The original text and translation of the theory of treachery
original
Song Dynasty: Su Xun
Everything must come, and it is certain. But the quiet of the world can see the small and know. The moon is dizzy and windy, the foundation is moist and rainy, everyone knows it. The passage of personnel, the cause of the rational situation, its sparseness and difficult to know, the change and the unpredictable, and the yin and yang of heaven and earth. And the sages do not know, why? Likes and dislikes mess around, and the stakes take them out of it!
In the past, Shan Juyuan saw Wang Yanyue: "Those who are mistaken for the world, they must be this person!" Guo Fenyang saw Lu Qiyue: "This person has won the zhi." My descendants are all left behind!" From now on, the truth is inherently visible. From my point of view, Wang Yanzhi is a man, a man of appearance and speech, and a person who steals his name by deceiving the world. But do not ask for, and things float and sink. So that the Jin Dynasty has no Hui Emperor, only the Lord, although it has a hundred thousand, why should it chaos the world? Lu Qi's adultery is enough to defeat the country. However, if you do not learn and have no writing, your appearance is not enough to move people, your speech is not enough to dazzle the world, and you are not the contempt of The Sect of Virtue, why should it be used? From the words, the second son of the second son, there is no room for necessity!
Now there are people who recite the words of Kong and the old, and who are carrying out their deeds and deeds together, and who have summoned people with good names and undesirable intentions, who have made up words and private names, thinking that Yan Yuan and Meng Ke have come back, and the thieves are sinister and cruel, and they are different from people. It was Wang Yan and Lu Qi who merged into one person. How can it be more than enough? Husband dirt does not forget to wash, clothes do not forget to wash. This person's affection also. Not today, the clothes of the courtiers. Isn't it true that dogs eat food, prisoners lose their faces, and talk about poetry books? Those who are not close to human feelings in everything are rarely adulterous, and they are also erect, easy to teeth, and open squares. In the name of the world, and to alleviate its invisible afflictions. Though there is a Lord who wishes to rule, and a good and virtuous person, he will use it. Then it is a world disaster, inevitable and undoubted, not the ratio of the two sons of the special.
Sun Tzu said: "Those who make good use of soldiers have no outstanding achievements." "To make the Slovaks without using them is an exaggeration, and the Slovaks have a sigh of not encountering." What do you know about this? otherwise. The whole world will be cursed by it, and I have been given the name of the word, sorrowful man!
Translations
Things have inevitable development trends and results, and the truth has its correct answers. Only people with objective and calm minds in the world can see the signs of the future from subtle phenomena and changes. A large aura appears around the moon, that is, it is going to be windy, and the tide on the stone pier is wet, that is, it is going to rain, which is known to everyone. The development and change of personnel, the causal relationship between reason and the situation, are also empty and difficult to know, ever-changing and unpredictable, how can it be compared with the changes in the yin and yang of heaven and earth? However, even wise people can be unaware of the world around them, why is this? This is because emotions of preference and hatred disturb their minds, and the consideration of profit and loss dominates their judgment.
Once upon a time, when Shan Juyuan saw Wang Yan, he said, "It must be this person who will mislead the people of the world in the future." When Guo Fenyang saw Lu Qi, he said, "Once this person has achieved success, none of my descendants will be able to keep one." "From today's situation, some things are indeed foreseeable. However, in my opinion, Wang Yan, a person with his appearance and conversation, does have the conditions to deceive the world and steal his name, but he does not hate others, does not seek covetousness, but just goes with the flow. If the State of Jin was not in power at that time, such as Emperor Hui, but encountered even a monarch with moderate talent, then even if there were thousands of people like Wang Yan, how could they mess up the world? Lu Qi's treachery and insidiousness are indeed enough to corrupt the country, but this man is not learned, his appearance is not enough to move people, and his speech is not enough to deceive society. If it wasn't for Tang Dezong's contempt and vulgarity, why would he be reused? From this point of view, the future of Wang Yan and Lu Qi, as predicted by Shan Juyuan and Guo Fenyang, may not necessarily be that kind of ending.
