhu Zhu as an envoy to Youzhou LulongJiedushi. such
Zhu Zhu justifiably became Lu Long's emissary, which also showed his loyalty to the imperial court.
At first, Zhu Zhu was indeed loyal to the Tang court. In 773, Zhu Zhu ordered his brother Zhu Tao to lead an army to Jing Prefecture (泾州, in modern Jingchuan, Gansu) to defend Tubo. Since The Rebellion of An Lushan, the Youzhou army rarely served the imperial court, and Zhu Zhu's move was appreciated by Li Yu, the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
In 774, Zhu Zhu was promoted to shangshu of the inspection department. At that time, although the three towns of Heshuo were submitted to the imperial court, they never entered the hajj to see the emperor, and Zhu Zhu took the lead in going to the table and asked to join the dynasty. Emperor Zong of the Tang Dynasty was overjoyed and specially ordered people to build houses to wait for Zhu Zhu to come to the dynasty. However, it did not happen that Zhu Zhu was halfway to WeiZhou (蔚州, in modern Wei County, Hebei) when he suddenly fell ill. At that time, the generals under his account advised him to return to Youzhou for medical treatment and wait until his condition improved before leaving for Beijing.
Zhu Zhu said, "No, it is the duty of a courtier to enter the hajj to see my emperor, and even if I die, I will carry my body to the imperial court!" ”
All the generals were greatly impressed. A few months later, Zhu Zhu finally arrived in Chang'an, and the people of the capital were surprised to hear that Zhu Zhu had brought illness into the dynasty. So they all came to see Zhu Zhu. Emperor Daizong of Tang was also very impressed, and personally set up a banquet at the Yanying Hall and greatly rewarded him.
But what Zhu Zhu did not expect was that his side was being praised by the emperor, and the backyard was on fire. Taking advantage of his brother's absence, his brother Zhu Tao seized Zhu Zhu's military power and wanted to appoint himself as Lu Longjie's envoy. When the news came, Zhu Zhu knew that he had been betrayed by his brothers, and knew that there would be no good fruit to eat when he went back, so he simply did not go back, asked himself to stay in the capital and followed the emperor. Emperor Shangao was far away, and Emperor Tang of Tang knew that this matter would not be easy to handle, so he also came down the slope and donkey, so he appointed Zhu Tao, the brother of Zhu Zhu, to stay behind for Lu Longjie; this side also had to arrange, and also had to make a beautiful difference for Zhu Zhu, so he let Zhu Zhu command the border defense army of The Song Dynasty and Ziqing.
2. Zhu Zhu quelled the rebellion and was loyal to the Tang Dynasty
After that, Zhu Zhu was also a smooth step. In 776, Zhu Zhu was given the title of Tongping Zhangshi (同平章事) and left the town of Fengtianxing Camp. The following year, Zhu Zhu was promoted to the post of Fengxiang Long's Right Envoy; then again, and a year later Zhu Zhu was again made the Prince of Suining County. Zhu Zhu, who is in his 30s, can be described as a spring breeze.
In 779, Emperor Dezong of Tang succeeded to the throne and made Zhu Zhu the Crown Prince Taishi and Feng Xiangyin. In 780, the Jingzhou defender Liu Wenxi rebelled, and Zhu Zhu finally had the opportunity to perform, and he could not empty the hat of a famous Tang general and show his hand. Therefore, Zhu Zhu served as an envoy to the Beiting Army of the Four Towns and the Jingyuan Jiedushi, and sent troops to attack Liu Wenxi. Not to mention, Old Zhu really has some level, and he leveled Liu Wenxi with one shot. After the Jingzhou rebellion was settled, Zhu Zhu entered the Fengzhongshu Order, returned to Fengxiang, and then made the right envoy of Ganlong.
Later, Zhu Zhu was given the post of Lieutenant.
At this time, Zhu Zhu was said to have entered a brilliant period of life.
If the following thing hadn't happened, maybe Zhu Zhu's life would have been like this, and he would have been a very good envoy who was both a lieutenant and a local emissary. However, this incident actually gave Zhu Zhu the opportunity to become emperor.
