During the Rebellion of Zhu Kerong, the Youzhou area once again became a rebellious feudal town on one side
preface
The state has not always existed. There has been a society that does not need the state and does not know what state power is, and when the economic development reaches a certain stage and inevitably divides society into classes, the state becomes necessary because of this division.
cause
In 768, Zhu Tao was given the title of Empress Dowager of Youzhou and Imperial History, a move that laid a hidden danger for Zhu Kerong's future rebellion.
▲Zhu Tao (stills)
outcome
In 826, Zhu Kerong's father and son were killed by the Youzhou army, and the generals made Zhu Kerong's other son, Zhu Yansi, the new emissary of Jiedushi, and the Youzhou army broke away from the control of the imperial court and established itself.
▲ Zhu Kerong
disposal
1. Mr. Liu is a monk
The Youzhou army led by Zhu Kerong was not the first rebellion, and the first rebellion of the Youzhou army was started by Liu Zong, the previous Jiedushi envoy. In order to seize the military and political power of Youzhou, Liu Zong did not hesitate to kill his own father and brother, but the good times were not long, Liu Zong had just taken office not long, the imperial court began to crusade against the feudal forces, Liu Zong knew that he was invincible, and had no choice but to submit to the imperial court.
Originally, Liu Zong only wanted to live a safe and stable life, perhaps his conscience found that the killing of his father and brother was always a lingering nightmare in Liu Zong's heart, and Liu Zong often woke up from nightmares in the middle of the night, feeling that his father and brother could not forgive himself for not leaving his ghost. This fear became more serious as Liu Zong grew older, and in his later years, in order to wash away his sins, Liu Zong asked the imperial court to depose officials and convert to Buddhism, and the imperial court naturally agreed.
After Liu Zong left home, the post of Youzhou Jiedushi temporarily vacant, Youzhou City can not be left without a master for a day, in the face of this situation, the imperial court first promoted Zhu Kerong, who had made great achievements but was temperamental, to Beijing, taking Zhu Kerong as an example, so that the officers and men of Youzhou would think that as long as they did not make trouble, they could be promoted to an official and rich like Zhu Kerong.
▲Liu Zong (stills)
2. Zhu Kerong entered Beijing
However, people are not as good as heavenly calculations, after entering Beijing, Zhu Kerong is not as beautiful as imagined, because the then emperor Tang Muzong drank and was lustful all day, and the two prime ministers Cui Zhi and Du Yuanying who were selected were not fuel-saving lamps, resulting in Zhu Kerong not only not holding an important position, but not receiving a salary for several months, and his daily expenses had to borrow money from others and live like a beggar.
Zhu Kerong also asked the imperial court for an official and a half-post, but the two prime ministers regarded Zhu Kerong as nothing and did not even pay attention to it, which made Zhu Kerong very angry. Ready to pack his bags and return to Youzhou, after all, he has a very high prestige in Youzhou, as early as his grandfather Zhu Tao had served as an envoy to Youzhou.
Before Liu Zong left home, he advised the imperial court that the imperial court divide Youzhou into three and make Zhang Hongjing the envoy of Youzhou Jiedushi, and the imperial court listened to Liu Zong's advice, and after Zhang Hongjing arrived in Youzhou, he felt that Youzhou was short of major generals and ordered Zhu Kerong to return to Youzhou. At this time, Zhu Kerong also had plans to return to Youzhou, and the two hit it off.
▲Map of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures
3. Hongjing was appointed as the envoy of Youzhou Jiedushi
Since Zhang Hongjing was appointed as the envoy of Youzhou Jiedushi, he rarely participated in politics, ignored the important military affairs of Youzhou, drank and enjoyed himself all day, and was happy like a god, only letting his staff Wei Yong handle political affairs for himself, which caused strong dissatisfaction among Youzhou soldiers. Wei Yong often bullied Youzhou soldiers, and once a soldier on horseback accidentally bumped into Wei Yong's convoy, and Wei Yong reported to Zhang Hongjing that Zhang Hongjing had Zhang Hongjing sentenced the soldier to death.
▲Zhang Hongjing (second from the right)
4. Mutiny
The Youzhou soldiers heard that their brothers had been tortured with rods, and the Youzhou soldiers, who had always been unruly, could not bear this breath, and that night the soldiers took up arms and rushed to kill, they rushed into Zhang Hongjing's home, imprisoned Zhang Hongjing, robbed Zhang Hongjing's family property, occupied women, and killed their staff, which was no different from bandits and robbers.
After the impulse, the Youzhou soldiers woke up and thought that the imperial court would not forgive themselves, so they went to Zhang Hongjing to confess the crimes they had committed, and asked Zhang Hongjing to forgive them and let them wear the guilt and make meritorious deeds, but even if the soldiers repeatedly requested, Zhang Hongjing did not forgive them, and was bound to go to the imperial court to lower the sins of these people.
▲General Rebellion (stills)
5. Zhang Hongjing stepped down, and Zhu Kerong took the throne
The cornered soldiers felt that Zhang Hongjing would not forgive them, and simply did not stop doing nothing, overthrowing Zhang Hongjing and supporting a new emissary of jiedushi, at this time Zhu Kerong, who was waiting for the opportunity, stood up and was embraced by the generals of Youzhou as the new emissary of jiedushi.
When the emperor who was far away in the sky learned of this, he coveted pleasure all day long, thinking only about the big things and small things, and recognized Zhu Kerong as a modest envoy, thus laying the groundwork for the future military rebellion in Youzhou.
▲ Zhu Kerong became the emissary of the festival
brief summary
After the Zhu Kerong Rebellion, the Youzhou area was once again destroyed by the central control of the Tang Dynasty, and since then Youzhou has become a rebellious feudal town on one side. Later, Hebei and other regions followed suit, and the control of the town established by Emperor Xianzong of Tang was destroyed.
【References】:
"Daming Dynasty"
The Seven Faces of the Ming Dynasty
"Detailed Explanation of the Dynasty"