Now there is such a person, talking about the words of Confucius and Lao Tzu, imitating the industry of Boyi and Shuqi, collecting and gathering some people who covet false names and undesirables, creating public opinion for each other, and privately flaunting each other, thinking that they are the reincarnation of Yan Yuan and Meng Ke. But in the bones, they are sinister and vicious, contrary to the interests of ordinary people, I think they are wang yan and Lu Qi's roles that are integrated, and their scourge is that words can be clearly explained! Dirty face do not forget to clean, clothes dirty do not forget to clean, this is the most common and reasonable human feelings. This is not the case now, wearing clothes like slaves, eating food like pigs and dogs, with hair disheveled like a prisoner, a face full of dirt and dirt, but full of words about the words of the saints in the Book of Poetry and the Book of Shang. There are very few people who are not close to the common sense of the world, but people who are not great traitors, but people who are like vertical cuts, easy teeth, and squares. Use his good reputation in the world to help achieve his unfulfilled evil intentions, although there are wise lords in this world who are willing to work hard to govern, and there are prime ministers who love talents and love talents, and they are not exempt from being deceived and want to lift and reuse him. In this way, there is no doubt that such a person will bring disasters to the world, and his harm is not only comparable to that of Wang Yan and Lu Qi.
Sun Tzu said: "Those who are good at using soldiers have no outstanding merits. "If this person is not reused in the future, then what I am saying is wrong, and this person will have a sigh of inadequacy, so who knows that it is this person who has caused harm to the country?" If not, the world would be a scourge on him, and I would have gained a reputation for foresight, which would be so sad!
exegesis
Discernment: Discernment of adultery. On: Stylistic names.
The phrase "things have" means that both reason and human feelings have their inevitable side.
Tranquilizer: Refers to a person who has attained the path of deep tranquility and transcendence. Seeing the small and knowing: Seeing the subtle signs of things, you can know its development trend and results.
Moon halo and wind: When the moon halo appears, it will be windy. Moon halo, the halo around the moon.
Base: The stone base is moist. Foundations, stone piers under the pillars.
Progression: Development and change.
Sparse: Wide and wide. There is a vague and elusive meaning here.
Which and: indicates the choice, where to compare. The yin and yang of heaven and earth: refers to various phenomena in nature.
CD: Inside.
Take it away: it means to influence its actions.
Shan Juyuan: Shan Tao, Zi Juyuan, a famous scholar of the early Jin Dynasty, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", appointed as the official Shangshu, selected officials, he was evaluated for each of them. Wang Yan: Zi Yifu, official to Shang Shu Ling, Tai Wei. There are grand talents, beautiful looks, good Words, Happy Old Zhuang, and take things lightly.
Guo Fenyang: Guo Ziyi, for his merits in quelling the rebellion of An shi, was named the king of Fenyang County. Lu Qi: Zi Liang, Emperor Dezong of Tang. Ugly in appearance and greedy.
Do not seek (enhì) do not seek: do not envy and do not covet.
Floating with things: the meaning of going with the flow.
Make: Suppose. Emperor Hui: Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zheng, sexual dementia.
Lord: An emperor of medium talent.
Dazzling World: Deceit. Dazzle, annoying.
Dezong: Tang Dezong Li Shi. Contempt: Despicable and faint.
Ergong: Refers to ShanTao and Guo Ziyi. Second son: Refers to Wang Yan and Lu Qi. YUNG: Maybe.
Yi: Bo Yi. Qi: Shu Qi. Both are the sons of Lone Bamboo Jun. After the death of Shang, they swore not to eat Zhou Su and starved to death in Shouyang.
Mutual: Collusion with each other. Fabrication of speech: It is said to create public opinion.
Private name: self-proclaimed, self-proclaimed.
Yan Yuan: A disciple of Confucius. Among the seventy-two disciples, he was known for his virtue, and later Generations of Confucians revered him as "Fusheng". Meng Ke: That is, Mencius, one of the representative figures of the pre-Qin Confucian school, later Confucians respected as "Ya sheng".
Heterogeneous: Different ambitions.
Enema (huàn): washing.
Subject: Slave.
彘((zhì): Pig.
Bereavement of the head of the prisoner: the shawl is distributed like a prisoner, the head is not combed and the face is not washed like a mourner, and the description does not pay attention to the modification.
Fresh: Less. Tè: Adultery.
KEY: Achievements. Unseen afflictions: Unseen plagues.
Sun Tzu: Mingwu, Qi of the Warring States period, military expert, author of "Sun Tzu's Art of War".