Third, Zhu Zhu took advantage of the fire and robbery to establish the Qin Dynasty and become the emperor of the Qin Dynasty
In 782, Zhu Tao's brother Zhu Tao rebelled in Youzhou and wanted his brother to do it together, so he sent someone to send a secret letter to Zhu Zhu, but was intercepted by Ma Zhuo of Hedong Jiedu and informed the imperial court. After Zhu Zhu knew, he didn't feel good, this Xiao Tao, this doesn't pit your brother, you want to oppose me and don't stop you, but you can't also pull me into the water, right? Do you see this injustice? So he was very frightened, so he took the initiative to ask the imperial court for guilt. Tang Dezong was also a man of understanding, and after listening to Zhu Zhu's appeal, he said generously: "Zhu Aiqing, this is not to blame you, your brothers are thousands of miles apart, he has nothing to do with you, and he knows that you are loyal." ”
Good hanging, Zhu Zhu was scared into a cold sweat, it was all right. However, Emperor Dezong was not at ease after all, and it would be very frightening if the two brothers really joined forces to rebel in the future. So he gave Zhu Zhu a bright ascension and a dark surrender, so that he did not have to return to Fengxiang, did not have to suffer at the grass-roots level, directly stayed in the imperial court to work, and increased his food. It is equivalent to saying that he was transferred from the local government to the central government, and he also increased his salary a lot, but the moderation made the post irrelevant to you, that is to say, Zhu Zhu was given a salary increase and the right to release the army.
After a while,
Another major event occurred in the history of the Tang Dynasty, that is, the change of Jingyuan.
In 783, Jingyuan Jiedu sent Yao Lingyan to lead an army into Chang'an, but due to the lax administration of the army, the soldiers in the army mutinied and besieged the imperial court, and Tang Dezong abandoned Beijing and fled to Fengtian (present-day Qian county, Shaanxi) to protect his life. At that time, Zhu Zhu, who had been dismissed from the envoy of Jiedushi, was idly living in Chang'an Jinchangli.
On the night of the emperor's escape, Jingyuan Jiedu made Yao Lingyan see that the imperial court was empty, and the soldiers were robbing the capital, afraid that the world would be chaotic, they wanted to control the situation, so they said to the rebellious generals: "Now there is no son of heaven in the middle of the dynasty, and it just so happens that Zhu Taiwei is living in seclusion at home, and we can worship him as the lord, and it can become a big thing." Although it was a rebellion launched by Yao Lingyan's subordinates, he himself did not seem to have any reaction, and if there was, there would be nothing to do with Zhu Zhu.
So Yao Lingyan sent people to Jinchangli to meet Zhu Zhu. That night, Zhu Zhu ordered his men to raise torches and enter the Imperial Court Hanyuan Hall in front of and behind the rebels. The next day, Zhu Zhu moved to the Baihua Hall and made a list of Anmin, to the effect that the soldiers of Jingyuan, because they had been living on the frontier for a long time and did not know the etiquette of the imperial court, now casually entered the palace, which frightened the saint and went out on a tour. Now, in order to stabilize the overall situation, Zhu Zhu taiwei temporarily commanded the Sixth Army and temporarily presided over the government. He also informed that all the generals of the Forbidden Army, as well as the civil and military officials, should all follow Emperor Dezong, and if they could not go, they could report to the official office of the official. If it takes more than three days, anyone who finds out who does not follow the emperor and does not report will be beheaded!
Isn't this obviously embarrassing everyone, the emperor has already slipped away, where do we find it? Therefore, the hundred officials had no choice but to go to see Zhu Zhu and report to this temporary imperial court.
Originally, Zhu Zhu did not have the luxury of being an emperor before, at this time, since everyone supported him, he also had sudden ambitions, as the saying goes, the emperor took turns to do it, is it coming to my house today? However, to be called emperor must also have theoretical support, and it cannot be just confused and become stupid, and people will look down on it afterwards.
Coincidentally, there came a person who was good at observing words and colors. Yuan Xiu, who had been the inspector of imperial history, came out to solve this problem for Zhu Zhu, stating the principles of success and failure in ancient and modern times, quoting the theory of fate, and persuading Zhu Zhu to claim the title of emperor. Just what I wanted! Zhu Zhu was overjoyed. Soon, li zhongchen and Zhang Guangsheng, the leaders of the local divisions, came one after another, and Zhang Tingzhi and Duan Chengzhi, the former generals of Fengxiangjing, also led an army to Beijing to surrender to Zhu Zhu. Believing that he was expected by all, Zhu Zhu made up his mind to become emperor, appointed Yuan Xiu as Jing Zhaoyin and Judu Zhi, and Li Zhongchen as the imperial envoy, and trusted Duan Xiushi, the secretary of the long-lost military power, and prepared to reuse him.
