In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government signed too many treaties that humiliated the country, and the most direct impact of these treaties was to cause China's territory to be torn apart, leaving behind many historical problems. Among them, Hong Kong is because of the "Treaty of Nanking", the territory seized by the British, after the founding of New China, the new government began to work to fight for the once lost land, Hong Kong and Macao, also returned to the embrace of the motherland at the end of the 20th century. In fact, in the early days of the founding of New China, China already had the ability to recover Hong Kong, but under Chairman Mao's decision, China did not immediately carry out the recovery work. After Chairman Mao's death, Deng Xiaoping took over the work and promoted the return of Hong Kong. Today, let us review the history of Hong Kong and look at the arduous journey of Hong Kong's return to the motherland.
Regarding the recovery of Hong Kong, we must start from the Battle of crossing the River, at that time Shenzhen has been fully liberated, the People's Liberation Army at this time, can reach Hong Kong through Shenzhen, at that time, Hong Kong, the British only sent nearly 30,000 guards, want to repel the British at this time, retake Hong Kong, it seems to be a very easy thing. However, as far as Chairman Mao is concerned, if armed forces are adopted, it is bound to hurt the innocent, and many ordinary people and soldiers will suffer from the disaster of innocence; compared with the war, the peaceful settlement of the Hong Kong issue is what Chairman Mao hopes to see more, and perhaps there is still room and room for negotiation between China and Britain.
Since the founding of New China, China is facing a variety of development problems, in fact, everyone is very clear in their hearts, if you want to peacefully solve the Hong Kong issue, you also need China's own strength, only China's international status and comprehensive national strength can be improved, it can pose a threat to britain, so as to gain more say in the negotiations. However, in the following decades, China also faced various development dilemmas because of its lack of experience, and the Hong Kong issue was not officially put on the agenda, but this does not mean that China did not do anything for the return of Hong Kong.
In 1963, Hong Kong broke out a water shortage disaster, China in order to help the people of Hong Kong to solve the problem of water, or immediately decided to divert the water of the East River into Hong Kong, in fact, at this time, China is completely able to use this natural disaster, to drive away the British, after all, for Hong Kong, the mainland is the most important material supply base, not to mention the water resources, if there is no help from the mainland, the British can only choose to evacuate. However, in order to protect the Chinese on the island, the central authorities still abandoned this practice, although China's decision, although in a short period of time, can not promote the return of Hong Kong, but in the long run, the central government did this, not only at a critical moment to stabilize the people's hearts, so that the Chinese in Hong Kong realize that the central government for every Chinese, is equal, China wants to recover not only the land of Hong Kong, but also hong Kong's grass and trees, one person and one people. Hong Kong people feel the concern from the central government, but also strengthen their intentions to return.
After Chairman Mao's death in 1976 and leaving us forever, Deng Xiaoping became the helmsman of China, put forward the policy of reform and opening up, and began to solve the Hong Kong problem. In 1978, at the behest of Deng Xiaoping, the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office was formally established, which also shouldered the task of recovering Hong Kong, and after a month of meetings and discussions, the office made a decision to allow Hong Kong to retain its current system, which is the prototype of the concept of one country, two systems.
In 1978, Minister of Foreign Trade Li Qiang came to Hong Kong for an inspection, this time Li Qiang's arrival, not only to announce the news of China's acceptance of foreign investment, but also an important purpose, that is, to invite the Governor of Hong Kong MacLehose to Beijing, and had a conversation with Deng Xiaoping, in this conversation, Deng Xiaoping very firmly told MacLehose that today's China has always adhered to the sovereignty issue of Hong Kong and will never allow the so-called New Territories in Hong Kong. Of course, China will not interfere with any investment promotion in Hong Kong, and how Hong Kong once developed, Hong Kong in the future can continue as usual.