Scythian: This person.
Knowing words: Words of foresight.
Appreciation
This is an article with obvious pros and cons. Its advantages are mainly twofold, one in content and one in writing. In terms of content, the text proposes that "only the quiet of the world can see the small and know", which is very profound. The so-called "quiet person" is a person who is not confused by "likes and dislikes" and is not robbed by "interests", that is, people who can remain calm, objective and insightful when examining personnel affairs, such people can discover the essence and foresee foresight, which is very reasonable. The text also says: "Those who are not close to human feelings in everything are rarely adulterous", which is also quite police. The so-called "unkindness", that is, temperament, that is, a great violation of human nature, such people certainly have a perverse personality, but there are also sinister natures and deep hearts. In the article, the author proposes to use the sharp understanding of the subtle knowledge to identify those who are not close to human beings, so as to prevent them from being harmed, which is meaningful for guiding people to guard against and expose the disguise of charlatans in political life, whether as a theory or experience. In terms of writing, although the center of the discussion is "discernment of adultery", the pen and ink refer to Wang Anshi everywhere, but from beginning to end, Wang Anshi's name has not been pointed out. In this way, the reader is also clear about the direction of the text, but it also makes the article have a certain philosophical rationality, rather than just the limitation of the individual, and at the same time allows the reader to experience a kind of subtle fun and the magic of the sword and the lamp. This is a way of writing with virtual reality and referring to reality with a false finger, and it is clever with the pen. The sentences in the text are neatly combined, sometimes compared, and the words are sharp and aggressive. At the end, with a choice sentence, such as a horse taking the slope and taking the reins, it seems to take a step back, but in fact, it is to close the brakes with a sudden, stirring up more than endless meanings, appearing to be alert and sighing, and there is a wonderful song and three sighs.
The shortcomings of this article are also obvious, that is, the rebuke and analogy of Wang Anshi is inappropriate. It is true that Wang Anshi was too busy with reading and managing affairs to forget to wash and not pay attention to diet, but whether he had reached the point of "the clothes of the courtiers and the food of the dogs" is debatable. Even so, this is not necessarily "impersonal" in the exact sense. If the new law fails and there are many drawbacks in the new law, it is concluded that Wang Anshi is a traitor. I am afraid that readers will find it difficult to agree with these conclusions. The text also compares Wang Yan, Lu Qi, and the treacherous and ugly people of Shu Diao, Yi Ya, and Kai Fang with Wang Anshi, which is even more unethical. When the author of the article uses his theory to attack the so-called "present people" and "Si people", he obviously has great intentions and selfish regrets, which also happens to contradict the position of the "quiet person" that the author himself said.
Appreciation
Looking at the whole text of "The Theory of Discernment" coherently, in terms of the purpose of writing, the author does have some references, and the specific characters referred to are not pointed out by the author. There is no need for cumbersome research. As far as the intention is concerned, this article is indeed a famous article in ancient texts.
The author's view of "seeing the small things" is reasonable. Don't take small things lightly, big things are made up of small things. "Prevent micro-gradualness" has long been a famous saying that the ancients have embraced as a guideline. As Wu Chucai, a Qing dynasty, said: "Seeing the micro and knowing the small can be the method of observing people throughout the ages." ”
The outstanding success of this article lies in the plot. The article begins by comparing celestial phenomena with personnel, pointing out that personnel are more difficult to grasp than celestial phenomena, and explaining that this is the inevitable result of "likes and dislikes" and "interests". It is reasonable to say and to hold on to it for a reason, and it cannot but be approved. Then, through the comments of Shantao and Guo Ziyi on Wang Yan and Lu Qi in history, it is explained that although the comments of Shan Tao and Guo have a certain truth, they also have omissions, which paves the way for the following "people today". The third paragraph of this article is the part where the author pours all his strength into venting, and portrays the various performances of "someone today" as much as he wants, in one fell swoop, like a waterfall, and the sharpness of his pen and the rigor of his arguments cannot but be breathtaking. At the end, the author leaves room for two possible scenarios, which makes one feel the fairness of the author's attitude.
When criticizing "some people", the author also uses the habits of life (such as not trimming the edges) as a pretext for attack, which is inevitably biased. However, this slight flaw is not enough to affect the achievement of this article.