However, Zhu Zhu also felt that at this time, calling the emperor was somewhat unauthentic, a bit of a taste of taking advantage of the fire, because the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty had always been not thin to himself. So he sent three thousand elite soldiers to meet Emperor Dezong. It shows that I am also the last resort to temporarily preside over the government, and now I also ask Your Majesty to come back to take office, and as soon as you return, I will immediately give way! Under the banner of greeting the emperor, he actually went to attack Fengtian and completely clean up Emperor Dezong, or his throne could not sit still, after all, this Tang Dynasty had already won the hearts of the people.
At this time, not all the people in the DPRK wanted to follow Zhu Zhugan.
For example, Duan Xiushi and Liu Haibin, who were loyal to Tang Dezong, plotted to kill Zhu Zhu.
They found an opportunity to meet Zhu Zhu and state the reason for their loyalty to the imperial court, at which point Liu Haibin drew a dagger from his boots. However, he was discovered by Zhu Zhu, who was born as a general, and Liu Haibo's dagger was taken away; during this time Xiushi grabbed the elephant wat in Yuan Xiu's hand, stood up and slammed Zhu Zhu, and shouted: "The anti-thief should be torn to pieces!" Zhu Zhu immediately raised his hand to protect his head, at this time Li Zhongchen flew up to escort him, and the rebels also rushed up and killed Duan Xiushi with a knife.
After this murder, Zhu Zhu finally made up his mind not to stop doing two things
On October 8, 783, with the support of Yuan Xiu, Yao Lingyan, Li Zhongchen, Zhang Guangsheng and others, he entered the Xuanzheng Hall and officially ascended the throne as emperor, with the name of Great Qin
He then made his nephew Zhu Sui the crown prince and his brother Zhu Tao the prince of Ji, Tai wei, Shang ShuLing, and emperor. At this point, Zhu Zhu's ambitions were completely activated, and in order to break people's illusions about Dezong, he simply came to a fierce and directly killed the Tang Dynasty clan who had no time to escape, killing a total of seventy-seven people such as the county king, prince, and wang sun, and the Tang Dynasty clan that remained in Chang'an was basically destroyed.
4. Zhu Zhu re-established the Han Dynasty and became the emperor of the Han Dynasty
After Zhu Zhu became the Emperor of Great Qin, he did not directly enter the harem to enjoy, but was ambitious and wanted to unify the world. And if you want to unify, you must first clean up the old emperor Tang Dezong. So on October 10, 783, Zhu Zhu was personally marched and commanded his troops to fengtian! The sheer size of its momentum and the majesty of its position are the standard of the emperor. The Guards, retinues, and vehicles he used filled the roads, and the soldiers gathered like ant colonies, and the momentum was fierce!
However, his army looked majestic, and in fact did not fight, and was quickly defeated by the Tang generals Hun Yu and Han Youjie under Fengtian City, and had to retreat to camp three miles east of Fengtian City, overhaul the siege equipment, and prepare to attack the city. After that, Zhu Zhu's Qin army and Dezong's Tang army launched a series of battles, and the Qin army suffered many setbacks, and the Tang army had a clear upper hand. Zhu Zhu then forced the people to fill in the moat, and sneaked in at night to attack the city, but still could not break the city, had to retreat.
In November 783, the Qin army caused a cloud ladder and launched a large-scale siege of the city. Tang ordered Hun Yu to dig a large pit, make a tunnel trap, and then set up a fire to burn the cloud ladder, at this time the wind direction changed, the fire was thrown at the Qin army, Zhu Zhu's soldiers were in chaos, and the Tang army took the opportunity to rush out of the three city gates together and break Zhu Zhu. Soon, Shuofang Jiedu sent Li Huaiguang from Hebei to lead an army to aid the Tang army, and Zhu Zhu's army soon collapsed, and the siege of Fengtian was lifted.
On November 30, Zhu Zhu fled back to Chang'an. At that time, Yao Lingyan set up defensive measures in the city and trained militia to try to defend the capital for Zhu Zhu. After Zhu Zhu returned, he ordered Yao Lingyan to remove all his defenses, and said, "I have my own way of fighting." Then he created public opinion about the victory of the Qin army, and every three or five days, Zhu Zhu sent people to pretend to return from the front line, shouting all over the city: "Fengtian has been conquered." "To appease the people.
In the first month of 784, Zhu Zhu may have thought that the short-lived Qin Dynasty was not very auspicious.
Therefore, the name of the country was changed to Han and the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was changed. In less than a hundred days, Zhu Zhu built two dynasties, one Qin and one Han, and became the emperor of two dynasties, which is also unique in Chinese history.