Deng Xiaoping proposed at this time to solve the Hong Kong problem, not without reason, because he felt that the Qing government and britain signed the "Special Article on Expanding Hong Kong Boundary Sites" stipulated that the British lease period for hong Kong's New Territories was 99 years, and the deadline was 1997. From 1978 to 1997, with less than 20 years left, the solution to the Hong Kong problem was imminent, and Deng Xiaoping had to quickly cut through the chaos and solve this thorny problem. However, the British do not want to let go of Hong Kong, after all, Hong Kong's geographical location is too superior, but also a very important trade port, less than a last resort, they all want to fight for control of Hong Kong, in this regard, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher came to China in 1982, and Deng Xiaoping negotiated, in the negotiation, Thatcher still used the treaty between China and Britain as a guard of honor, trying to use the legitimacy of the treaty to kidnap Deng Xiaoping, But Deng Xiaoping did not want to discuss the unequal treaty, and he gave a very important premise for negotiations, that is, the negotiations should be based on respect for China's sovereignty, otherwise there would be no need for negotiations between the two sides.
Mrs. Thatcher never expected that Deng Xiaoping would leave no room for himself so much, and that the negotiations would end without any results. Soon, China announced again that in 1997, when the treaty expired, It would recover Hong Kong and return Hong Kong to the embrace of the motherland. Since then, China's attitude towards the Hong Kong issue has become more and more tough, and in the face of Britain's undead intentions, China has repeatedly emphasized its own attitude and resolutely safeguarded China's sovereign integrity. Finally, under the strong demands of China, Britain could only choose to make concessions.
During this period, Deng Xiaoping also went around to investigate and work, and in 1981 met with the president of Hong Kong's Ming Pao, Zha Liangyong, who is a writer we are very familiar with, Mr. Jin Yong, who may be in the eyes of many people, Jin Yong is just an author of martial arts novels, and in fact, Jin Yong also has his own political ambitions and feelings of home and country, he even published an article in Ming Pao to discuss the future of Hong Kong, and clearly put forward that Hong Kong will always be China's territory. At that time, Jin Yong's thinking represented the idea of the vast majority of people in Hong Kong.
In 1985, the official exchange of ratifications with China also represented Britain's letting go of Hong Kong, the one country, two systems policy was also formally proposed, and Jin Yong also praised Deng Xiaoping's concept of one country, two systems, but how could Britain be willing to do so? After that, the British actually made an even more absurd proposal, that is, to refuse to allow Chinese troops to enter Hong Kong.
In the face of Britain's unreasonable demands, what will China do in the end? Deng Xiaoping's idea was very simple and crude, that is, to lead the People's Liberation Army directly into Hong Kong, and if the British side dared to block it, it would be directly smashed to death. In 1992, the central authorities set a plan for the People's Liberation Army to enter Hong Kong, all of which was in Deng Xiaoping's plan. As a state secret, not many people knew about this plan, but because of the cunning spies, this news still leaked the wind, and the British also learned of this secret, but even if they knew China's plan, what could they do?
In the 19th century, because of the weakness of the Qing Dynasty at the end of the Qing Dynasty, in the face of the Anglo-French alliance, the Qing government was simply powerless to resist, and finally it was burned and looted by the two countries, military strength, determined everything, Xianfeng could only watch the Yuanmingyuan turn into ashes. And now, China is no longer a corrupt and incompetent Qing government, but a new China full of vitality, at this time the new China not only has a leading atomic bomb in the world, economic strength has been revived, military armed forces, but also greatly enhanced, strong military strength, has been enough to deter the British army, although China does not want to start a war, does not want to kill lives, but in the face of stubborn enemies, China will not give up using force to solve the problem, so even if Britain knows China's plan, They can only watch as China transports troops to Hong Kong and lets China's armed forces protect the people of China.
Under China's deterrence, britain finally gave up resistance, Chinese troops, also three months ago early stationed in Hong Kong, in the early morning of July 1, 1997, China and britain officially held a handover ceremony, this moment Hong Kong finally after a hundred years, back to China's territory, Britain also officially withdrew from the Chinese stage, this shameful history, finally washed away.
From 1949 to 1997, for nearly half a century, China's question of Hong Kong was nothing more than a kind of lying down and tasting the courage, being able to bend and stretch, judging the hour and sizing up the situation, everything was for the ultimate reunification and victory, and the dialogue between the state and the state was always a contest of national strength and national strength. Only in this way can we give the enemy a surprise blow, and this is the pattern of the great people.