At this time, the front line changed, and the development of the situation seemed to be beneficial to Zhu Zhu. More than a month ago, Shuofang Jiedu, who had gone to Fengtian to rescue Emperor Dezong, made Li Huaiguang attempt to rebel against Emperor Dezong's court and send people to Chang'an to negotiate peace with Zhu Zhu. Zhu Zhu, who was in a critical moment, agreed to cooperate and called him his brother, and the two sides agreed that after the two armies cooperated to pacify Guanzhong, they would establish their own states and become emperors.
Originally, this was beneficial to Zhu Zhu, but Zhu Zhu, who had already become the emperor of the two dynasties, was a little greedy at this time, and wanted to dominate the world alone. Therefore, when Li Huaiguang formally betrayed the Tang court, Zhu Zhu treated Li Huaiguang with the etiquette of a monarch treating his subordinates, and repeatedly forcibly recruited his soldiers and horses. Li Huaiguang was annoyed and ashamed, are you playing me? Saying that the two sides will cooperate on an equal footing, will you be good enough to become my master? So he ran away in anger and returned to Hezhong Province with his army.
This time Zhu Zhu was miserable. Soon, the Tang Dynasty officials Li Shengbu, Luo Yuanguang, and Shang Ke's lone troops all marched into Chang'an, and Zhu Zhu's subordinates Han Min, Song Guichao, and Zhang Tingzhi were defeated one after another. On May 28, 783, Tang retaken Chang'an with Li Sheng and others. Zhu Zhu had to flee west with Yao Lingyan, Zhang Tingzhi, Yuan Xiu, and others, and most of the rest of the henchmen surrendered to the Tang court.
Fifth, Zhu Zhu was unable to destroy the Tang Dynasty, and accidentally fell into the cellar when he fled
On the way to Zhu Zhu's escape, the soldiers sneaked along the road and ran a lot, and when they fled to Jingzhou, there were only more than a hundred people left. The Jingzhou guard general Tian Xijian closed the city gate tightly and did not accept him, and Zhu Zhu said to Tian Xijian, "I once granted you the official position of envoy, why are you ungrateful?" Tian Xijian then asked someone to burn the Jingqi Rune festival awarded by Zhu Zhu. Zhu Zhu had no choice but to flee west again and rest in a guest house.
Zhu Zhu's general Liang Tingfen came to Jingzhou City to persuade the general Tian Xijian: "You originally betrayed the imperial court and submitted to Zhu Zhu, and now even if you submit to the imperial court, you will inevitably be punished in the future." It is better to open the city gate to take in our emperor and achieve great things together. Tian Xijian thought about it, there was some truth, and he reluctantly agreed. So Liang Tingfen rushed to the guest house to tell Zhu Zhu, Zhu Zhu was very happy, so he asked Liang Tingfen to take him to Jingzhou again. Liang Tingfen took the opportunity to ask the Han Emperor Zhu Zhu for the official titles of Shangshu and Pingzhangshi, but at this time, Zhu Zhu put the emperor on the shelf again, "Are you going to blackmail me?" What if the Emperor does not agree? ”
Oh, what time, still put this stinky shelf! Liang Tingfen did not care, but refused to take Zhu Zhu to Jingzhou again. They went to Xicheng Village, Pengyuan County, Ningzhou (present-day Ning County, Gansu), and Liang Tingfen, who was completely desperate for Zhu Zhu, decided to betray Zhu Zhu. At this time, Old Zhu was already at the end of the road, and the rebels were separated.
Liang Tingfen and Zhu Weixiao, who had once been Zhu Zhu's confidant, shot Zhu Zhu with an arrow.
When Zhu Zhu escaped, he accidentally fell into a cellar.
At this time, everyone thought of asking for merit in the Court of the Tang Dynasty, so Emperor Zhu's entourage Han Min, Xue Lun, Gao Youwei, Wu Zhen, Zhu Jinqing, Dong Xizhi and several others came to close the door and beat the dogs, catch turtles in the urn, and directly solve the former Qin Emperor in the cellar, the current Han Emperor Zhu Zhu, and then cut the first one to the nearby Liang Prefecture. But it is a pity that Zhu Zhu, the self-proclaimed "founding emperor" of the Qin and Han dynasties, lived for 43 years and went to history.
References: "Old Book of Tang Zhu Zhu Biography", "New Book of Tang Zhu Zhu Biography", "Zizhi Tongjian", etc.